1、Unit 2Making a difference Using language过去分词作定语【语用功能】过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。从语法功能分析,过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性,可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词通常与其逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系,表示被动和完成。【情境探究】Which one should I choose if I am thirsty now?观察上面图片及对话,完成下列题目(1)图片对话中,属于过去分词的是_,在句中作_。(2)图片中boiling water意为:_,boiled water意为:_。由此可知,这个女孩马上能喝的是_water。
2、boiled定语正在沸腾的水开水boiled【要义详析】一、过去分词作定语的位置1.单个的过去分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前;过去分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后,相当于一个定语从句。*The government decided to rebuild the damagedbridge.政府决定重新修建那座被毁坏的大桥。*I am fond of the food cooked by your mother.=I am fond of the food that is cooked by your mother.我很喜欢你妈妈做的饭菜。【名师点津】有些过去分词表示特定含义,单独作定语也放在被
3、修饰的名词之后,如left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等。另外,单个过去分词作定语修饰代词时,应该放在被修饰的词后面。*There is a little time left.Lets hurry up.剩余时间不多了,咱们快点吧。*He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。2.有些过去分词作定语既可前置也可后置,意义不变,但有些过去分词置于被修饰词前后的位置不同,则意义也不相同。*All the broken windows have been repaired.=All the windows broken have b
4、een repaired.所有坏了的窗户都已经修理好了。*The method used is very efficient.所用的这个方法很有效。*This is a used car worth only 5,000 yuan.这是一辆只值5 000元的旧车。【名师点津】有些表示情感或心理状态的过去分词已经完全形容词化,常见的这类过去分词有:disappointed(失望的),moved(感动的),interested(感兴趣的),surprised(感到惊讶的),shocked(震惊的,震撼的),puzzled(迷惑不解的),frightened(受惊吓的)等。【即学活用】(1)句型转换
5、The house which was built 100 years ago stood still after the earthquake.The house _stood still after theearthquake.built 100 years agoI like the gift which is given by my best friend for my birthday.世纪金榜导学号I like the gift _.given by my best friend for mybirthday(2)The _(被污染的河)gives off a terrible s
6、mell.(3)The _(激动的人们)finally cooled down.(4)He was then a teacher _(受所有学生尊敬的).polluted riverexcited peoplerespected by all the students(5)Most of the guests _(被邀请到我的生日晚会的)were my school friends.invited to my birthday party二、过去分词作定语的意义1.及物动词的过去分词作定语,具有完成和被动两层含义。steamed bread 馒头boiled water 开水2.不及物动词的过
7、去分词作定语,只表示动作的完成,无被动之意。a fallen tree 一棵倒下的树a retired worker 一位退休工人【即学活用】汉译英受伤的工人 _ workers受感动的学生们 _ students浇过的花 _ flowers落叶 _ leaves归国留学生 _ students from abroadinjuredmovedwateredfallenreturned三、不同非谓语动词形式作定语的区别过去分词作定语表示被动或完成现在分词作定语表示主动或进行现在分词的被动形式作定语表被动和进行不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作*The meeting held yesterday w
8、as very important.昨天开的会非常重要。*Who is the man working there?在那儿工作的那个人是谁?*The bike being repaired is mine.正在修的自行车是我的。*Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?你想见那位将从北京被请来的医生吗?【即学活用】语法填空There are many beautifully _(decorate)houses in our area.The idea _(present)by Peter is much simpler.decoratedpresentedThis is the problem _(discuss)now.The airport _(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time _(spend)with his students.being discussedto be completedspent
