1、 Unit 3Back to the past晨读在线假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：1表示歉意；2.解释原因；3.另约时间。注意：1.词数不少于120；2.可适当增加细节。【范文欣赏】 请进行完形填空(每空一词)Dear Tom，Im writing to say sorry to you 1.because I cant go on the trip to Beijing together with you next weekend.2As you know，I have been b
2、usy preparing for 3.an English speech contest.Unfortunately，it will not be held as planned and has been put 4.off to next week.So I have to stay until it ends.But dont be disappointed.Maybe we can make 5.it another time to have the trip.How 6.about in the summer vacation? It will last a month and we
3、 will have more time to spend 7.in places of great interest in Beijing.Please accept my apology for any inconvenience I have caused.May 8.you have a nice weekend! Sincerely yours，Li Hua(121 words)【名师点评】 本文开宗明义，直接说明写此邮件的目的，然后讲不能成行北京的理由，理由充分可信，随后为再续北京之行的时间提出意见。文章要点明确，层次分明，过渡自然，用词讲究，时态语态准确，长短句结合，是一篇上乘之
4、作。【疯狂背诵】请用10分钟背诵范文【还原范文】请将下列句子翻译成英语1亲爱的汤姆：Dear_Tom，2对于下周末不能与你共赴北京深表歉意。Im_writing_to_say_sorry_to_you_because_I_cant_go_on_the_trip_to_Beijing_together_with_you_next_weekend.3正如你所知，我一直忙着为参加一个英语演讲比赛做准备。As_you_know，I_have_been_busy_preparing_for_an_English_speech_contest.4不幸的是，比赛不能如期举行，并且推迟到了下周。Unfortu
5、nately，it_will_not_be_held_as_planned_and_has_been_put_off_to_next_week.5因此，比赛结束前我不能离开。So_I_have_to_stay_until_it_ends.6但是不要失望。But_dont_be_disappointed.7也许我们的旅行可以改期。Maybe_we_can_make_it_another_time_to_have_the_trip.8暑假怎么样？How_about_in_the_summer_vacation?9假期有一个月的时间，我们可以在北京的名胜古迹度过更多的美好时光。It_will_las
6、t_a_month_and_we_will_have_more_time_to_spend_in_places_of_great_interest_in_Beijing.10若有不便，敬请原谅。Please_accept_my_apology_for_any_inconvenience_I_have_caused.11祝周末愉快！May_you_have_a_nice_weekend!12你真诚的李华。Sincerely_yours，Li_Hua.单词默写1pour vi.涌流；倾泻 vt.倒出(液体)2flee vt.&vi.逃避；逃跑；迅速离开3gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地4
7、ruin n废墟；毁坏 vt；破坏；毁灭5powerful adj.强有力的6sailor n税收；海员7carrier n航空母舰；运输设备；运输公司8march vi.&n.前进；进发；游行9ahead adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先10corrupt vt.使腐化，使堕落 adj.贪污的；腐败的11erupt vi.to explode and throw out fire，ash and smoke12disaster na sudden event which causes great loss and harm13expression nthe act of say
8、ing or showing what you think or feel14glory ngreat fame，honor and admiration15judge na person who is appointed to make a decision in a competition.词汇拓展1destroy vt.毁坏；摧毁destruction n破坏；毁灭；摧毁destructive adj.毁灭性的；有害的，消极的2commercial adj.商业的，贸易的commerce n商业，贸易3explode vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸explosive adj.爆炸的
9、4declare vt.宣布，宣告；宣称declaration n宣言，宣布；声明5memorial n纪念馆adj.纪念馆的memory n记忆memorize vt.记住；背熟语境助记词不离句，句不离段The powerful judge sentenced the sailor who is corrupt for hes greedy for the wealth of the carrier.Recently he declared he would be sentenced to 3 years in the prison.短语落实1decorate .with 用装饰2in me
10、mory of 纪念3stand in ones path 阻碍(某人)4remains of buildings 楼房废墟5take over 夺取；接管6no_doubt 无疑；确实7.ahead_of_time 提前8be_aware_of 知道，了解，意识到9raise_up_against 起义；反抗10come_down_with 患(病).句子翻译1In 334BC，he took his army，now with 42，000 men，into the Middle East and then Egypt，defeating every army that stood in
11、his path.(Page 58)公元前334年，他率领当时已达4万2千人的军队进入中东，接着是埃及，兵锋所至，所向披靡。2Then he turned his eyes east，and marched all the way to India，finding victory wherever he went.(Page 58)然后，他又将目光转向东方，长驱直入印度，所到之处，攻无不克，战无不胜。3现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。(Page 42)We_are_in_Italy_now，and_tomorrow_we_are_visiting_Pompeii.4很多人被活埋了，整个城
12、市也被掩埋。(Page 42)Many_people_were_buried_alive，and_so_was_the_city.5人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。(Page 42)People_started_to_dig_in_the_area_for_treasure，which_caused_much_damage.教材设题句型转换(每空不超过3个单词)1Thus，in 1860，the area was put under the government protection so it could be preserved and studied.(教材P42)Thu
13、s，in 1860，the area was_protected_by_/_got_protection_from the government so it could be preserved and studied.2I also saw the people who had been buried alive.(教材P43)I also saw the people buried_alive3The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the ci
14、ty being buried by sandwhat a pity！(教材P43)The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down，causing/which_caused the city to be buried by sandwhat a pity!4Yet，in 323 BC，he came down with a fever and died.(教材P58)Yet，in 323 BC，he had/ran/developed_a_fever and died.5When he was yo
15、ung，he was a brave soldier.(教材P59)When_young/In_his_youth，he was a brave soldier. bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心【课本原句】 Many people were buried alive，and so was the city.(P42)许多人被活埋了，这座城市也不例外。be buried alive 被活埋bury(oneself)in( be buried in) 埋头于；专心于bury sthin sth使某物陷入be buried in 主语往往是人，说明人所处的状态，并不表示被动。类似的
16、还有：be lost in 埋头于；沉迷于be caught in 遇到(雨等)；陷入(圈套)be devoted to 专心于be absorbed in 专心于，全神贯注于be occupied in 忙于，从事看看高考怎么考翻译句子多亏了他做的遇到暴风雨的这个梦。(2011江苏卷 阅读理解A58)Due_to_his_dream_of_being_caught_in_a_rainstorm.他仿佛正在专心思考问题。He_appeared_to_be_absorbed/buried_in_thought._ in his novel，he ran into the cars in fron
17、t of the building.(2012湖南醴陵一中月考)ABuried BCovered CApplied DBusy答案A erupt v(火山)爆发；喷出【课本原句】 On 24th August AD 79，the volcano erupted and lava，ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside.(P42)公元79年8月24日，火山突然爆发，熔岩、火山灰和岩石从火山口喷射到周边的乡村。erupt(火山等)喷发；暴力事件，疾病等) 突然发生erupt into (laughter/sho
18、uting)突然笑/喊起来burst into(sth) 突然开始(尤其是唱歌，哭，笑等)burst out(doing) 突然开始看看高考怎么考翻译句子那个地方火山喷发了好几次。The_volcano_has_erupted_several_times_in_the_area.警察局外突然发生了暴力行为。Violence_erupted_outside_the_police_station.因为丈夫的懒惰她的愤怒终于爆发了。Her_anger_erupted_because_of_her_husbands_laziness. remains n残余物；遗迹；遗体；遗址【课本原句】 Sven
19、found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand，together with a lot of treasures，including coins，painted pots，material such as silk，documents and wall paintings.(P43)斯文发现了埋葬在沙子下面的建筑物遗迹，以及很多诸如钱币，彩绘陶，丝绸，文献和壁画等珍贵文物。remain v保持；仍然是remain vi. 逗留(stay)remaining adj. 剩下的，剩余的remainder(rest)n. 剩余物，剩余部分
20、remainadj./n./adv./doing/done 保持；仍然是remain at/in/with 留在；停留remain to be done 待做It remains to be seen. 尚不确定，说不准It only remains for sb to say. 某人要说的只是The fact remains that. 不能忽略的是看看高考怎么考Although he has taken a lot of medicine，his health remains_poor_(还是很虚弱)Several points remain to_be_solvedsettled(待解决
21、)Mr.smith became an engineer but his brother remained_a_worker(仍然是个工人)The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building_ now.(2010重庆卷单项填空29)Aremains Bis remained Cis remaining Dhas been remained答案A ruin nU毁坏；毁灭；崩溃；C(pl.)废墟；遗迹 v(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭【课本原句】 A scholar f
22、rom the local cultural institute，Professor Zhang，told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan kingdom.(P43)一位当地文化协会的张教授告诉我们大约1900年欧洲探险家斯文赫定发现了楼兰王国的遗址。be in ruins成为废墟；被毁灭；垮掉be the ruin of 成为毁灭(堕落)的原因bring sb to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产come/fall to ruin
23、 毁灭，灭亡ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉辨析 ruin/destroy/damageruin强调该物的使用价值遭到破坏，现在可用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏；弄糟”。destroy多指彻底毁坏以致不能或很难修复。damage(1)多指使用价值有所降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复。(2)作名词时常作不可数名词，常与to连用，do damage to意为“对造成损害”。复数形式damages表示“赔偿金”。He knocked over a bottle of milk and ruined the table
24、cloth.他打翻了一瓶牛奶把桌布弄脏了。The building was destroyed in the earthquake.那座大楼在地震中毁掉了。The bridge was damaged by the flood.桥梁因洪水而受损。看看高考怎么考However，he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business_was_ruined(破产了)in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.(2011山东卷阅读理解A)翻译句子你的汽车有损伤吗？Was_there_a
25、ny_damage_to_your_car?Tom was lucky in the accident，but his _ car is under repair.(2012湖南攸县一中高三上学期期中考试)Aruined BremainedCdestroyed Ddamaged答案D drive v驱使；迫使；驱赶；驾驶，开车【课本原句】 This extreme heat almost drove me crazy.(P48)这高温逼得我要发疯了。drive sb mad/crazy使某人发疯drive sb to_do sth 迫使某人做某事drive out 迫使离开drive off
26、赶跑；驾车离开drive away 赶跑看看高考怎么考I argued，pointing to a very large belly of mine，“I am married.I am having a baby.Why should I have to_have_someone_sign_for_me_to_drive(让人给我签名来叫我驾驶呢)？”(2011辽宁卷 阅读理解A)She usually drives_to_work(开车去上班)The loud music _ me crazy.(2009宿迁统考)Acauses Bresults Cdrives Dleaves答案C co
27、ndition n条件；状况；(pl.)环境；情形；健康状况【课本原句】 Most of them were in good condition.(P51)它们大都状态很好。(be)in good condition状况良好be out of condition 状况不佳on condition that.( only if) 在的条件下，只要unconditional adj. 无条件的看看高考怎么考But spinal cord injuries or other_conditions(其他的情形)can prevent these weak electrical signals from
28、 reaching the muscles.(2011山东卷阅读理解D)However，his visit in his present_condition(目前状况)will disturb the childrens stable(稳定的)life.(2010四川卷阅读理解E)You can go to the party on_condition_that_(只要)you come home before midnight.She is in a poor _of health.As a result，she has to give up her job.(2012辽宁省沈阳二中第3次月
29、考)Aposition Bsituation Cstate Dcondition答案 C declare vt.宣布，宣告；宣称【课本原句】 The next day，US President Franklin Roosevelt declared war against Japan.(P55)第二天，美国总统富兰克林罗斯福对日宣战。declare n.(adj.)宣告declare that 宣告declare against 声明反对declare for 声明赞成declare war on 向宣战declaration n. 宣告；宣言辨析 declare/announce(1)dec
30、lare指在公开场合表明对的态度或指官方或权威者公开而郑重地宣布某事。(2)announce指发布公众感兴趣的事，内容有知识性或权威性，如商品、生产、喜讯等消息。看看高考怎么考The driver declared(被宣称)guilty may be fined a maximum of HK$25，000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 drivingoffence points；or temporarily banned from driving.(2011福建卷 阅读理解A) I stand
31、on the shoulders of my ancestors tragedies anddeclare_victory(宣告胜利)，and know that they are cheering me on.(2011天津卷阅读理解D)Bulgaria _ her independence in 1908.(2012浏阳市一中高三上学期期中考试)Adeclared Bannounced Cgain Dmade答案AAs parents and teachers，you should allow children the space to _ their opinions，even if t
32、hey are different from your own.(2012湖南醴陵一中月考)Aannounce Bsound Cdeclare Dvoice答案D influence n&v.影响【课本原句】 Alexander the Great spread the Greek culture from Europe to Africa and Asia，influencing the world for centuries to come.(P58)亚历山大大帝将希腊文明从欧洲传到非洲和亚洲，影响了世界几个世纪。influence sb sth影响；起作用influence sb to
33、do. 影响某人做have an influence on. 对有影响under the influence of 受的影响；由于的作用be aan. influence on 对产生的影响a man of influence 有权势的人【联想拓展】have an influence on have an effect on have an impact on对有影响；起作用；产生效果看看高考怎么考It seems reasonable to suppose that，in the real world，the opinions of such powerful people still in
34、fluence(影响)the journalists and editors who work for them.(2011上海卷六选五)写作句型演练A number of factors have an influence on the growing speed of a plant.The growing of speed of a plant is_influenced_by a number of factors.He was greatly influenced by his English teacher.His English teacher was a_great_influ
35、ence_on him. take over 夺取；接管【课本原句】 In 89 BC，the Romans took over Pompeii.(P42)公元前89年，罗马人夺取了庞贝。take away拿走take back 收回(所说的话)；退回(某物)take down 拆除，拆毁；记下，写下take in 欺骗；领会，理解take off 起飞；脱下；成功；迅速流行take on 呈现；具有；承担；从事；雇佣，聘用take up 开始爱好(某种活动)；使用；占用(空间或时间)看看高考怎么考Alcohol_is_taken_in(被吸收)more quickly when drunk
36、with fruit juice.(2011福建卷阅读理解A)The plane will take_off(起飞)tonight.(2011湖北卷听力6选项)Some insects_the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.(2011陕西卷单项填空25)Atake in Btake off Ctake on Dtake out答案CWhen she fell ill，her son _ the business.(2012湖南洞口一中高三摸底考试)Atook in Btook careCtook over Dtook awa
37、y 答案C carry out 履行；落实；完成；实施【课本原句】 A surprise attack was carried out there by the Japanese in 1941.(P55)1941年，日本进行了一次突然袭击。carry out a plan实施计划carry out a promise 履行诺言carry out a threat 实行威胁carry out an order 执行命令carry out an experiment(on) 对做实验【联想拓展】carry off成功地完成carry on with sth(doing sth) 继续做某事car
38、ry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关看看高考怎么考Passengers are permitted _only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(2011天津卷单项填空17)Ato carry BcarryingCto be carried Dbeing carried答案AThe managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_ the next year.(2012黑河市一中高三上学期中质量检测试题)Acarry out Bcarrying outCcarrie
39、d out Dto carry out答案CThe news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was _ on the radio yesterday.(2012湖南祁东育贤中学月考)Aturned out Bfound outCgiven out Dcarried out答案C in memory of 纪念【课本原句】 In memory of the Americans who died in attack，a national memorial was built in Pearl Harbor just above the
40、 remains of the Arizona.(P55)为了纪念在袭击中丧生的美国士兵，珍珠港的沉船亚利桑那号的残骸上方建立了一座国家纪念碑。【联想拓展】in praise of 赞美，歌颂in honour of 为了向表示敬意in search of 寻找in charge of 负责in control of 控制in support of 支持in favour of 赞成in place of 代替看看高考怎么考翻译句子He is in_charge_of(负责) the project.They went to the forest in_search_of(寻找)the mur
41、derer.While in London，we paid a visit to the hospital founded_ the nurse Florence Nightingale.(2012湖南津市一中月考)Ain line with Bin favour ofCin honour of Din place of答案C sb /sth is believed 不定式结构句型【课本原句】 It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.(P43)楼兰被认为在公元2
42、00400年期间逐渐被沙尘暴所埋没。此句型是“sb /sth is believed 不定式”结构，在这一结构中，不定式可以用一般式to do，进行式to be doing或完成式to have done。(1)He is_believed_to_be_writing a new novel now.人们相信他现在正在写一部新小说。(2)The passengers on the plane were_believed_to_have_been_killed in the air crash.人们认为飞机上的乘客已经在空难中死去。(3)此句型还可转换为It is believed that .
43、，在这一句型中，it为形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句，且that一般不能省略，意为“人们相信”。It is reported/proved that .据报道/证明It is known that. 众所周知It is supposed/thought/hoped that . 猜测/认为/希望It is suggested that . 人们建议It is required/requested that . 要求【注意】 如果使用表示“建议”、“命令”、“要求”的动词的过去分词如：suggested，ordered，required等时，that从句中的谓语动词用(should)
44、动词原形。看看高考怎么考It_is_reported_that(据报道)a man is threatening to jump from the 20th floor of a downtown building.What are you doing out of bed，Tom? Youre _ to be asleep.(2011辽宁卷单项填空21)Asupposed BknownCthought Dconsidered答案AIt is required that the article _ before Friday.(2012湖南隆回二中月考)Ashould hand in Bbe
45、handed inCwill be handed in Dwill hand in答案B .用所给词的正确形式填空1Such rude things are not allowed to happen in a civilized(civilization)society.2The poor man nearly fell over on the wet ground.Fortunately(fortune)，he was supported by a kind girl.3When the gun was fired，all the birds got frightened and flew
46、 in all directions(direct)4It is said that all the leaders in the Amway company are very wealthy(wealth)5Mary and Jack are fond of visiting places with cultural(culture)relics.How about you?6Do you agree that all parents are concerned(concern)about their childrens future?7Pingyao is known(know)as an
47、 ancient city in China while the West Lake in Hangzhou is famous for its beautiful scenery.8By the way，please tell me the differences and similarities(similar)of these words.9Children are encouraged to use their imagination(imagine)when learning to do some scientific research.10Scientists are intere
48、sted in the discovery(discover)of new chemical elements.同义转换1Unfortunately，all the people were buried alive，and so was the city!Unfortunately，all the people were buried alive，and the city_was_buried_alive，too2I was too tired to eat anything we were given.I was so tired that_I_couldnt eat anything th
49、at we were given.3That didnt prevent the city from being buried by sand.That didnt stop the city being_buried by sand.4The heat almost drove me crazy even though I was wearing very thin cotton trousers to keep me cool.The heat almost made me mad_even_if I was wearing very thin cotton trousers in_ord
50、er to keep me cool.5By 27 BC，Rome had become an empire，which controlled many parts of Europe.By 27 BC，Rome had turned_empire.The _empire controlled many parts of Europe.完成译文1他们也进行了其他的试验。They also carried_out other experiments.2当秋天到来的时候，树叶变成橘黄色、红色和金黄色。When autumn comes，leaves turn_to/into orange，red
51、and gold.3我们对他的健康表示关心。We are_concerned_about his health.4在那位好心老人的带领下，我们在午饭前到了那个遥远的村庄。With_the_kind_old_man showing the way，we arrived at the remote village before lunchtime.5我们给Peter一件好礼物作为对他的合作的回报。We gave Peter a nice present in_return_for his cooperation.单项填空1What are you anxious about?_AIf we suc
52、ceed BThat we can succeed CDo we succeed DWhether we can succeed 答案D答语是个省略句，是I am anxious about whether we can succeed的省略。2What you smell as you sleep may influence your dreams.Smell the flowers before you go to sleep _ you may just end up with rosier dreams.Aand B/ Cor Dbut答案 A句意：睡觉时闻到的东西可能会影响你的梦。睡
53、觉前闻闻花的味道，你可能会做个美好的梦。“祈使句 and陈述句”是固定句型，故选A。3“Terrorists _ war on the United States，and war is what they got，”Bush said.Aattacked Bdeclared Cfought Doffered答案B句意：布什说：“恐怖分子向美国宣战，他们得到的只是战争。”declare war on意思是“向宣战”。4_ late，he also forgot his books.ANot only the boy turned upBNot only the boy turned outCNo
54、t only did the boy show outDNot only did the boy show up 答案D句意：那个男孩不仅晚到了，而且还忘了带他的书。not only放在句首时，句子要倒装，因此排除A、B两项；另外，C项的show out意思是“领回去”，不合句意。D项show up意思是“出现”，符合句意。5In 2008，a terrible earthquake happened in Sichuan Province，_ the people are still suffering.Afrom their effects Bof which effectsCof its
55、 effects Dfrom whose effects 答案D句意：2008年，四川省发生了一场可怕的地震，人们现在还遭受着它的影响。根据句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，因此排除A、C两项；另外，from与suffer构成固定搭配。因此正确答案是D。6The moment the 29th Olympic Games _ open，the whole world cheered.Adeclared Bhave been declaredChave declared Dwere declared答案D句意：宣布第29届奥运会开幕的那一刻，整个世界都欢呼了。declare表示“宣布”，奥运会是被
56、宣布开幕的，因此用被动语态。另外，这里阐述的是过去发生的事实，因此用一般过去时。7Its said that the mosque(清真寺)in Quanzhou _ in a terrible earthquake in the Ming Dynasty.Awas ruined Bhad ruinedChas been ruined Dhad been ruined答案A句意：据说泉州的清真寺在明朝时曾在一次可怕的地震中遭到严重损坏，ruin意思是“毁灭“。根据题意可知，这里应用一般过去时表示过去发生的事情。8His ability has never been in doubtthe qu
57、estion is _ or not he is prepared to work hard.Athat Bif Cwhere Dwhether 答案D句意：他的能力从未受到怀疑问题是他是否愿意努力工作。whether和or not构成固定搭配，表示“是否”。9At the foot of the mountain _Aa village lies Blies a village Cdoes a village Dlying a village答案B句意：山脚下有一个村庄。表示方位的介词短语置于句首时，句子要全部倒装。10The general manager has to retire du
58、e to his illness.Who do you think will _ the business?Atake in Btake up Ctake on Dtake over答案Dtake over的意思是“接管”。11Nowadays some parents are _ about their childrens health，for their children have to do so much homework every day.Ahappy BsatisfiedCconcerned Dcurious答案Cbe concerned about的意思是“担心”，即父母担心孩
59、子们的健康。12Now _ as a hero for the journey into outer space，Yang Liwei has earned much respect from people all over the world.Aknowing Bbeing knownCknown Dhaving known答案Cbe known as意思是“因而出名”，这里用过去分词作状语。13What a pity that the house has to be pulled down！It is still in good _Ause Bcase Clook Dcondition答案
60、Din good condition意思是“状况良好”，即房子状况良好。14The photo _ the memory of the days in Hangzhou，when he was looked after attentively by the peasant.Abrought in Bbrought backCbrought on Dbrought about 答案Bbring in“带来”；bring back “拿回来；使回忆起；使恢复”；bring on“引起，导致；使发展；提出”；bring about “使发生；致使”。根据句子内容可知，B项正确，构成短语bring back the memory，意思是“使回忆起”。其他选项不符合语境。15Mike woke up to find himself _ by flowers.Asurrounding BsurroundedCwas surrounded Dwas surrounding答案Bsurround与himself之间是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词，排除A项；himself不能作主语，这里应用非谓语动词，因而排除C、D两项。故选B。
