1、语法部分专题三不可忽视的小词代词、冠词、介词(短语)第六讲代词学生用书P289单句语法填空1(2020全国卷)Data about the moons composition，such as how much ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether _ (it)plans for a future lunar (月球的)base are practical.解析：考查代词。此处表示“它的计划”，故用形容词性物主代词its。答案：its2(2020新高考山东卷)As well as looking a
2、t exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imagine _(they)living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.解析：考查反身代词。根据语境可知，主语visitors发出的动作imagine作用于自身，此处应用反身代词形式，故答案为themselves。答案：themselves3(2020北京卷)She recognized _(I)potentialand showed me that I could writ
3、e with creativity and enthusiasm.解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处的potential是名词，意为“潜力”，故此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填my。答案：my4(2018全国卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find_(they)alive.解析：考查代词之人称代词。分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作find的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格。they的宾格为them。答案：them5(2018浙江卷)Many westerners who/that come
4、 to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap_can be to eat out.解析：分析句子结构可知，该宾语从句是it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语的句子。答案：it1人称代词与物主代词类别第一人称第二人称第三人称主格(作主语)Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格(作宾语)meusyouyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词(作定语)myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词(作主语、表语或宾语)mineoursyoursyours
5、hishersitstheirsShe was beautiful and could run faster than others.她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。Give me a challenge，and I will meet it with joy.给我一个挑战，我会欣然接受。He invited some friends of his to attend his birthday party.他邀请了他的一些朋友参加他的生日宴会。2反身代词(1)构成：第一、二人称反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加“self”(复数加selves)构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加self
6、(复数加selves)构成。数人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves(2)句法功能：反身代词在句中作宾语、表语或同位语I sincerely hope you will enjoy yourself at the coming evening party.我真诚地希望你在即将到来的晚会上玩得开心。(3)反身代词的习惯用法adapt oneself to适应dress oneself 自己穿衣occupy oneself with 忙于behave yourself 举
7、止规矩有礼devote oneself to 致力于apply oneself to 专心致志于help oneself to 随便吃/用enjoy oneself 玩得开心seat oneself 就座，入席make yourself at home 别客气teach oneself 自学adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于(2017浙江卷6月)“She thought I had hurt myself，”says Pahlsson.“她以为我伤到我自己了。”Pahlsson说。3指示代词this，that，these，those的用法指示代词用法this/these指在
8、时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用What I want to say is this：you should grasp every minute to finish your work.我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。4不定代词(1)the other指两者中的另一个，表示特指。There are two pens here.One is his，and the other is Toms.这儿有两支钢笔，一支是他的，另一支是汤姆的。(2)
9、other作前置定语，修饰可数名词复数，不可单独使用，表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。We study English，maths，Chinese and other subjects.我们学习英语、数学、语文以及别的学科。(3)others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用结构：some.others.；而the others表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。Some like staying at home at the weekend；others like going to the cinema.一些人喜欢周末待在家里，另一些人喜欢去看电影。(4)another泛指同类的人或物，指三者或
10、三者以上的另一个，可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。I dont like this book.Please give me another one.我不喜欢这本书，请再给我一本。5不定代词both，all，either，any，neither，none都任何一个都不(全部否定)部分否定两者botheitherneithernot eitherboth和not连用三者或三者以上allanynonenot anyall和not连用Niki is always full of ideas，but none is useful to my knowledge.Niki总是很有想法，但据我所知没一个是
11、有用的。(单句语法填空)1(2021四川绵阳第二次诊断)The young policeman was touched by _(they)loss and sadness，and said that he was more than willing to act as their son.解析：考查代词。句意：这位年轻的警察被他们的失子之痛所触动根据空后的loss and sadness(名词短语)可知，该空应填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。答案：their2(2021南昌一模)The village of Zhouzhuang in Jiangsu calls _(it)“the
12、 oldest water town in China”解析：考查反身代词。句意：江苏周庄自称“中国最古老的水乡”。用反身代词itself作calls的宾语。答案：itself3(2021安徽六校第二次联考)It falls on the first Saturday in April._(it)aim is to honor and celebrate Americas children and stress the importance of love as they grow up.解析：考查代词。句意：该节日的目的是对美国儿童表示庆祝，让人们重视“爱中成长”的重要性。设空处修饰名词ai
13、m，联系上两句可知，此处表示此节日的目的，表示所属关系，指物，故用形容词性物主代词，又因设空处在句首，首字母要大写，故填Its。答案：Its4(2021济南市高三质量评估)The scientists say an area of the brain assigns memories to smells and stores _ (they)for decades.解析：考查代词。此处应用they的宾格形式作动词smells和stores的宾语。故填them。答案：them5(2021湖南长郡中学检测)However，quite a few others，especially_in the c
14、ountryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处指那些在农村地区的人，表示复数，故填代词those。答案：those6(2021南昌一模)The village of Zhouzhuang in Jiangsu calls _(it) “the oldest water town in China”解析：考查反身代词。句意：江苏周庄自称“中国最古老的水乡”。用反身代词itself作calls的宾语。答案：itself1it作人称代词的用法
15、(1)it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。(2)it指时间、距离、天气等。Its about 112 miles from London to Birmingham.从伦敦到伯明翰大约有112英里。2用于某些句型Its (about/high)timethat从句某人(早)该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时，有时也用“should动词原形”)Its the fi
16、rst/second.timethat sb.has/have done这是某人第几次做某事Its时间段since从句自从有多长时间了Its时间段before从句过了多长时间才As far as I know，it is 8 years since his father passed away.据我所知，自从他父亲去世已经八年了。3it作形式主语(宾语)的用法it常作形式主语(宾语)，替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。(1)it作形式主语的句型Itbeadj.(for sb.)to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnec
17、essary，possible等。As far as Im concerned，its necessary to have a good command of English.就我个人看来，掌握英语是必要的。Itbeadj.of sb.to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind，nice，wise，silly，polite，impolite，friendly，foolish，clever等。It is silly of you to give up such a good chance.放弃这么好的一次机会你真傻。Itben.(for sb./
18、sth.)to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有：pity，shame，pleasure，fun，joy，good manners，bad manners等。It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.年轻人占据老年人座位没有礼貌。Itbeadj./n.doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有：no/little use，no/much good，useless，fun等。It is no good living alone without keeping in touch wit
19、h others.独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without.为真正的主语)Itben./adj.主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strangethat从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”，且should可以省略。Its necessary and important that we should master the skills of operating computers.我们应该掌握电脑操作技术，这有必要而且非常重要。(2)it作形式宾语的情况主语believe/fi
20、nd/feel/think/guess/suppose/makeitadj./n.不定式/动名词/从句。No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like，dislike，hate，appreciate，depend on，rely on，count on等。I would appreciate it if you could take my suggestion
21、 into consideration.如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟的。(单句语法填空)1(2021合肥市高三第一次质量检测)_ took artist Guo Feng two months to complete the black and white painting named Yongsheng in Chinese，meaning living forever.解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，
22、该句真正的主语为“to complete the.meaning living forever”，空处作形式主语，所以填It。答案：It2(2021岳阳市质量检测二)Its no surprise that smartwatches are so popular nowadays_ seems that everyone wants to buy one!解析：考查代词。句意：智能手表如今如此流行一点都不奇怪仿佛每个人都想买一块智能手表。“It seems that.”为固定句式，意为“仿佛”，it在该句式中作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语，故填it。答案：it3(2021安庆市二模
23、)Every new year in the heartland of industrial China，thousands upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road，determined to make _ home.解析：考查代词。句意：每年春节，在中国工业的中心地带，成千上万的骑摩托的人不畏寒冷的天气，骑摩托上路，下定决心回家。make it to sp.为固定搭配，意为“成功到某地”，home为副词，不与介词连用，make it home意为“成功到家”，故填it。答案：it4(2021东营市一
24、模)_ is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.解析：考查代词。句意：人们普遍认为，在我们的教育体制里，社会经济背景不佳的年轻人往往会表现欠佳。it作形式主语，“that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system”为主语从句，是真正的主
25、语。 答案：It5(2020太原市高三年级模拟三)For example，_ is illegal to feed pigeons on the streets of San Francisco.解析：考查代词。此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语为to feed pigeons on the streets of San Francisco，所以填it。答案：it6(2021豫南九校第一次联考)But todays clothing industry has made_easier for people to keep up with changes in fashion without ha
26、ving to spend a great amount of money.解析：考查代词。句意：但今天的服装业使得人们不用花很多钱就能更容易地跟上时尚的变化。分析句子成分可知，本句中真正的宾语是动词不定式短语to keep up with changes in fashion.，设空处是形式宾语，故填it。答案：it7(2021安庆模拟)He admitted that when _came to repairing a computer，he had little knowledge of it.解析：考查代词。句意：他承认，当说到维修电脑时，他对此一无所知。when it comes t
27、o.意为“当说到”，为固定句型，故填it。答案：it熟记代词固定搭配both.and.两者都neither.nor. 既不也不either.or. 或者或者for one thing.for another. 一则再则It takes sb.some time to do sth. 花费某人时间做某事As a matter of fact，it takes great courage to tell the truth.事实上，说实话需要很大的勇气。(单句语法填空)1(2021福州期末)And the hutong today is fading into the shade for_tour
28、ists and local people.解析：考查固定搭配。both.and.为固定搭配，意为“两者都”。答案：both2(2021洛阳市第一次统考)The tour guide told us there were almost 8，700 rooms in the Palace Museum.During the Ming Dynasty，construction began in 1406._took 14 years to build the Forbidden City.解析：考查固定句型。“It takes sb.time to do sth.”为固定句型，意为“花费某人多长时
29、间做某事”，故此处应用It作形式主语。答案：It3(2021广州调研)Microbes cant survive on_(they)own.They need food.解析：考查代词。on ones own为固定用法，意为“单独地，独自地”。答案：their4(2021泰安模拟)As far as I am concerned，cycling is a good solution.For one thing，bicycles dont need any petrol and they are energysaving.For_，bicycles are environmentally friendly because they wont give off waste gas.解析：句意为：在我看来，骑自行车是一个不错的解决方案。一方面，自行车不需要汽油，并且节能；另一方面，自行车也很环保，因为它们不会释放任何废气。for one thing，for another表示“一方面，另一方面”。答案：another
