1、专题限时检测(二十四)阅读理解D篇增分练(二)(共2篇，限时20分钟)AThe United Nations Climate Change Conference takes place next week in Poland. About 20,000 people from 190 countries are expected to take part in the conference. There, world leaders will debate how to limit climate change the weather events linked to slowly risin
2、g temperatures on Earth. They will discuss ways to reduce carbon emissions (排放物) and other pollution which, scientists say, can give rise to longterm changes to our planet. For environmentalists, one area of concern is South Americas Amazon rainforest. Brazil holds about 60 percent of the Amazon rai
3、nforest. It is also the most biodiverse country on Earth, with more than 56,000 species of plants, 1,700 species of birds, 695 amphibians, 578 mammals, and 651 reptiles. Studies have shown that the Amazon takes in as much as 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year and releases about 20 percent of Ea
4、rths oxygen. Scientists wonder whether the rainforest will be protected under Brazils next president, Jair Bolsonaro, who began to take office on January 1, 2019. Bolsonaro had said that his country should withdraw from the 2015 Paris Agreement. Under the agreement, most nations promised to reduce c
5、arbon emissions by 37 percent over 2005 levels by the year 2030. The presidentelect claims a mandate (授权) from voters to develop land for agriculture and other purposes. He said that Brazils rainforest protection is standing in the way of economic success.Scientists say deforestation is a major reas
6、on for climate change. Studies have linked rising temperatures to the destruction of forests. Scientists worry about the future of the Amazon. New Brazilian government records show the speed of deforestation has increased over the past year. Carlos Nobre, a climate scientist at the University of So
7、Paulo, told the Associated Press that it is almost impossible to say just how important the rainforest is to the planets living systems. Some scientists call the Amazon “the lungs of the planet”. They liken it to human lungs. Each tree takes in and stores carbon dioxide from the air around it. The t
8、rees also release the oxygen we need to live. The Amazon, the worlds largest rainforest, also creates weather. Billions of trees pull up water through their roots. Then the trees release water vapor into the air. The vapor forms a thick mist, made up of tiny drops of water. These water particles mov
9、e up into the clouds and later return to earth as rain. Scientists estimate that the Amazon creates 30 to 50 percent of its own rainfall.During the election campaign, Bolsonaro promised to ease protection for areas of the Brazilian Amazon set aside for native peoples and wildlife. He said that indig
10、enous lands and nature reserves restrict economic growth.“All these reserves cause problems for development，”he said. The presidentelect also talked about taking away the power of Brazils environmental ministry to enforce laws for protecting the environment.Paulo Artaxo is a professor of environment
11、al physics at the University of So Paulo. He said that if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises, then “deforestation of the Amazon will probably increase quickly and the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet”However, senatorelect Luiz Carlos Heinze, noted that farmers are not invaders (侵略者),
12、 but producers. He blamed the past administrations for supporting native rights at the expense of farmers. “Brazil，” he said，“will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaros years.”Scientists warn that if the Amazon and other rainforests lose too many trees, this could affect rainfall
13、and global climate. Nobre and others estimate that the “tipping” point (引爆点) for the Amazon system is 20 to 25 percent deforestation. Without enough trees to support the rainfall, the longer and bigger dry season could turn more than half of the rainforest into a tropical grassland.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。众所周
14、知，亚马孙热带雨林对整个地球的生态有着举足轻重的作用。其中，约60%的部分位于巴西。而2019年上任的巴西总统贾伊尔波索那罗承诺为了发展本国经济将允许农民砍伐更多的热带雨林树木，对此很多人感到忧心忡忡。1What does the author say about the Amazon rainforest?AIt is home to more than 56,000 species of plants.BIt makes up about 60% of Brazils rainforests.CIt creates 30 to 50 percent of the worlds rainfa
15、ll.DIt supplies about 20 percent of the oxygen to Earth.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Studies have shown that the Amazon takes in as much as 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year and releases about 20 percent of Earths oxygen.”可知，亚马孙热带雨林为地球供应大约20%的氧气。故选D。2. Why does Bolsonaro want to withdraw Brazil from the
16、 2015 Paris Agreement?ABecause he thinks it impossible to achieve.BBecause it is against his promises to his voters.CBecause he thinks it will sacrifice Brazils economy.DBecause it will influence Brazils rainforest protection.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的亚马孙热带雨林储存二氧化碳和释放氧气的重要作用和第三段中的“Bolsonaro has said that
17、his country should withdraw . He said that Brazils rainforest protection is standing in the way of economic success.”可知，波索那罗想让巴西退出 巴黎协定是因为这一协定要求巴西减少二氧化碳的排放，这就意味着巴西要保护好其境内的热带雨林，但波索那罗认为这种保护会阻碍巴西经济的发展。故选C。3. Which of the following statements may Carlos Nobre agree with?AThe significance of rainforests
18、is to be reevaluated.BThe value of rainforests can not be overemphasized.CIts unwise for Brazil to quit the 2015 Paris Agreement.DIts wrong to link rainforests to the planets living systems.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第五段中的“it is almost impossible to say just how important the rainforest is to the planets living s
19、ystems”可知，Carlos Nobre认为热带雨林对地球生命系统非常重要。故选B。4. What is Luiz Carlos Heinzes attitude to Bolsonaros campaign promises?ADoubtful.BCritical.CFavorable. DConcerned.解析：选C观点态度题。根据倒数第二段的内容尤其是“He blamed the past administrations for supporting native rights at the expense of farmers.Brazil，he said, will be th
20、e biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaros years.”可知，Luiz Carlos Heinze责备先前的巴西政府为了保护热带雨林地区而牺牲了农民的利益，而且他认为在波索那罗执政期间，巴西会成为地球上最大的农业国家。由此可推知，他对波索那罗的承诺是持赞同态度的。故选C。5. What will probably happen if Bolsonaros promises are carried out?ANative peoples shelters will no longer be protected.BBrazil will
21、 surely see a rapid increase in its economy.CLaws to protect the environment will be strengthened.DGlobal warming will worsen because of deforestation.解析：选D推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises . the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet”和最后一段中的“Scientists warn that . glob
22、al climate.”可知，如果波索那罗信守了他的承诺，即为了发展巴西的农业经济，允许农民砍伐更多的树木，这可能会导致亚马孙的森林砍伐量迅速增加，进而对全球气候产生影响，全球变暖问题将会恶化。故选D。6Which is the most suitable title for this passage?AAre Brazils rainforests in danger?BWhat threats the Amazon rainforest?CWhy is the Amazon rainforest important?DWill Brazils rainforests survive cli
23、mate change?解析：选A标题归纳题。文章重点讲述2019年上任的巴西总统波索那罗承诺为了发展巴西本国的经济要退出巴黎协定，允许农民砍伐更多的热带雨林树木，这会对全球气候产生恶劣影响。因此很多人对此感到担忧。故A项“巴西的热带雨林处于危险之中吗？”作本文标题最佳。B(2019无锡模拟)Stars blazed (猛烈地燃烧) in the sky above Spook like a million tiny suns. They shone through the mists, which had during the last year become thinner and wea
24、ker. At first, he had thought the world itself was changing. Then he had realized that it was just his feeling. Somehow, by burning tin in his body for so long, he had permanently strengthened his senses to a point far beyond what other Allomancers could attain.The burned tin had begun as a reaction
25、 to Clubss death. Spook still felt terrible about the way hed escaped, leaving his uncle to die. During those first few weeks, Spook had burned his metals as almost a selfpunishment hed wanted to feel everything around him, take it all in, even though it was painful, or perhaps because it was painfu
26、l.But then hed started to change, and that had worried him. But, the crew always talked about how hard Vin pushed herself. She rarely slept, using pewter (白镴) to keep herself awake and alert. Spook didnt know how that worked he was no Mistborn, and could only born one metal but he figured that if bu
27、rning his one metal could give him an advantage, hed better take it, because they were going to need every advantage they could get.The starlight was like daylight to him. During the actual day, he had to wear a cloth tied across his eyes to protect them, and even then going outside was sometimes bl
28、inding. His skin had become so sensitive that each little stone in the ground felt like a knife jabbing (猛刺) him through the bottom of his feet. The cold spring air seemed freezing, and he wore a thick cloak (斗篷)However, he had concluded that these discomforts were small prices to pay for the opport
29、unity to become whatever it was he had become. As he moved down the street, he could hear people turning over and over in their beds, even through their walls. He could sense a footstep from yards away. He could see on a dark night as no other human ever had._. Always before, hed been the least impo
30、rtant member of the crew the dismissible boy who served as a handy man or kept watch while the others made plans. He didnt feel annoyed with them for that theyd been right to give him such simple duties._. Because of his street dialect, hed been difficult to understand, and while all the other membe
31、rs of the crew had been carefully picked, Spook had joined through the back door since he was Clubss nephew.Spook sighed, sticking his hands in his trouser pockets as he walked down the toobright street. He could feel each and every thread of the cloth. Dangerous things were happening, he knew that:
32、 the way the mists lasted longer during the day, the way the ground shook as if it were a sleeping man, the periodically (周期性地) suffering a terrible dream. Spook worried he wouldnt be of much help in the critical days to come. A little over a year before, his uncle had died after Spook fled the city
33、. Spook had run out of fear, but also out of a knowledge of his lack of power._. He wouldnt have been able to help during the campaign.He didnt want to be in that position again. He wanted to be able to help, somehow. He wouldnt run into the woods, hiding while the world ended around him. He was sen
34、t to gather as much information as he could about the Citizen and his government there, and so Spook intended to do his best. If that meant pushing his body beyond what was safe, so be it.He approached a large crossing. He looked both ways down the intersecting (交叉的) streets the view clear as day to
35、 his eyes. I may not be Mistborn, and I may not be emperor, he thought. But Im something. Something new. Something people would be proud of. Maybe this time I can help._.语篇解读：本文摘自美国奇幻小说迷雾之子。文章讲述了Spook经过死里逃生之后下定决心改变自己的故事。7What is the real “change” according to Paragraph 1?AThe thinner and weaker mist
36、s.BThe changing world. CSpooks sensitive feeling. DAllomancers strengthened senses.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At first, he had thought the world itself was changing.”可知，起初他以为世界发生了变化，但是第一段第四句中的“he had realized that it was just his feeling”表明他意识到并不是这样，只是他自己的一种感觉而已。由此可知，真正改变的是Spook的感觉。8Why on earth did Spook s
37、tart burning tin?ATo make himself strong.BTo erase an emotional debt.CTo show his honor to Vin. DTo feel pain of his uncle.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Spook still felt terrible about the way . die.”和“burned his metals as almost a selfpunishment”可知，他将燃烧锡看作对自己的一种惩罚，目的是消除自己内心的负罪感。9. What does the example of Vin
38、 serve as in Paragraph 3?AA reminder of Spooks own pain.BAn encouragement to Spooks persistence. CA comparison for Spooks burning metal. DAn implication of Spooks own change.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“hed started to change, and that had worried him”可知，Spook意识到应该改变自己，但是这让他感到焦虑。本段第二句中的“how hard Vin pushed her
39、self”可知，别人在他面前提及Vin是如何提升自己的，第四句中的“he figured that if burning his one metal could give him an advantage”可知，他认为如果燃烧一块金属能让他获得优势，那他最好继续下去，因为他们需要可获得的各种优势，因此，提及Vin的做法是为了激励Spook继续坚持下去。10. What discomforts was Spook suffering when moving down the street? The shining daylight that almost made him blind. The
40、little stones that jabbed him like a knife. The cold spring air that seemed freezing. The sleepless people that turned over and over in their beds. The awakened awareness of being unimportant when keeping watch. His street dialect that made him hard to understand. A B C D解析：选A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His skin
41、had become so sensitive that each little stone in the ground felt like a knife jabbing (猛刺) him through the bottom of his feet.”说明他的皮肤很敏感，路上的小石子对他来说也像刀刺一样，与吻合。本段最后一句话中的“The cold spring air seemed freezing”与吻合。这些都是他在街上行走的时候经历的不适，再结合第五段中的“concluded that these discomforts were small prices”可知，A项正确。11.
42、Where can the following sentence most probably be?“Perhaps hed find a way to become useful to the others.” A B C D解析：选A推理判断题。根据第六段中的“hed been the least important member of the crew the dismissible boy who served as a handy man or kept watch while the others made plans”可知，Spook之前是最不起眼的一个成员，当别人制定计划的时候
43、，他不过是个旁观者。而本段中的“theyd been right to give him such simple duties”说明他被分配了一些小任务。所以“Perhaps hed find a way to become useful to the others”应该是本段第一句话，找到一种能让其他人用得上他的方法，既是他自己内心的渴望，也是对过去的自己的否定，且与下文衔接紧密。12. What can we learn about Spook from the article? AHes a guilty and weak nephew of the great Clubs. BHes
44、a carefullypicked and most powerful member of the crew. CHes a proud and selfsacrificing handy man of the crew. DHes a strongwilled and outstanding Allomancer.解析：选D推理判断题。根据前五段可知，Spook刚刚经历了死里逃生，从第一段中的“Somehow, by . Allomancers could attain.”可知，Spook已经成为一个优秀的人。从第六段开始介绍他决定改变自己，成为一个能让其他人用得上他的人。第九段第一句说明他下定决心不再像以前那样了，第二句中的“wanted to be able to help”是他的目标，第三句中的“He wouldnt run into the woods . around him.”和第四句中的“so Spook intended to do his best”说明他在痛定思痛之后决定以全新的面貌展示自己。最后一段的最后三句是他对自己的承诺和新要求，这些都表明他要改变自己的决心，说明他是一个意志坚定的人。故选D项。
