1、Unit 1 Great scientistsUnit 1 Great scientists提到查尔斯理查德德鲁这个名字，人们知之甚少。被誉为“血库之父”的他，是建立血库的第一人。他发明了保存血浆的方法，为世界的医学发展做出了巨大的贡献。Unit 1 Great scientistsDr.Charles Richard Drew,Father of the Blood BankCharles Richard Drew was a famous African-American doctor and scientist.His work on blood banks helped save th
2、ousands of lives during World War.Unit 1 Great scientistsCharles Richard Drew was born in 1904 in Washington,DC.His main interest was in sports when he was young.He won many medals for swimming.Later,he focused his attention on track,basketball,and football.During college,Charles became interested i
3、n medicine.He attended medical school at McGill University in Canada.In 1933,he received his Doctor of Medicine degree.Unit 1 Great scientistsAs a doctor and researcher,Charles was absorbed in research on blood transfusions(输血)Through his study,he found that blood plasma(血浆)could be successfully use
4、d instead of whole blood.He wrote up the results which were published(发表)in a report.During World War ，Charles worked with the British.He helped them develop the blood bank.He organized the collection of blood plasma from different hospitals.The lifesaving plasma saved many wounded people in the war
5、.He also helped theAmerican Red Cross develop a blood bank.Around this time,Charles became known as the“father of the blood bank”Unit 1 Great scientistsCharles life was cut short by a car accident in 1950.However,his legacy(遗产)is still alive and well today.Charles name appears on a great number of s
6、chools and organizations across the country.In 1981,his photo appeared in the United States Postal Services Great Americans stamp series.At Amherst,a beautiful brick house is named in memory of his outstanding achievements.The American Red Cross Charles Drew Institute in Biomedical Services is also
7、named after him.Unit 1 Great scientistsSection Warming Up&ReadingComprehendinganalysedefeatexpert重点单词写作词汇1_ vt.分析2_ vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n.失败3_ adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n.专家；行家attendphysicianexposecuresuspect4_ vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加5_ n.医生；内科医师6_ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光7_ n.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗8_ vt.认为；怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯severeforeseeblamehandlelin
8、k9_ adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的10_ vt.预见；预知11_ vt.责备；谴责n.过失；责备12_ n.柄；把手vt.处理；操纵13_ vt.&n.连接；联系painterscientificconcludeabsorb拓展词汇14_ n画家；油漆匠paint v绘画；涂paintingn油画；水彩画15_ adj.科学的science n科学scientist n科学家16_ vt.&vi.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束17_ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心absorbed adj.全神贯注的；一心一意的polluteannouncechallengecertainty18
9、_ vt.污染；弄脏pollution n污染19_ vt.宣布；通告announcement n公告；宣布announcer n播音员；宣告者20_ n挑战 vt.向挑战challenging adj.挑战性的21_ n确信；确实certain adj.确实的；肯定的certainly adv.确定；肯定特征；特性镭传染；感染致命的爆发；发作阅读词汇22characteristic n_23radium n._24infect vt._25deadly adj._26outbreak n._受害者询问附近；邻近泵；抽水机(用泵)抽(水)微生物；细菌27victim n_28enquiry n
10、._29neighbourhood n._30pump n._vt._31germ n._put forwarddraw a conclusionexpose.tobe determined to do sth.face a challenge重点短语1_提出；推荐2_得出结论3_使显露；暴露4_ 决心做某事5_面临挑战mark.on.be to blamelink.to.look intoslow down6_ 在上把标出来7_该受责备；应负责8_将和联系或连接起来9_调查10_减速；减缓Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.every
11、time there was an outbreakso severe that重点句型1neither.nor.既不也不_(人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治愈方法。)2every time 引导的时间状语从句So many thousands of terrified people died _(每次爆发霍乱时)3so.that.如此以至于，引导结果状语从句In two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was _(如此严重以至于)more than 500 people died in ten days.had it deliveredbe
12、 examined4have宾语宾语补足语A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water from the pump so much that she _(派人送)to her house every day.5suggest that sb.(should)do sth.,suggest 表示“建议”To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _(要经过检测)Fast
13、-readingSkim the text and choose the best answer.1Whats the main idea of the passage?AJohn Snow was a wellknown doctor in London.BThe cause of cholera was polluted water.CThe source of all drinking water should be examined.DHow John Snow collected,analyzed data and found the cause of the disease and
14、 solved it.答案：D2Find out the main idea(or topic sentence)of each paragraph：Para.1()A John Snows suggestions for preventing cholera.Para.2()BAn analysis of John Snows map.Para.3()CExtra evidence showed that polluted water carried the virus.Para.4()DTwo theories possibly explaining how cholera killed
15、people.Para.5()EA brief introduction of John Snow and cholera.Para.6()FJohn Snow found the cause of the disease.Para.7()GJohn Snow began to gather information to prove the second theory was correct.答案：EDGBFCA Careful-readingRead the text and choose the best answer.1Why did John Snow attend Queen Vic
16、toria as her personal physician？ABecause he was wellknown all over the world.BBecause he was expert at medical science.CBecause he was an old doctor.DBecause Queen Victoria liked him very much.2Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in?AA cloud of dangerous gas would float around unti
17、l it found its victims.BPeople absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.CPeople got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger.DPeople suffered from cholera because they were not clean.3How did he find out the cause of the disease?ABy living in the area where cholera broke out.BBy m
18、arking on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.CBy telling the terrified people how to prevent it.DBy saving the dying people suffering from cholera.4How was“King Cholera”defeated?ABy not polluting the river again.BBy eating healthy diets.CBy delivering the water from other riv
19、ers.DBy stopping drinking the polluted water.答案：14.BBBD Study-readingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.时间状语定语翻译 但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奋。2He became interested in two theories that po
20、ssibly explained how cholera killed people.two theories主语宾语本句是一个主从复合句。主句是 He became interested in two theories;that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词_，且在从句中作_。该定语从句中又包含一个由 how 引导的_从句。翻译 他对两种可能解释霍乱如何致人死亡的看法产生了兴趣。3A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered
21、to her house every day.A woman结果状语本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主干是 A woman liked the water;who 引导非限制性定语从句，对_进行补充说明。so.that.在此引导_从句。had it delivered 是 have sth.done 结构，在此意为“让/请别人做某事”。翻译 有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她非常喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，因此每天都要让人把水运到她家。defeatdIfitvt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n失败experteksptadj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n.专家；行家attendtendvt.照顾；护理；出席；
22、参加physicianfIzInn.医生；内科医师inspirednspadadj.感到振奋的，受到鼓舞的exposeIkspzvt.暴露；揭露；使曝光expose.to 使显露；暴露deadlydedlIadj.致命的curekjn.疗法；治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗terrifiedterfadadj.恐惧的，很害怕的outbreakatbreIkn.爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)challengetlIndn.挑战 vt.向挑战multiplymltplav.繁殖，增殖victimvIktImn.受害者absorbbzbvt.吸收；吸引；使专心absorb.into.将吸入suspects
23、spektvt.认为；怀疑sspektn.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯hithtv.打击，危害；攻击，袭击enquiryInkwaIrIn.调查；询问severesIvIadj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的markmkv.做标记clueklun.线索；提示pumppmpn.泵；抽水机 vt.(用泵)抽(水)foreseefsivt.(foresaw，foreseen)预见；预知furtherf(r)adj.更进一步的investigationIn vestIeInn.调查investigatenvestetvt.&vi.调查blamebleImvt.责备；谴责 n.过失；责备look into 调查；审查han
24、dlehndln柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵slow down 放慢速度，减缓germdmn.病菌微生物；细菌supportingspt adj.能确证的supporting evidence 有力的证据be linked to 与有关linklIkvt.&n.连接；联系link.to.将和联系或连接起来announcenansvt.宣布；通告with certainty 肯定地，确信地(作状语)certaintystntn.确信；确实instructInstrktvt.命令；指示；教导instruct sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHO
25、LERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed,that he attendedQueen Victoria as her personal physician.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.This was the deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.So many t
26、housands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.John Snow wanted to face the challengeand solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was foundso.that.“如此以至于”，so 在此修饰形容词 expert。破折号后的内容进一步解释前面的 doctor。when 引导时间状语从句，exposed to cholera 在此作后置定语，修饰
27、 ordinary people。neither.nor.(既不也不)连接两个并列名词词组作主语。当 neither.nor.连接两个名词(词组)或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数要遵循就近一致原则。every time“每次”，起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。that 引导宾语从句，从句中又含有 until 引导的时间状语从句。He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed peopleThe first suggested that cholera multiplied in the a
28、irA cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person diedthat.killed people 是定语从句，修饰先行词 two theories，该定语从句中又含有
29、宾语从句 how cholera killed people，该从句作explained 的宾语。suggested 在此处意为“间接表明，暗示”，后面的从句不用虚拟语气。后面的“The second suggested that.their meals.”也是如此。过去分词 affected 在此作前置定语，表示“受疾病侵袭的”。John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.So when another outbreak hit London in 1854,he was read
30、y to begin his enquiry.As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods,he began to gather information.In two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.本句为并列句，but 连接两个并列分句，第一个分句中含有 that引导的宾语从句，从句作 suspe
31、cted 的宾语。as 在此引导时间状语从句，表示“当的时候”。First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.Many of the deaths were near the water pumpin Broad Street(especially numbers 16,37,38 and 40).He also noticed that some houses(s
32、uch as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.He had not foreseenthis,so he made furtherinvestigations.Hediscovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.It seemed that the w
33、ater was to blame.where 在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the exact places,where在从句中作地点状语。It seemed/seems that.“看来”，这是一个常用句型。was to blame 表示“对负有责任”，不定式 to blame 用主动形式表示被动意义。Next,John Snow looked intothe source of the water for these two streets.He found that it came from the river pollutedby the dirty water from Londo
34、n.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handlefrom the pump so that it could not be used.Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He had shown that cholera was spread by germsand not in a cloud of gas.that引导的从句作found的宾语，从句中过去分词短语 polluted by.London 作后置定语，修饰 the river
35、。so that 在此引导目的状语从句。In another part of London,he found supportingevidence from two other deaths that were linked tothe Broad Street outbreak.A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.Both she and her daughter d
36、ied of cholera after drinking the water.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announcewith certaintythat polluted water carried the germs.that.outbreak 为 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 two other deaths。本句中“who.Broad Street”为 who 引导的非限制性定语从句，修 饰 先 行 词 A woman。主 句 中“so much that she had it delivered.ever
37、y day”为“so.that.”结 构，该 结 构 表 示“如此以至于”；had it delivered 为 have sth.done 结构。To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.The water companies were instructednot to expose people to polluted water any more.Finally“King Cholera”was defeate
38、d.本句中“To prevent.again”为动词不定式短语作目的状语，prevent.(from)doing 表示“阻止做”；suggested 在此表示“建议”，that 引导的宾语从句用的是虚拟语气，从句谓语为 be examined,be 前面省略了 should。约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是致命的疾病。人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治愈方法。所以每次霍乱爆发时，就有成千上万对之感到害怕的人死亡。约翰斯诺想面对这个挑战并解决这个问题
39、。他知道直到找到病源，霍乱才能被控制住。他对两种可能解释霍乱如何致人死亡的看法产生了兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖。一股危险的气体到处飘动，直到找到它的受害者为止。第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。疾病从胃里迅速侵袭全身，患者很快就死亡了。约翰斯诺认为第二种看法是正确的，但是他需要证据。因此，在 1854 年伦敦再次爆发霍乱时，他就准备开始他的调查。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延时，他就开始收集资料。(他发现)在两条特别的街上这种疫情很严重，以至于 10 天之内 500 多人死去。他决定查明原因。首先他在一张地图上标记了所有死者曾经住过的精确地点。这给他提供了一条关于该疾病病因的
40、有价值的线索。许多死者生前住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是 16、37、38 和 40 号)。他还发现有些住所(如宽街上的 20 号和 21 号以及剑桥大街上的 8 号和 9号)却无人死亡。他(之前)没预测到这种情况，所以他做了更进一步的调查。他发现这些人都在剑桥大街 7 号的酒馆里工作。酒馆免费给他们提供啤酒，因此他们没有喝过从(宽街)水泵里抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。接下来，约翰斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。他发现水是从河里来的，而河水被从伦敦排放的脏水污染了。他马上叫宽街上惊讶的人们拆掉水泵的把手，这样，水泵就不能用了。不久，疫情得到了缓解。他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气团传播的。在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她非常喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，因此每天都要让人把水运到她家。她和她的女儿喝了这种水后，都得霍乱死了。有了这个额外的证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣布被污染了的水带有(霍乱)病菌。为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。自来水公司接到了指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。最后，“霍乱王”被打败了。本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放
