1、备战2022高考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练(高考模拟+名校真题)专题11 家庭信息Passage 1（2020山东德州一模） When I was 5, my father worked the night shift as a nurse in a hospital. He was always carrying his stethoscope (听诊器) so naturally, so I called him “Dr. Saldivar” while I pressed his stethoscope against his chest. But my father, as a
2、 humble man, was always correcting me: “I am not a doctor, son, but you can be one.” I grew up feeling like I had no limits because of moments like this, which has helped me take risks personally and professionally in spite of the hardships I had to endure.Being born to Mexican immigrants meant that
3、 my parents had to work very hard to provide for my family and I had to learn to struggle through school paperwork on my own, because my parents English was limited and they couldnt always be there motivating us through the process. If I wanted to succeed academically, my perseverance, and strength
4、would be tested.Perseverance, strength and good education are the gateway to success. And this is especially true when you look at the obstacles that Latinos have to overcome to succeed in public schools. For instance, while the national high school dropout (辍学) rate has decreased significantly, we
5、still have the highest dropout rate in the country. We are more likely to live in poverty and attend racially separated schools. These issues create many other problems for Latinos.To help relieve my family burden, I found my first job when I was 14 at a local hotel. Despite the long hours on my new
6、 job, I worked hard. Meanwhile, I continually stressed the importance of getting a respectable education and did everything possible to get one step closer to making my dream a reality.Nearly a decade later, I became the first in my family to graduate from the University of Southern California. Know
7、ing the social, economic, and political struggles that a community faces, I began to pursue journalism to give the disadvantaged minorities a voice.1What inspired the author when he was a child?AThe encouraging words from his father.BA nurse in his fathers hospital.CHis curiosity about the stethosco
8、pe.DThe hardships he suffered.2The example in the third paragraph given by the author suggests .Amore Latinos are receiving higher education in AmericaBLatino immigrants are still facing many problemsCAmerican education system is better constructedDracial separation has long been forbidden in Americ
9、a3The author chose to become a journalist, hoping to .Ashow his success as a LatinoBenjoy a different lifeCspeak for the disadvantaged LatinosDrepay the sacrifice his parents made4What does the author try to tell us with his own experience?AImmigration is an approach to personal success.BGood educat
10、ion is a way to successful life.CDisadvantaged Latinos are facing fewer challenges.DAmerican Dream is inaccessible to the Latinos.Passage 2（2021四川三台中学实验学校一模） Though Grant and I are typically more traditional, we actually met online, through Facebook. As a single mom, it was always a nightmare trying
11、 to date, as I have full custody (抚养权) of my daughter and very little “me” time. But that wasnt the only challenge we had to overcome as a couple -we also lived four and a half hours away from one another. But when two people are meant to be, life sure has an interesting way of bringing two people t
12、ogether.Nine months ago, I randomly added him on Facebook. After weeks of messaging back and forth, we had our first four-hour phone call, and the long call led to our first date.In the six and half months that we dated, I got to witness an attractive, charming bachelor become a positive, loving and
13、 selfless father to my little girl.On the day of our engagement(订婚), he took my daughter and I to breakfast. I had a feeling that he was planning something. But after anxiously eating breakfast, hoping and praying he wasnt going to get down on one knee in the middle of a very busy Saturday morning b
14、runch, we left. Then, we walked a mile into the woods. It was quite the adventure. Finally, we got to a wooden bridge in the middle of the forest and he got down on one knee.After proposing to me, Grant got back to propose to my daughter. He said, “Adrianna, can I be your daddy, to promise to love a
15、nd protect you for the rest of your life?” As soon as he spoke those sweet words, I once again broke down in tears.My daughter replied in complete shock, “thank you!” He then presented her with a beautiful heart necklace. The necklace symbolizes a piece of his heart that she can always carry with he
16、r.Our beautiful little family of two has become three. My daughter and I both got our fairy tale ending.5What challenges did the author and Grant face as a couple?She had little time to date.They met each other online.There was a long distance between them.They were traditional people.ABCD6How could
17、 the author probably describe Grant.AGenerous and grateful.BHumorous and gifted.CResponsible and caring.DOptimistic and patient.7Why did the author feel anxious on the day of their engagement?AShe had no idea what their future would be.BShe didnt know how to respond to Grant.CShe was afraid Grant wo
18、uldnt accept her daughter.DShe thought that Grant would propose to her in public.Passage 3（2019江苏无锡高三期末） Siblings refer to ones brothers and sisters. Were attached to siblings as adults far longer than we are as children. Our sibling relationships, in fact, are the longest-lasting family ties we hav
19、e.“Paul, my younger brother, and I, kind of annoyed each other when we were kids,” said Anna, an interviewee,“But as adults, weve always had each others back, especially when dealing with our mothers health crisis. Paul is the first person I want to talk to when something worries me.”Theres probably
20、 a biological explanation for the close bond of the sibling relationship. Siblings share half their genes, which biologists say should be motivation enough for each others devotion.One thing that can weaken closeness in adulthood is a parent who played favorites in childhood; this sense of hatred ca
21、n last a lifetime. The simple concept of parental favoritism was enough to shake their relationship.“What Paul and I are pretty sure is our parents treated us the same when we were growing up. Yet were very different people,” Anna said,“Paul is outgoing while Im shy. Paul is an amateur pianist while
22、 I cant read music or carry a tune. In families with more than one child, every sibling seems to get a label in contrast to every other sibling.”The very presence of siblings in the household can be an education. When a new baby is born, the older sibling gains social skills by interacting with the
23、younger, and the younger gains cognitively（认知角度地）by imitating the older. They learn from the friction between them, too, as they fight for their parentsattention. Mild conflict between brothers and sisters teaches them how to interact with friends and co-workers for the rest of their lives.Its so sa
24、d when things between siblings fall apart, which happens when aging parents need care or die old feelings of contradiction and jealousy erupt all over again. Many families get through their parentsillnesses just fine, establishing networks where the workload is divided pretty much equally. But about
25、 40 percent of the time there is a single primary caregiver who feels like she is not getting any help from her brothers and sisters, which can lead to serious conflicts.Throughout adulthood, the sibling relationship “is powerful and unchanged,” said Jane Mersky Leder, author of the new e-book The S
26、ibling Connection. Whether we are close to our siblings or distant, she writes, they remain our brothers and sisters for better or for worse.So remember the immortal（永恒的）words of folksinger Loudon Wainwright , in a song called Thanksgiving.“On this brilliant occasion, this special family dinner, if
27、I argue with a loved one, please make me.”8What can probably encourage hatred among siblings?AThe aging of their Mom and Dad.BThe difference between their hobbies.CThe conflict in their daily lives.DThe unequal treatment from their parents.9Brothers or sisters will be ready to give each other a hand
28、 partly because_.Athey have common interestBtheir parents force them toCthere exists a genetic factorDtheir parents require them to be10The underlined word“friction” in Para.6 is closest in meaning to_.Amild conflictBclose relationshipCactive interactionDcognitive imitation11One effective way to avo
29、id conflict when looking after sick parents is to_.Aemploy an experienced caregiverBtake on reasonable burdensCequally divide the fortuneDsend them straight to hospital12The writer ends the passage with a song Thanksgiving to indicate that_.Aits disappointing to quarrel with siblingsBits grateful to
30、 have brothers or sisters in lifeCThanksgiving Day is a wonderful occasionDThanksgiving Day is a time for brothers or sisters to get togetherPassage 4（2020西藏拉萨市第二高级中学高三期末） My family has had a great influence on me. When I was a kid, I learnt how to work from my family. My mum would never let me get
31、away when there was something to be done. I learnt the importance of education. My parents would give me 50 dollars if I got As in school. They taught me how to use and save money. My mum taught me how to cook, how to clean, and basically everything I needed to know to live on my own. My dad taught
32、me how to garden, how to do home improvement, how to treat women and girls with respect, and how to put other peoples needs above my own. My brothers and sisters taught me how to make a decision in conflict（矛盾）. Im 22 now, and Ill get married next year. I learn things from my parents marriage by exa
33、mples. For example, Ive never seen my parents really fight. They had disagreements, but they were always in control and never let anger get the best of them. I think thats great, and Im going to work towards that in my marriage.I have a great family. Im grateful that my parents chose to make it a gr
34、eat family.13Who taught the writer to do some housework?AThe mother.BThe father.CThe sisters.DThe brothers.14When will the writer have a new family?AAt the age of 22.BAt the age of 24.CAt the age of 23.DAt the age of 21.15Which of the following is NOT true?AThe writers family influence the writer a
35、lot.BThe writer learns to save money.CThe writer is a girl in the family.DThe writers parents never fight with each other.16How will the writers new family be according to the passage?AIt will be a large family. BIt will be a great family.CThe family members will be different. DThe family members wi
36、ll never get angry.Passage 5（2019安徽淮北一中高二月考） Ive loved my mothers desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat doing letters.Standing by her chair,looking at the ink bottle,pens and white paper,I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the wo
37、rld.Years later,during her final illness,mother kept different things for my sister and brother.“But the desk,”she said again,“is for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry,never saw her cry.I knew she loved me;she showed it in action.But as a young girl,I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and da
38、ughter.They never happened.And a gulf opened between us.I was“too emotional”.But she lived“on the surface”.As years passed and I had my own family.I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did for
39、give me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer,none came.My hope turned to disappointment,then little interest and,finally peace.It seemed that nothing happened.I couldnt be sure that the letter had even got to Mother.I only knew that I had written it,and I could stop trying to make her into
40、someone she was not.Now the presence of her desk told me,as shed never been able to,that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work.I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers insidea photo of my father and a one-page letter,folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer,my letter asks
41、,in any way you choose.Mother,you always choose the act that speaks louder than words.17The writer began to love her mothers desk _.Aafter mother diedBwhen she was a childCbefore she became a writerDwhen mother gave it to her18The word“gulf”in paragraph 4 means _.Adeep understanding between the old
42、and tho youngBpart of the sea going far in landCfree talks between mother and daughterDdifferent ideas between the mother and the daughter19What did Mother do with her daughters letter asking for forgiveness?AShe had never received the letter.BFor years,she often talked about the letter.CShe read th
43、e letter again and again till she died.DShe didnt forgive her daughter at all in all her life.20The passage shows that _.Amother cared much about her daughter in wordsBmother wrote to her daughter in careful wordsCmother was too serious about everything her daughter had doneDmother was cold on the s
44、urface but kind in her heart to her daughterPassage 6（2019浙江杭州一模） On the day the tornado hit, there was no indication severe weather was on its waythe sky was blue and the sun had been out. The first warning my husband, Jimmy and I got came around 9 p.m., from some scrolling text on the TV Jimmy was
45、 watching.No sooner had we found coverage of the tornado than it was on top of us. I didnt know how or if we would make it down the steps. It felt as if there were no floor underneath me as the wind lifted me off my feet. I gripped the banister(楼梯扶手) and tried to move forward, but this intense press
46、ure held me in place. In those seconds of practical stillness, I could hear everything around me rattling.We got close to the staircase landing only to hear the loud ripping（撕裂） sound of our garage door coming off. The back wall of the house followed suit and tore off into the darkness outside.By th
47、e time I reached the closet, the tornado had been over us for about a minute. Jimmy pushed me down to the closet floor, but he couldnt get inside himself because of the wind. I held Jimmys arm tightly as the tornado sucked the door openwe never did get it fully shutand tried to bring Jimmy with it.
48、My knees and head were full of glass, but in that moment, I felt no pain. If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out the back of the house and into the bay.“Hold on! Hold on!” he yelled. But there was nothing in this closet to hold on to. All of a sudden, Jimmy lifted off his feet like people
49、 in tornadoes do in the movies. I thought he was gone. And then everything stopped. He landed on his feet. In those first quiet moments, I couldnt believe it was over. Jimmy said hed go outside to check. “No,” I said. “Dont leave me. Dont leave me.”21What does the underlined word coverage mean?Adama
50、geBreportsCarrivalDdelay22In the last but two paragraphs, why did the author feel no pain?ABecause she was too eager to help her husband to feel it.BBecause she was frozen in amazement.CBecause she was held entirely by the power of tornado.DBecause she was frightened by the damage caused by the disa
51、ster.23The feeling of the author during the disaster can be described as_Ascared, surprised but calmBsurprised, terrified but determinedCastonished, confused and movedDamazed, determined and grateful 试卷第9页，共9页学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司参考答案1A2B3C4B【分析】本文讲述了作者的通过学习改善生活状态的经历，说明教育了是通向成功的大门。1A细节理解题。根据文章I
52、 grew up feeling like I had no limits because of moments like this, which has helped me take risks personally and professionally in spite of the hardships I had to endure.因为这样的时刻我从小就觉得自己没有任何限制，可知从小是父亲的话激励着我，故选A。2B细节理解题。根据文章For instance, while the national high school dropout (辍学) rate has decreased
53、significantly, we still have the highest dropout rate in the country. We are more likely to live in poverty and attend racially separated schools. These issues create many other problems for Latinos.国家高中辍学率大幅下降，我们更有可能生活在贫困中，可知美国教育被很好的设置，故选B。3C细节理解题。根据文章最后I began to pursue journalism to give the disa
54、dvantaged minorities a voice.可知我作为记者是为了给弱势群体一个声音。故选C。4B推理判断题。由作者对自己通过受教育使家庭得到改变可以推测出好的教育是通向成功的道路，故选B。5B6C7D【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和丈夫Grant从认识、约会到最终订婚的过程。5细节理解题。根据第一段as I have full custody (抚养权) of my daughter and very little “me” time. 以及we also lived four and a half hours away from one another. 可知作者和G
55、rant成为夫妇面临的挑战有时间和距离问题，选和，故选B。6推理判断题。从文章第三段I got to witness an attractive, charming bachelor become a positive, loving and selfless father to my little girl.以及第五段Grant对作者的女儿说的话“Adrianna, can I be your daddy, to promise to love and protect you for the rest of your life?”可知作者可能认为Grant是富有责任心和富有爱心的，故选C。7
56、细节理解题。根据第四段I had a feeling that he was planning something. But after anxiously eating breakfast, hoping and praying he wasnt going to get down on one knee in the middle of a very busy Saturday morning brunch, we left. 可知作者认为Grant会在公共场合给自己求婚，所以作者会感到焦虑不安，故选D。8D9C10A11B12B【分析】本文为说明文。兄弟姐妹是指一个人的兄弟姐妹。成年后，
57、我们对兄弟姐妹的依恋要比孩提时长得多。事实上，我们的兄弟姐妹关系是我们拥有的最持久的家庭关系。无论我们与我们的兄弟姐妹是亲近还是疏远的，他们仍然是我们的兄弟姐妹无论是好是坏。8细节理解题。根据第四段中的One thing that can weaken closeness in adulthood is a parent who played favorites in childhood; this sense of hatred can last a lifetime.可知，父母的不平等对待可能会助长兄弟姐妹之间的仇恨。故D选项正确。9推理判断题。根据第三段中的Siblings share
58、half their genes, which biologists say should be motivation enough for each others devotion.可知，兄弟姐妹会愿意互相帮助，部分原因是存在遗传因素。故C选项正确。10词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句及下一句They learn from the friction between them, too, as they fight for their parents attention. Mild conflict between brothers and sisters teaches them how to
59、interact with friends and co-workers for the rest of their lives.（他们也从他们之间的friction中学习，因为他们为了父母的注意而争斗。兄弟姐妹之间的轻微冲突教会他们如何在余生中与朋友和同事互动。）可推知，下句中的mild conflict 指的就是friction。故A选项正确。11细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的Many families get through their parents illnesses just fine, establishing networks where the workload is div
60、ided pretty much equally.可知，照顾生病的父母时避免冲突的一个有效方法是承担合理的负担。故B选项正确。12推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Whether we are close to our siblings or distant, she writes, they remain our brothers and sisters for better or for worse.（她写道，无论我们与我们的兄弟姐妹是亲近还是疏远的，他们仍然是我们的兄弟姐妹无论是好是坏）及最后一段中的So remember the immortal（永恒的）words of folksing
61、er Loudon Wainwright , in a song called Thanksgiving.（所以记住民谣歌手Loudon温赖特在一首名为感恩的歌中的不朽歌词吧）可推知，作者以一首“感恩”的歌词来结束这篇文章，以此来表达对生活中有兄弟姐妹的感激之情。故B选项正确。13A14C15C16B【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者认为父母营造了一个很好的家庭氛围，本文主要介绍了作者从自己家庭中受到的影响。13细节理解题。根据第一段中“My mum taught me how to cook, how to clean, and basically everything I needed to k
62、now to live on my own.(我的妈妈教我如何煮饭，如何做清洁和我独自生活需要了解的基本所有事情)”可知，是妈妈教会作者做一些家务。故选A项。14细节理解题。根据第一段中“Im 22 now, and Ill get married next year.(我现在22岁，将在明年结婚)”可知，作者将在23岁时有一个新的家庭，故选C项。15推理判断题。根据第一段中“My dad taught me how to garden, how to do home improvement, how to treat women and girls with respect, and how
63、 to put other peoples needs above my own.(我爸爸教我如何做园艺，如何改善家居，如何尊重地对待妇女和女孩，如何把别人的需求置于自己的需求之上)”可推知，作者是个男孩，故C项“作者在家里是个女孩”说法错误，故选C项。16推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段最后一句“I think thats great, and Im going to work towards that in my marriage.(我认为那很好，我将在婚姻中朝那些努力)”可推知，作者认为父母营造了一个很好的家庭氛围，作者在自己婚姻中也会朝着那个方向努力，由此可推知作者的新家庭将会是一个很
64、好的家庭。故选B项。17B18D19C20D【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲了作者从小就喜欢母亲的书桌，她和母亲之间从没有进行过心与心的交谈，因此她们之间有代沟。作者成年后，给母亲写信希望她原谅她，但一直没有收到回信，母亲在最后时刻把书桌留给了作者，作者深刻地感受到母亲表面上很冷酷，实际上内心很体贴自己。17推理判断题。根据第一段中的Ive loved my mothers desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat doing letters.Standing by her chair,
65、looking at the ink bottle,pens and white paper,可知，这位作家从小就喜欢上了母亲的书桌，故选B。18语义猜测题。根据第四段中They never happened.And a gulf opened between us.I was“too emotional”.But she lived“on the surface”. 我们从来没有进行过谈心，我们之间出现了一道鸿沟，我是“情绪化”，但她生活在“表面上”。由此推知划线词的意思是“母亲和女儿之间的想法不同”。故选D。19推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中I cleaned the desk carefu
66、lly and found some papers insidea photo of my father and a one-page letter,folded and refolded many times.可知，母亲对女儿请求宽恕的信，她一遍又一遍地读那封信，直到她去世。故选C。20标题归纳题。纵观全文，再根据最后一段Give me an answer,my letter asks,in any way you choose.Mother,you always choose the act that speaks louder than words. 可知，我在信中要求，你可以用任何方式
67、回答我。妈妈，你总是选择行动胜于言语。可知，这篇文章表明，母亲表面上是冷的，但她对待女儿的心是善良的。故选D。21C22A23B【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和丈夫经历了一场龙卷风的袭击，他们在这场灾难中互相支撑、互相扶持，最后幸存了下来。21词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“It felt as if there were no floor underneath me as the wind lifted me off my feet.”以及第一段中的“On the day the tornado hit, there was no indication severe weather was
68、 on its waythe sky was blue and the sun had been out.”可知，龙卷风来临前没有任何预兆，当作者和丈夫发现龙卷风到来的时候，它已经袭击到他们头上了，风吹来的时候感觉脚下好像没有地板一样，突出龙卷风来得非常急、非常大，故C项正确。22细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out the back of the house and into the bay.”可知，作者一松手，丈夫就会被龙卷风吹到海里去，可见她太急于抓住丈夫而感觉不到疼痛，故A项正确。23推理判断题。
69、根据第一、二段对龙卷风来之前情况的描写可知，龙卷风来得很突然，让作者和丈夫很吃惊，根据二、三段对龙卷风袭击时把身边的一切吹得吱吱作响、作者和丈夫行动困难及差点将丈夫吹进海里的描写可知，龙卷风的威力让他们很害怕，根据第三段作者紧紧抓住丈夫不放手及第四段丈夫鼓励作者坚持住的描写可知，他们坚信会挺过去，由此可知作者在整个事件中的情感是吃惊、害怕但坚定，故B项正确。【点睛】阅读理解的词义猜测题的依据一般在画线词所在句的前一句或后一句，但本篇阅读理解的词义猜测题难度很大，不仅要通过画线词后一句，而且要结合事件发生的背景，即第一段中的“On the day the tornado hit, there was no indication severe weather was on its waythe sky was blue and the sun had been out.”才能判断出龙卷风来得非常急，当我们发现龙卷风的到来的时候，它已经袭击到我们头上了，由此才能得知画线词词义为“到达”，否则很容易误选A项。答案第5页，共5页
