1、Unit 4 Earthquakes全员探究Warming up1. Describe to your partner what might happen to all the things in the photos.向你的合作伙伴描述图画中的事物会发生什么情况。要点导航 describe sth. to sb.向某人描述。例如：Can you describe the man to me? 你可以把那个人描述给我听吗？ describe + wh-clause 描述。例如：Please describe exactly _. 请把发生的事原原本本说出来。 describe doing st
2、h.描述做过某事。例如：Several people described seeing strange lights in the sky.好几个人都说看到天上出现了奇异光芒。 describe sth./sb. as 把描述为。例如：He described himself as a doctor.他自称是医生。Jim was described by his workmates as _. 吉姆被同事们称为不寻常的人。思维拓展 description UC 记述，叙述，描写。例如：Please give me a brief description of the accident. 请简短
3、地叙述这个意外事件给我听。The lady was beautiful beyond description. 这位女士美得难以用笔墨形容。问题探究 有些及物动词如describe, explain等，其后跟双宾语时，只能用“及物动词直宾to间宾”结构而不能用“及物动词间宾直宾”结构。具有这种用法的动词还有哪些？你能各举出一个例句吗？提示：具有这种用法的动词还有declare，announce，report，murmur，introduce，say，suggest，whisper等。Pre-reading 2. Imagine your home begins to shake and you
4、 must leave it right away. 想象一下，你的住房开始震动而你又必须马上离开。(1) imagine imagine + nimagine + doingimagine+sb +doing思维拓展imagine 所接的宾语从句为否定意义时，要否定主句的谓语动词，即否定的转移，类似的相同用法的词有think, believe, supper, expect等。并且imagine的主语是第一称时。I dont imagine that he is so clever.我想他并不那么聪明。I _ _ he _ right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？imagine sb
5、. to be 想像某人 believe sb. to be 相信某人think sb. to be 认为某人 consider sb. to be 认为某人(2) shakeshake v.& n.(shook, shaken) 摇动，震动，颤动。例如：Shake the bottle well before use. 使用前摇匀瓶内物品。She bent down to shake a pebble out of her shoe. 她弯下腰，把鞋里的一粒石子都出来。She shook her hair loose. 她头一摇，头发就散开了。 思维拓展译成汉语：shake your hea
6、d_ shake hands with sb._ shake your fist at sb_(3) right away要点导航 right away 立刻，马上。例如：Ill ring him up right away.我马上就给他打电话。Youd better do it right away.你最好马上就做那件事。思维拓展 你知道right away的同义词语还有哪些吗？_-Reading3. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。(
7、1) rise (rose; risen)要点导航 rise vi.上升；升起；起身。n.上升；增加；上涨。例如：Smoke was _the chimney. 烟从烟筒里升起。Im going to ask for a rise. 我打算要求加薪。思维拓展 rise, raise, arise都表示“升高，提高”的意思，区别如下：rise是不及物动词，也可作名词，使用较广，可指太阳、月亮、物价、数量、河水、地位等“升起，增长，上升，发源”，还可指人“起床，起立”等，其过去式、过去分词为rose和risen。例如：Prices are rising quickly. 物价不断上涨。There
8、will be a rise unemployment next year. 明年失业人数将会增加。raise是及物动词，意为“提高，举起，抚养，筹捐等”，表示工资、数量、价格、容量、地位等，其过去式、过去分词为raised和raised。例如：I plan to _to set up a school. 我计划筹募基金建一所学校。He was raised from clerk to manager. 他由职员提升为经理。arise是不及物动词，表示“出现，发生，起因于”，过去式和过去分词为arose和arisen。例如：A heavy mist arose from the lake. 湖
9、面升起了浓雾。 New problems arise every day. 新问题每天都会出现。问题探究the rising sun_；the risen sun_.4.A smelly gas came out of the cracks. 裂缝里冒出臭气。要点导航 smelly adj.发臭的，有臭味的。例如：smelly feet/cheese 臭脚；难闻的奶酪思维拓展 smell既可作实意动词，又可作系动词，注意各自的用法。smell v.闻，闻到，嗅到（不用于进行时态，常与can或could连用）。例如：He said he could smell gas when he enter
10、ed the room. 他说一进屋就闻到煤气味。Can you smell something burning? 你有没有闻到什么东西烧糊了？smell link v. 闻起来，有气味（接adj、like或of短语作表语）.Dinner smells _. 饭菜闻起来很香。The air smells of paint. 空气里有一股油漆味。What does the perfume smell like? 这种香水闻起来像什么？问题探究 smelly为“名词 + y”构成的形容词，以这种方式构成的形容词还有哪些？提示：rainy, windy, snowy, cloudy, stormy,
11、 sunny, funny, noisy, lucky, healthy, thirsty, hungry, angry等。5.Fish jumped out of bowls and ponds.鱼缸和池塘里的鱼往外跳。要点导航 out of sth. 从里面出来（为复合介词结构）。例如：run out of_ jump out of _-come out of _fall out of _knock out of_思维拓展 out of还有“没有，缺少；超出；原因”等含义。例如：out of work out of dangerout of ones reach out of sighto
12、ut of question out of pityout of the question out of order6. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。要点导航 burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂，爆发。n.突然破裂，爆发。例如： That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more. 你再给气球充气，它就要爆了。The dam burst under the weight of water. 大
13、坝在水的巨大压力下溃决了。思维拓展 burst vi.猛冲；突然起来，使突然起来。burst out doing burst into sthburst into_/burst out _.突然大笑起来burst into _/burst out _突然大哭起来7. But one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night.唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常上床睡觉了。要点导航 think nothing/little
14、of 对等闲视之、满不在乎。例如：She _ walking 30 miles a day. 她认为一天步行三十英里不足为奇。The other scholars _ the theory.其他学者忽视他的理论。思维拓展 think much/highly of 重视，看重speak highly of/speak ill ofThey didnt think much of the plan. 他们觉得这计划不怎么样。I dont _him because he is dishonest. 我对他评价不高，因为他不诚实。问题探究 think ofas何意？其同意词语还有哪些？提示：表示“把当
15、作，认为是”之意，其同义词语还有：_8. It seemed that the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。要点导航 at an end 结束，终结（常作表语）。例如：The war was finally at an end. 战争终于结束了。思维拓展 come to an end 完毕，结束；draw to an end 接近尾声；bringto an end 使终止；put an end to 使终止；make an end of （文语）把终止。例如：The meeting came to an end at midnight. 那次会议进行至深夜才结束
16、。I wonder how I can bring their dispute to an end. 我不知如何才能使他们终止纷争。They should put an end to that ridiculous war. 他们应该终止那场荒谬的战争了。问题探究 at the end_ in the end_ on end_ 9. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty metres wide cut across house, roads and canals.一条8公里长30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。要点导航
17、 cut across/through 横过，穿越；抄近道。例如：The road _the forest. 这条路横穿森林。A brook cuts through the field. 一条小溪穿过田野。I usually _the park on my way home. 我回家常抄近道，从公园里头走。思维拓展 比较掌握下列词语的用法： cut off切断，砍掉；切断（电力、自来水等）供应。cut in插嘴，插入（其后可接on）。cut down砍伐，砍倒（树木）；减少，使减价。cut up切碎，剁碎（其后可接into）。问题探究 Her baby is cutting a tooth_
18、10.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死伤的人数达到40多万。要点导航 the number of意为“的数量、数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数；a number of意为“一些，很多”，修饰复数名词，置于主语前作定语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：The number of competitors_参赛者的数量是有限的。A number of problems have arisen.已经出现了一些问题。思维拓展 a large number of大量的；a small number
19、of少量的；the largest number of最大数量的。例如：A large number of people _the job.很多人申请了这工作。Chinese has the largest number of speakers in the world.世界上说汉语的人最多。问题探究 请用number翻译：你班学生有多少？_11.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，哪里一切都几乎被毁坏了。 要点导航 destroy vt.破坏，毁坏，消灭。例如：The fire destroyed a
20、ll my books.这场大火毁了我的全部书籍。All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal.他回信拒绝，使我全部的希望完全破灭。思维拓展 destroy, ruin, damage都有“损坏，毁坏”之意，但用法各异。destroy表示“破坏、摧毁”，用于一种外力粉碎、摧毁、杀戮、消灭某物的场合，常含有损坏严重、难以修复之意，也可指希望、计划等打破。例如：His hope of being a writer was destroyed.他当作家的希望破灭了。ruin指“毁灭，灭亡”，表示破坏严重，以致不能修复。现在多用于借喻中，表示
21、希望、前程的破灭，健康遭到毁坏等。例如：The bad weather ruined our trip.天气恶劣，破坏了我们的旅行。I was ruined by that law case.我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。damage指价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复。例如：The heavy rain damaged many houses.大雨损坏了许多房子。问题探究 An atom bomb would _a city.一颗原子弹可以摧毁一座城市。Too much smoking will_.抽烟过多会损坏你的身体。The storm _many building
22、s.12.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。 要点导航 useless adj.无用的；无效的，无益的。It is useless to do/doing sth.做某事是无用的。例如：These books are useless to me.这些书对我都没用。It is useless to talk/talking with him.跟他谈是没用的。She tried to work, but it was useless.她很想做事，但力不从心。思维拓展 It is useless to do
23、/doing sth.与下面两个句型同义：It is no use doing sth.做某事是无用的；There is no use doing sth.做某事是徒然的。例如：Its no use _覆水难收，悔恨无益。There is no use _.劝告他只是白费力气。Whats the use of worrying about it? 为此事操心有什么用？问题探究 -less为形容词后缀，意思是“没有，无”。你能举出一些以-less结尾的形容词吗？_13.People were shocked.人们惊呆了。要点导航 shock vt.（使）震惊，（使）惊愕。用法如下： shock
24、sb.使某人感到震惊，使某人惊愕。例如：It shocks you when something like that happens.发生这样的事，令人感到震惊。 be shocked at/by 令人震惊。例如：He _.这消息使他感到震惊。I was shocked at this sudden change in their attitude.他们态度突然改变，使我感到震惊。be shocked to do/that-clause 因感到震惊。例如：I was shocked _.听到他辞职的消息，我深感意外。思维拓展 shock CU 震惊，（精神上）打击；U休克。例如：The new
25、s of his death came as a shock to us all.他的死讯传来，我们大家都感到震惊。It was _for him when his wife died. 他妻子的死对他是一个沉重的打击。14.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。要点导航 1) rescue U 救援，营救；C 营救行动。例如：rescue vt.营救，援救（常与from搭配）。例如：We rescued the boy from drowning.我们把那位溺水
26、的男孩救起来。The firemen _.消防队员从失火的房子里救出一个婴儿。2) trap (trapped; trapped) be trapped in被困住 类似于get caught in 遭遇到15.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.救援人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。该句中and连接两个平行的不定式短语to dig out和to bury，those为先行词，被who引导的定语从句所修饰。(1) organize要点导航 organize
27、vt.& vi组织；组织起来。例如：He was active in _student meetings.他积极组织学生集会。The story is _.这个故事组织得很好。“Dont mourn for me. Organize!” These were his last words.“不要为我悲痛，组织起来！”这就是他最后的遗言。思维拓展 organized adj.有组织的；有条理的；有安排的。例如：an organized body of workers 一个有组织的工人团体organized crime 有组织的犯罪a _ campaign 精心策划的运动a well-organi
28、zed office 井然有序的办公室问题探究 the World Health Organization_注意organize的名词为organization，意为“组织，机构；组织工作，筹备工作”等。(2) dig out要点导航 dig out挖掘出；发现。dig for挖寻 例如：Lets -_.咱们把根挖出来。More than a dozen people were dug out of the coal mine alive.十多个埋在煤矿下的人活着被挖了出来。I went to the attic and dug out Granddads medals.我到阁楼里发现了祖父的
29、勋章。问题探究挖金子_；挖野菜_。 (3) bury要点导航 bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏。burial n. 例如：She was buried beside her husbands brave.她被安葬在丈夫的坟旁。The miners _when the tunnel collapsed.坑道塌方，矿工都被活埋。思维拓展 be buried in/bury oneself in 埋头于，专心于。例如：He _.他埋头工作。She always has her head buried in a book.她总是埋头读书。问题探究 burial ground_；burial servi
30、ce_。(4) the dead要点导航 the dead死难者。the dead后面一般接复数动词。例如：The dead are always remembered by the living.死去的人总是被活着的人所怀念。思维拓展“the + adj.”表示一类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数。常见的这类词有：the poor, the rich, the sick, the dead, the young, the wise, the deaf, the blind, the learned, the wounded, the aged, the killed, the living, th
31、e dying, the English, the French, the Chinese等。Learning about Language16. seventy-five percent百分之七十五要点导航 percent C 百分之。构成“数词 + of + 名词”结构，表示具体的百分数。本结构中的名词如果是单数，谓语动词就要用单数；如果是复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：About seventy percent of the earth _covered by water.地球表面的70%被水覆盖着。Thirty percent of the students_ from the count
32、ryside.30%的学生来自乡下。思维拓展 percent和percentage这两个词的结构相同，但用法有异。percent意为“百分之”，总是放在数字之后。percentage意为“百分比，百分率”，前面常有large, small, great, high, what等，但不可用数字修饰，后面常跟“of + 名词”。有不定冠词或what时，句中谓语动词的单复数要根据of后的名词而定。例如：The percentage of the failures _very small.不及格的百分率很低。What percentage of the students _ absent?旷课的学生占
33、百分之几?A large percentage of school-books now_ pictures.现在大部分教科书有插图。Using Language17. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的那篇是今年收到的演讲稿中最好的一篇。要点导航 all of whom 这是一个定语从句，“介词+which/ whom”引导的定语从句（1）介词的选择：根据动词形容词词组的固定搭配，
34、弄清“介词+which/ whom”在从句的作用与含义（2）有些“介词which”可以与相应的副词或关系代词相互转换。The pencil-box on which I spent 10 yuan is lost. 我花十元钱买的文具盒丢了。（spendon ）The children with whom I played in my childhood have grown up now.我童年时代一起玩耍的孩子们已经长大了。（play with）judge C 裁判员；法官。例如：He was a judge of(at) a speech contest 他是演讲比赛的裁判。The ju
35、dge sentenced him to five years in prison.法官判他五年监禁。思维拓展 judge v.判断，断定，判决。用法如下： judge sb./sth. 对下判断。例如：You cant _.你不该以貌取人。Schools should not be judged only on exam results.学校的好坏不能仅凭考试结果来评判。 judge that-clause/wh-clause 判断，认为Can you judge_? 你能鉴定哪双鞋子最好吗? judge it + (to be) + adj./n.认为是。例如：We judged it b
36、etter not to make a hasty decision.我们认为最好不要匆忙做出决定。 judging from/by 根据来判断（作插入语）。例如：_, he must be an honest man.从他说的话来判断，他一定是个诚实的人。judging from 引导的是一个独立成分，不能改为judged，因为它表示的是说话人的一种态度。独立成分，在句中形式一般不变：to tell you the truth 跟你说实话吧 generally speaking 一般地讲Judging from his accent, he must be from Hunan. 听他的口音
37、，他准是湖南人。问题探究 She was asked to judge the essay competition._18. Your parents and your school should be very proud of you! 你的父母和你的学校为你感动自豪。要点提示(1) proud adj. 自豪的，满意的，引此为荣的，pride为其名词形式be proud of 以而自豪We _ _ _ _ Chinese. 我们作为中华儿女而自豪。归纳拓展be proud of = take pride in(doing) sth.with pride = proudly 自豪的 be
38、proud to do/be sth. 以而自豪He _ _ _ his achievements. 他对自己的成就感到自豪。She _ _ _ _part of such a project. 她为自己能加入这样的项目而感到自豪。19. Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster.下个月我们市将开放一个新公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们。要点导航 honour vt.尊敬；给以荣誉。常用于以下结构： honour sb.(with sth.) 给予
39、某人荣誉，使某人感到荣幸。例如：Will you honour me with a visit? 如蒙光临，十分荣幸。Im glad to see that youve decided to honour us with your presence.很高兴看到你已决定大驾光临。 be/feel honoured (to do sth.) （因做某事）感到荣幸。例如：We would be honoured if you would visit us.倘蒙光临寒舍实不胜荣幸之至。I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech.他在讲话中提到
40、了我，真是荣幸。思维拓展 honour U尊敬，敬意，荣誉；C引以为荣的人或事物（与to搭配）。例如：I have cooked a special meal _our visitors. 我做了一道特殊的菜向我们的来客表示敬意。We should work hard to _our motherland. 我们应努力为祖国争光。Hes an honour to his parents.他的父母以他为荣。问题探究 你知道We request the honour of your company at dinner这句话如何翻译吗？ 提示：谨备便酌，敬请光临（请柬用语）。20. Describe
41、 your feelings about the city, which is known as the “Brave City of China”.描述你对这座城市的感情，这城市以“中国的勇敢之城”而著称。be known as 作为而闻名（be famous as）be known for 以而闻名be known to sb. 为而熟悉She was _ _an excellent dancer. 她作为一名优秀的舞蹈家而闻名。He _ _ _ the police _ a thief. 警察都知道他是个小偷。Hangzhou_ _ _the West Lake. 杭州以西湖而闻名。Sh
42、e is always ready to help others,_ _ _ _all.众所周知，他乐于助人。21. An outline will prepare you to write a better story.文章概要会使你做好准备，写出更好的故事。要点导航 prepare vt.准备，预备。用法如下： prepare sb. to do sth.为某人做某事而准备。例如：Mother is preparing Father to enter the hospital.母亲正在为父亲入院作准备。 prepare to do sth.准备做。例如：Have you prepared
43、to go on a trip? 你已准备好去旅行了吗？ prepare sb./sth. for sth.为而准备。例如：I prepared my speech for the meeting.我为集会准备演讲稿。 prepare (for) sth.为而准备。例如：we must prepare (for) the party.我们必须为聚会做准备。思维拓展 prepare vt.准备做（饭菜）；配制。可接双宾语。例如：How do you prepare the fish? 你怎样做鱼？Ill prepare a meal tonight.今晚我要做晚餐。She prepared lu
44、nch for her father.她为她的父亲做午餐。问题探究 你能说出be prepared for/be prepared to do的同义短语马？ 提示：be ready for/be ready to doThe teacher prepared the students for the exams.老师让学生们为考试作准备。Working on a part-time basis can prepare them for a future career.打工为大学生将来的工作作好准备。Prepare to meet your fate.准备面对命运。We must be prep
45、ared for all contingencies.我们要作好各种准备,以防意外。The team prepared themselves for defeat / to accept defeat.这个队心理上做好了接受失败的准备。22. The cyclists hope to raise money to help thousands of blind children in Tibet to learn better.这些乘车者希望筹集资金来帮助西藏成千上万的盲人儿童改善学业。要点导航 thousands of 成千上万的（后接可数名词复数）。例如：There were _ ther
46、e.那里有成千上万的人。_fell down in the earthquake.成千栋建筑物在地震中倒塌了。思维拓展 基数词的复数形式可用来表示不确定的数目，常用的表达形式还有：tens of/decades of 几十，数十hundreds of 几百，数百，数以百计的thousands ofmillions of 数百万tens of thousands ofhundreds of thousands of 数十万问题探究 数词除了表示数量概念外，在英语习语、谚语中还有种种妙用，试翻译： One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys
47、no boy. Two dogs strive for a bone and the third runs away with it. The first step being taken, the rest is easy. Two heads are better than one. Kill two birds with one stone.提示： 一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。 鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。 迈出第一步，以后就顺当（万事开头难）。 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。 一箭双雕（一举两得）。全员探究1. what happened; unusual2. 摇头；与某人握手；
48、挥拳（表威胁）；right now, at once, immediately, in a minute, without delay.3. rising from, raise funds;正在升起的太阳；已经升起的太阳。4. nice/delicious5. 跑出；跳出；出来；掉出；敲出。失业；够不着；没问题；不可能；脱离危险；看不见；出于同情；打乱次序。6. laughter, laughing, tears, crying7. thinks nothing of, thought little of, think highly of, consideras, look on as, t
49、ake as, regard as, treatas.8. 最终；最后；竖起，连续地。9. cut across; cut across;她的孩子在长新牙。10. is limited; have applied for; whats the number of the students in your class?11. destroy; ruin your health; damaged.12. crying over spilt milk; advising him.13. was shocked by the news; to hear that he was resigned; a
50、great shock14. rescue a baby from the burning house15. organizing; well organized; carefully organized; 世界卫生组织；dig out the roots; dig for gold; dig for wild vegetables; were buried alive; buried himself in his work;墓地；葬礼。16. is; are; is; were; have.17. judge a person by his appearance; which shoes are best; Judging from what he said; 担任裁判。18. in honour of; win honour for;19. thousands of people; Thousands of buildings
