1、上海市进才中学2020届高三英语下学期3月月考试题（含解析）II. Grammar and VocabularySection AGrammar and Vocabulary Universities Show “ Red Card” to English MajorsAn increasing number of Chinese universities are showing English the “red card” and sending it off the academic playing field. Just last month, five more universitie
2、s announced that they would no longer offer English as a major, _1_ CET-4 (大学英语四级考试) will still be required for graduation.At first sight, it may appear that these universities are downgrading the importance of learning English. In actual fact, they are responding to the economic reality _2_English
3、majors do not have good job prospects after graduation. And the same holds true for graduates in other Arts majors.According to MyCOS, the Beijing-based education research group, English graduates, along with those in history, literature and law, have _3_(low) starting salaries and lowest employment
4、 rate. Engineering, economics and science graduates have better job prospects and make twice as much money, with IT graduates _4_ (make) the most.In _5_ 1980s, the Chinese government made the study of English a priority as part of its reform and opening-up policy. English majors were in high demand
5、in business and in government because people with good English-language skills were so rare. Today, about 350 million Chinese have studied, or are studying, English. Ten million of them _6_ (consider) functionally bilingual. So, when an employer looks at a graduates rsum , it is assumed that he or s
6、he has good English skills.However, for those of you who truly love English, you should not be discouraged. The demand for English teachers is still high at all levels of education, _7_in public schools and in private institutions.Zhang Lu is probably familiar to most of you as the elegant young wom
7、an _8_ (see) standing or sitting slightly behind top government officials when they meet leaders from English-speaking countries. Zhang is a translator. In 2015, she made 54 overseas trips accompanying various leaders such as Li Keqiang. Over the years, she has been the official Chinese/English tran
8、slator _9_major international conferences.Zhang studied English and law at university. She _10_(plan) to be a teacher, but her skills attracted the attention of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs . They offered her a job in the diplomatic service . It is not the career she had planned, but her abilitie
9、s enabled her to grasp the opportunity.So, if English is really your passion, let Zhang be your model and just choose a university that has not shown it the “red card.”【答案】1. though 2. that 3. the lowest 4. making 5. the 6. are considered 7. both 8. seen 9. at 10. had planned【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了越
10、来越多的中国大学向英语亮起了“红牌”，并把它赶出了学术领域。事实上，他们是在回应经济现实，即英语专业学生毕业后没有良好的就业前景。文章说明了英语专业就业现状，并举了外交部翻译张璐的例子。【1题详解】考查连接词。句意：就在上个月，又有五所大学宣布不再开设英语专业，尽管大学英语四级考试仍然是毕业的必修课。此处为让步状语从句，位于句中表示“虽然”应用though引导。故填though。【2题详解】考查连接词。句意：事实上，他们是在回应英语专业学生毕业后就业前景不佳的经济现实。此处为同位语修饰先行词reality，且从句中不缺少成分，故应用that。故填that。【3题详解】考查最高级。句意：根据北京
11、教育研究机构MyCOS的数据，英语专业毕业生以及历史、文学和法律专业毕业生的起薪最低，就业率最低。结合句意可知表示“最低”应用形容词最高级。故填the lowest。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：工程、经济和科学专业的毕业生就业前景更好，收入也翻了一番，其中IT专业的毕业生收入最高。此处为with的复合结构，且make与IT graduates构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填making。【5题详解】考查冠词。句意：20世纪80年代，中国政府将英语学习作为改革开放政策的一部分。根据短语in the 1980s表示“20世纪80年代”，中间需要定冠词。故填the。【6题详解】考查动词时态语态
12、。句意：他们中有1000万人被认为具有双语功能。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且时态为一般现在时，主语为Ten million of them，故谓语动词用复数形式。故填are considered。【7题详解】考查代词。句意：无论是公立学校还是私立学校，各级教育都对英语教师的需求仍然很高。根据短语bothand表示“两者都”。故填both。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大家可能都很熟悉张璐，她是一位优雅的年轻女性，当政府高级官员会见英语国家领导人时，她或站或坐在他们身后。分析句子结构可知see在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语woman构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填seen。【9题详解
13、】考查介词。句意：多年来，她一直是主要国际会议官方中文/英文翻译。此处表示“在重要的国际会议上”应用介词at。故填at。【10题详解】考查动词时态。句意：她原计划当一名教师，但她的技能引起了外交部的注意。此处plan发生在attract之前，即“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had planned。【点睛】当分词做状语的时候，如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系，就使用现在分词做状语；当二者构成被动关系，使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系，可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。如第八小题，句意：大家可能都很熟悉张璐，她是一
14、位优雅的年轻女性，当政府高级官员会见英语国家领导人时，她或站或坐在他们身后。分析句子结构可知see在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语woman构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填seen。Section BBathroom Reveals Your Repayment AbilityBanks and other lenders typically look at borrowers credit histories, tax forms and other financial information to determine whether they will get paid back. In C
15、hina, _11_lenders also look at their bathrooms.As the economy slows, the government wants to nurture a credit culture to get Chinese families spending instead of saving. While the countrys wealth has _12_, the financial system has not kept pace. Some people have had no_13_ to credit card or mortgage
16、, so lenders often have little reliable information about potential borrowers.To fill the gaps, one upstart lender, China Rapid Finance, _14_ data analysis with on-the-ground spade work. The companys investigators, in more than 90 cities, check for the number of toothbrushes or towels to determine h
17、ow many people are living in a house. They look for dirty dishes in the kitchen. They take photos of a potential borrower at work to confirm employment status.A growing number of companies are trying to crack the credit code in China. The internet giants Alibaba, Tencent and Baidu are developing cre
18、dit _15_ systems based on users online transactions and search histories.The World Bank estimated that 79 percent of Chinas population above the age of 15 have bank accounts, while only 10 percent have ever borrowed from the formal financial system. Chinas banks have a(n) _16_ consumers lending busi
19、ness. Contrarily, online lenders are _17_ as the pioneers, satisfying China s rising consumer class. Alibabas financial affiliate(隶属机构), Huabei, makes small loans to online shoppers and vendors on its e-commerce platforms.Peer- to-peer platforms have proved hugely popular in China, but the industrys
20、 reputation has been _18_ by scandal, like the collapse of Ezubao.After that, regulators have stepped up their oversight of online lenders, including setting_19_ on the amounts that can be borrowed. The regulators tightening grip is “something like a shepherd _20_herding his sheep into an increasing
21、ly narrowing pen or chute,” said Mark Natkin, the founder and managing director at Marbridge Consulting, based in Beijing.【答案】11. B 12. D 13. J 14. C 15. G 16. A 17. F 18. K 19. H 20. E【解析】这是一篇说明文。银行和其他放贷机构通常会查看借款人的信用记录、税单和其他财务信息，以确定他们是否能获得还款。在中国，创意贷款机构也会查看他们的浴室。文章说明了这一做法的原因，以及操作过程。还分析了目前中国人的借贷情况。【1
22、1题详解】考查形容词。句意：在中国，创意贷款机构也会查看他们的浴室。修饰后文名词lenders应用形容词，且结合句意表示“创意的”。故填creative。故选B。【12题详解】考查动词时态。句意：虽然这个国家的财富不断膨胀，但金融体系却没有跟上步伐。从句中缺少谓语，且表示“膨胀”动词为swell，结合上文While the countrys wealth has可知为现在完成时。故填swelled。故选D。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：有些人无法获得信用卡或抵押贷款，因此贷款人往往对潜在借款人的可靠信息知之甚少。结合句意表示“无法进入，没有办法”短语为have no access to。故填a
23、ccess。故选J。【14题详解】考查名词的数。句意：为了填补这一空白，一家新兴的贷款机构，中国快速金融，以实际工作补充了数据分析。句中缺少谓语动词且表示“补充”应用动词supplement，且时态为一般现在时，主语为China Rapid Finance，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填supplements。故选C。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：互联网巨头阿里巴巴、腾讯和百度正在开发基于用户在线交易和搜索历史的信用评分系统。结合句意表示“信用评分系统”可知应用名词scoring。故填scoring。故选G。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：中国的银行有适度的消费者贷款业务。修饰后文名词短语co
24、nsumers lending business应用形容词，且结合句意表示“适度的”应用modest。故填modest。故选A。【17题详解】考查动词时态。句意：相反，网上银行正成为先驱者，以满足中国日益增长的消费阶层。本句中缺少谓语动词，且结合句意表示“变得显眼（或重要、突出）；出现”应用动词emerge，且根据上文online lenders are可知为现在进行时。故填emerging。故选F。【18题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：事实证明，P2P平台在中国非常受欢迎，但该行业的声誉已被丑闻所毁，例如e租宝的倒闭。本句中缺少谓语，且结合句意表示“毁灭”应用动词ruin，根据上文has b
25、een可知为现在完成时的被动语态。故填ruined。故选K。【19题详解】考查名词的数。句意：在那之后，监管机构加强了对网上贷款机构的监管，包括对可借金额设定上限。此处做setting的宾语应用名词，且表示“最高限额”应用名词cap，结合句意此处应用名词复数形式。故填caps。故选H。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：总部位于北京的Marbridge咨询公司创始人兼董事总经理Mark Natkin表示，监管机构的收紧控制“有点像一个牧羊人逐渐把羊群赶到一个越来越窄的围栏或斜槽里。”修饰后文动词herd应用副词gradually，表示“逐渐地”。故填gradually。故选E。III. Readin
26、g ComprehensionSection APresident Coolidges statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige(威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions_21_
27、 this great prestige?One reason is that Americans _22_ business as being more firmly based on the ideal of _23_ than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major _24_ of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are _25_. Competition is not
28、 only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American _26_ such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition _27_ the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(垄断) of power. In contrast to one all-powerful government, man
29、y businesses compete against each other for _28_. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers dollars, they cannot afford to _29_ them like i
30、nferiors or slaves.A _30_is often made between business, which is competitive, and _31_, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders a
31、re not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving _32_.Competition in business is also believed to _33_ the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest per
32、son _34_his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American _35_ to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.21. A. q
33、ualifyB. restrictC. impressD. possess22. A. referB. viewC. reflectD. confirm23. A. competitionB. cooperationC. admirationD. determination24. A. resultB. componentC. sourceD. resource25. A. estimatedB. respectedC. admittedD. rejected26. A. mannersB. culturesC. valuesD. customs27. A. protectsB. builds
34、C. illustratesD. presents28. A. profitsB. savingsC. costsD. funds29. A. attendB. treatC. serveD. charge30. A. commentB. complaintC. choiceD. contrast31. A. departmentB. governmentC. businessD. economy32. A. securityB. pricesC. freedomD. discipline33. A. strengthenB. defineC. cherishD. supervise34. A
35、. as a result ofB. by means ofC. in terms ofD. regardless of35. A. contributionB. solutionC. alternativeD. appeal【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文说明了美国人认为以竞争为基础的商业比其他机构更加坚定，美国人可以通过商业竞争实现他们的个人价值。竞争不仅保护顾客的利益，也会保护商业机构。竞争的工商业与垄断的政
36、府经常形成鲜明对照。在这样的社会体制下，美国人不依靠家庭背景决定社会地位。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么商业机构拥有如此高的威望？A. qualify取得资格；B. restrict限制；C. impress给人印象；D. possess拥有，占有。结合上文business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government.可知商业机构拥有很高的威望。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：原因之一
37、是，美国人认为，与社会上的其他机构相比，企业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。A. refer参考；B. view看待，观察；C. reflect反映；D. confirm确认。结合后文business as being more firmly based on the ideal of可知美国人认为企业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。短语view as“认为是”。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因之一是，美国人认为，与社会上的其他机构相比，企业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。A. competition 竞争；B. cooperation合作；C. admiration钦佩；D. d
38、etermination决心。结合后文competition is seen as the major可知此处指企业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和繁荣的主要源泉，有竞争力的商业机构受到尊重。A. result结果；B. component组成部分；C. source来源；D. resource资源。结合后文of progress and prosperity by most Americans可知竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和繁荣的主要源泉。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和
39、繁荣的主要源泉，有竞争力的商业机构受到尊重。A. estimated估计；B. respected尊重；C. admitted承认；D. rejected拒绝。结合上文business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. 商业机构拥有很高的威望，那么有竞争力的商业机构就会受到尊重。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：竞争不仅本身是好的，它还是其他美国基本价值观如个人自由、机会平等和努力工作得到
40、保护的手段。A. manners礼貌；B. cultures文化；C. values价值观念；D. customs习俗。结合后文such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work列举的都是美国的价值观。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：竞争通过确保权力不被垄断来保护个人的自由。A. protects保护；B. builds创建；C. illustrates说明；D. presents颁发。根据上文such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity,
41、and hard work are protected可知竞争可以保护个人自由。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：与一个全能政府形成鲜明对比的是，许多企业为了利润而相互竞争。A. profits利润，收益；B. savings储蓄；C. costs花费；D. funds资金。结合后文compete for the customers dollars可知企业是为了利润而相互竞争的。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在许多企业为了顾客的钱而竞争的地方，他们不能像对待下级或奴隶那样对待顾客。A. attend参加；B. treat对待；C. serve服务；D. charge
42、收费。根据上文it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly.可知此处指对待顾客的方式。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在竞争性的商业和垄断性的政府之间常常形成对比。A. comment评论；B. complaint抱怨；C. choice选择；D. contrast对比。结合前后文商业之间的竞争性与政府的垄断性，这形成一种对比。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在竞争性的商业和垄断性的政府之间常常形成对比。A. department部门；B. government政府
43、；C. business生意；D. economy经济。竞争性的商业代表着经济，而政治往往必须是垄断性的，由政府掌控。二者形成对比。后文中it is more supportive of freedom than government也体现了此处指的是垄断性的政府。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，许多美国人认为，在维护自由方面，竞争与民主同等重要，甚至更为重要。A. security安全；B. prices价格；C. freedom自由；D. discipline纪律。根据上文Because business is competitive, many Americans b
44、elieve that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not.(由于商业竞争激烈，许多美国人认为商业比政府更能支持自由，尽管政府领导人是由人民选举出来的，而企业领导人则不是)可知是在讨论个人自由的问题，故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：商业竞争也被认为加强了机会均等的理想。A. strengthen加强；B. define定义；C. cherish珍惜
45、；D. supervise监督。结合后文Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person可知竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛，胜利属于跑得最快的人，那么竞争也被认为加强了机会均等的理想。故选A。【34题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛，无论社会阶层背景如何，成功总是属于跑得最快的人。A. as a result of结果；B. by means of依靠；C. in terms of按照；D. regardless of无论，不顾。根据上文Compe
46、tition is seen as an open and fair race可知竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛，那么无论（regardless of）这个人的社会阶层背景如何，成功总是属于跑得最快的人。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在美国，竞争成功通常被认为是基于家庭背景的社会地位之外的另一种选择。A. contribution贡献；B. solution解决方案；C. alternative选择；D. appeal呼吁。根据后文Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of o
47、pportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege.可知商业被视为机会平等观念的表达，而不是继承特权的贵族观念。那么本句话应当表示“竞争是基于家庭背景的社会地位之外的另一种选择”。其它选项不符合语境。故选C。Section BAAmazon has suddenly withdrawn its plans to build a satellite headquarters in New York City, citing growing opposition of local elected officials
48、 in a shifting political climate.The decision marks a stunning reversal just three months after Amazon crowned Long Island City, Queens, one of two winners of a highly public nationwide search in which hundreds of communities vied for the tech groups investment.By losing Amazon, New York will sacrif
49、ice an estimated 25,000 jobs -paying an average annual salary of $150,000 each- as well as a signature victory in a broader effort to transform the financial services capital into a technology hub to rival Silicon Valley.Amazons about-face is a particular setback for governor Andrew Cuomo, who led t
50、he companys recruitment and touted its November decision as the citys biggest-ever economic development win.At the same time, it appeared to confirm the dominance of a progressive wing of the Democratic party, led by the recently elected Queens representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who was suspic
51、ious of Amazons arrival. Ms, Ocasio-Cortez questioned its opposition to organized labor and whether local citizens would benefit from its jobs.Amazon officials said the decision to abandon New York had been taken recently, and would not discuss what role, if any, Jeff Bezos , the companys founder, p
52、layed in the move.“The commitment to building a headquarters required positive, collaborative relationships with state and local officials who will be supportive over the long term,” Amazon wrote in a blog post. “While polls show that 70 percent of New Yorkers support our plans and investment, a num
53、ber of state and local politicians have made it clear that they oppose our presence and will not work with us.”Amazon said it did not intend to reopen the search process for a replacement. Instead , company officials expect to spread the jobs they planned to locate in Queens around existing Amazon f
54、acilities in Boston, San Diego, Vancouver and the Bay Area.36. Amazon drew back from setting up a satellite headquarters in that _.A. there is a widespread public objection.B. the political climate is favorable to revolution.C. a number of state and local politicians changed their tunes.D. Long Isla
55、nd lost the fierce competition for the investment.37. The underlined word “about-face” is closest in meaning to _.A. victoryB. reversalC. investmentD. support38. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Amazon reoriented itself from a financial center to a technology hub.B. Jeff Be
56、zos was to blame for his mistakes in decision-making.C. Andrew Cuomo had prejudice against Amazons new headquarters plan.D Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez was cautious in response to Amazons plan.39. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. Amazon relocate its new facilities in Queens.B. Amazon drops pl
57、ans for headquarters in New York City.C. Amazon seeks to cooperate with state and local politicians.D. Amazon is under fire for withdrawing the plan for a facility.【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了亚马逊突然撤销了在纽约市建立一个卫星总部的计划，理由是在政治气候变化的背景下，当地民选官员的反对越来越强烈。文章说明了这一行为将产生的影响，以及相关人员对此的看法。【36
58、题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Amazon has suddenly withdrawn its plans to build a satellite headquarters in New York City, citing growing opposition of local elected officials in a shifting political climate.可知亚马逊突然撤销了在纽约市建立一个卫星总部的计划，理由是在政治气候变化的背景下，当地民选官员的反对越来越强烈。由此可知，亚马逊退出了设立卫星总部的计划，因为许多州和地方政客改变了他们的态度。故选C。【37题详解】词
59、义猜测题。根据第二段中The decision marks a stunning reversal可知亚马逊退出了设立卫星总部的计划这一决定标志着一个惊人的逆转，而这次逆转对纽约州州长Andrew Cuomo来说是一次特别的挫折。由此可知，划线单词意思为“逆转”。故选B。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段At the same time, it appeared to confirm the dominance of a progressive wing of the Democratic party, led by the recently elected Queens represent
60、ative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who was suspicious of Amazons arrival. Ms, Ocasio-Cortez questioned its opposition to organized labor and whether local citizens would benefit from its jobs.可知与此同时，它似乎证实了民主党进步派的主导地位，后者由最近当选的皇后区众议员Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez领导，他对亚马逊的到来表示怀疑。Ocasio-Cortez女士质疑其对劳工组织的反对，以及当地公
61、民是否会从其工作中受益。由此可知，Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez对亚马逊的计划持谨慎怀疑态度。故选D。【39题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段Amazon has suddenly withdrawn its plans to build a satellite headquarters in New York City, citing growing opposition of local elected officials in a shifting political climate.可知亚马逊突然撤销了在纽约市建立一个卫星总部的计划，理由是在政治气候变化的背景下，当地民选官
62、员的反对越来越强烈。结合文章主要内容为说明亚马逊退出了设立卫星总部的计划这一行为所产生的影响，以及相关人员对此的看法。故选B。【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to, be called或thats to say, such as等。 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前
63、因后果。 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。如第二小题，根据第二段中The decision marks a stunning reversal可知亚马逊退出了设立卫星总部的计划这一决定标志着一个惊人的逆转，而这次逆转对纽约州州长Andrew C
64、uomo来说是一次特别的挫折。由此可知，划线单词意思为“逆转”。故选B。BWhen you leave retirement planning too late, it may be difficult to start putting aside adequate funds in the years when you have other financial commitments.The Central Provident Fund (CPF) Board conducted a Facebook contest ( last year collecting stories and an
65、ecdotes others have to share on their difficulties in managing their finances, relating to cash flow, housing, healthcare and retirement.Thankfully, there is now an easy way to start with the latest CPF Board initiative, Are You Ready(AYR). Launched in 2011, AYR is designed to encourage Singaporeans
66、 to kick-start their financial and retirement planning.Through tools, talks and games, AYR provides an informative and interactive way for Singaporeans to understand the importance of retirement planning; and take an active role in working towards it.AYR revolves around 4 checklists built upon 4 key
67、 messages:Managing your cash flowA basic step in financial planning, this puts you in a better position to consider other aspects of retirement planning and adequacy.Buying a house within your means.This theme focuses on helping Singaporeans understand the principles of prudence and affordability in
68、 making their most expensive financial commitment.Taking charge of healthcare costsSingaporeans need to plan ahead to be financially and physically prepared for health uncertainties.Securing your retirementIncreasing life expectancy means putting a financial plan in place as early as possible; to be
69、 financially independent in old age.40. The purpose of Are You Ready initiative is to _.A. stimulate the interaction among Singaporeans.B. provide an incentive to contribute more in workC. inspire Singaporeans to jump off in retirement planning.D. familiarize Singaporeans with the financial system41
70、. Which of the following might the author most agree with?A. The effort to buy a house made people hold off on buying other items.B. With people living longer, people have to save more money for retirement.C. Health issue turns out to be the biggest consideration in retirement.D. Retirement requires
71、 people withdraw excessive income to maintain flexibility.42. What might be the best title for the passage?A. Are You Ready-Hand-on ApproachesB. Real-life Stories -Pressing Financial BurdensC. A Light for Singaporeans-Early RetirementD. Let It Go-Retirement Planning【答案】40. C 41. B 42. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说
72、明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为Are You Ready的项目，旨在鼓励新加坡人开始他们的理财和退休计划。通过工具、谈话和游戏，AYR为新加坡人提供了一种信息和互动的方式，让他们了解退休计划的重要性，并在这方面发挥积极作用。文章还说明了AYR围绕4条关键信息构建的4个清单。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Launched in 2011, AYR is designed to encourage Singaporeans to kick-start their financial and retirement planning.可知AYR成立于2011年，旨在鼓励新加坡人开始他们的理财和退
73、休计划。由此可知，“Are You Ready”活动的目的是鼓励新加坡人在退休计划方面有所突破。故选C。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Increasing life expectancy means putting a financial plan in place as early as possible; to be financially independent in old age.可知提高预期寿命意味着尽早制定一个财务计划；在老年时保持财务独立。结合选项可推知，B选项“随着人们寿命的延长，人们不得不为退休存更多的钱”符合作者的观点。故选B。【42题详解】主旨大意题。根据第
74、三段中Launched in 2011, AYR is designed to encourage Singaporeans to kick-start their financial and retirement planning.可知AYR成立于2011年，旨在鼓励新加坡人开始他们的理财和退休计划。结合文章主要内容为介绍了一个名为Are You Ready的项目，旨在鼓励新加坡人开始他们的理财和退休计划。通过工具、谈话和游戏，AYR为新加坡人提供了一种信息和互动的方式，让他们了解退休计划的重要性，并在这方面发挥积极作用。文章还说明了AYR围绕4条关键信息构建的4个清单。故A选项“Are Y
75、ou Ready一个开始着手的方法”符合文章标题。故选A。【点睛】态度、观点及感受类推理判断题。高考阅读理解题中有些题目考查考生对文章作者的思想、人物性格倾向等方面的理解。对于判断情感态度类题目，考生需要分析段落大意、作者的思路，理解了文章的段落大意、中心思想后，才能判断出作者的情感态度。学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。如第二小题，根据文章最后一句Increasing life expectancy means putting a financial plan in place as early as possible; to be financially independent in old age
76、.可知提高预期寿命意味着尽早制定一个财务计划；在老年时保持财务独立。结合选项可推知，B选项“随着人们寿命的延长，人们不得不为退休存更多的钱”符合作者的观点。故选B。CWar is expensive and it is bloody. That is why Americas Department of Defence wants to replace a third of its armed vehicles and weaponry with robots by2015. Such a change would save money, as robots can be much cheap
77、er to replace than people. Just as importantly for the generals, it would make waging war less prey to the politics of body bags. Nobody mourns a robot.The US military already routinely uses robotic aero planes known as unmanned aerial vehicles ( UAVs ). In November 2001 two missiles fared from a re
78、mote-controlled Predator UAV killed Mohammad Atef, al-Qaedas chief of military operations and one of Osama bin Ladens most important associates, as he drove his car near Kabul. But whereas UAVs and their ground-based equivalents, such as the machinegun-toting Sword robots, are usually controlled by
79、distant human operators, the Pentagon would like to give these robots increasing amounts of autonomy, including the ability to decide when to use lethal force.To achieve this, Ronald Arkin of the Georgia Institute of Technology, in Atlanta, is developing a set of rules of engagement for battlefield
80、robots to ensure that their use of lethal force follows the rules of ethics. In other words, he is trying to create an artificial conscience. Dr Arkin believes that there is another reason for putting robots into battle, which is that they have the potential to act more humanely than people. Stress
81、does not affect a robots judgment in the way it affects a soldiers.His approach is to create what he calls a multidimensional mathematical decision-space of possible behavior actions. Based on inputs ranging from radar data and current position to mission status and intelligence feeds, the system wo
82、uld divide the set of all possible actions into those that are ethical and those that are not. If, for example, the drone from which the fatal attack on Atef was launched had sensed that his car was overtaking a school bus, it might then have held fire.There are comparisons to be drawn between Dr Ar
83、kins work and the famous Three Laws of Robotics drawn up in the 1950s by Isaac Asimov, a science-fiction writer ,to govern robot behaviour. But whereas Asimovs laws were intended to prevent robots from harming people in any circumstances, Dr Arkins are supposed to ensure only that they are not uneth
84、ically killed.This is an admirable goal in theory, but even if ethics can be neatly encoded into software, pitfalls remain. Although a completely rational robot might be unfazed by the chaos and confusion of the battlefield, it could still make mistakes. Surveillance and intelligence data can be wro
85、ng, and conditions and situations on the battlefield can change.43. Americas military force wants to replace people with robots NOT because _.A. war cost a lot and it is bloodyB. people show sympathy for a person not a robotC. . the armed vehicles and weapons are too expensiveD. the general would re
86、ceive less criticism from the masses44. Which of the following statements is True?A. Atef was killed by two missiles fired from a remote-controlled manned aerial vehicle.B. The department of force already uses UAVs with relatively high autonomy.C. The study done by Dr. Arkin is similar to Three Laws
87、 of Robotics.D. In Arkins opinion, a soldiers judgment can be affected but robots wont.45. Whats the main idea of this article?A. Ronald Arkin is developing a set of rules to increase autonomy.B. Ronald Arkin is making efforts to create an artificial conscience.C. Atef was precisely bombed by a remo
88、te-controlled Predator UVA.D. There are comparisons between Dr. Arkins work and Three Laws of Robotics.46. Whats the authors attitude about Arkins approach?A. His approach is an admirable goal and it can be realized.B. Robot would fight without any mistakes in the battlefield.C Dr. Arkins approach i
89、s ethical and faultless.D. Robots are not substitute for people in the battlefield.【答案】43. C 44. D 45. A 46. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国军方虽然已经经常使用无人驾驶飞机，但五角大楼希望赋予这些机器人更多的自主权，包括决定何时使用致命武力的能力。因此为了实现这一目标，Ronald Arkin正在为战场机器人制定一套交战规则，以确保它们在使用致命武力时遵守道德准则。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中War is expensive and it is bloody.可知
90、战争是昂贵的，也是血腥的。由此可知A选项“战争耗资巨大，而且很血腥”属于美国军方希望用机器人代替人的理由；根据第一段中Nobody mourns a robot.可知没有人哀悼机器人。由此可知B选项“人们同情的是人而不是机器人” 属于美国军方希望用机器人代替人的理由；根据第一段中Just as importantly for the generals, it would make waging war less prey to the politics of body bags.可知对将军们来说同样重要的是，这将使发动战争不那么容易成为政治上的牺牲品。由此可知D选项“将军将会受到较少的群众批评
91、” 属于美国军方希望用机器人代替人的理由；故C选项“武装车辆和武器太贵了”文章没有提到，不属于美国军方希望用机器人代替人的理由。故选C。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Stress does not affect a robots judgment in the way it affects a soldiers.可知压力不会像影响士兵那样影响机器人的判断力。由此可知，D选项“在Arkin看来，士兵的判断会受到影响，但是机器人不会”正确。故选D。【45题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中To achieve this, Ronald Arkin of the Georgia Institut
92、e of Technology, in Atlanta, is developing a set of rules of engagement for battlefield robots to ensure that their use of lethal force follows the rules of ethics.可知为了实现这一目标，位于亚特兰大的乔治亚理工学院的Ronald Arkin正在为战场机器人制定一套交战规则，以确保它们在使用致命武力时遵守道德准则。结合文章主要说明了这一规则的制定方式，故选A。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Although a complet
93、ely rational robot might be unfazed by the chaos and confusion of the battlefield, it could still make mistakes. Surveillance and intelligence data can be wrong, and conditions and situations on the battlefield can change.可知虽然一个完全理性的机器人可能不会被战场上的混乱和混乱所困扰，但它仍然会犯错。监视和情报数据可能是错误的，战场上的条件和形势可能会改变。由此可推知，作者认
94、为机器人不能代替战场上的人。故选D。Section CMany of us have already lost the “race against the machines” - we just dont know it yet. That is the conclusion of new research by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.Unlike most studies into the impact of automation, this one does not rely on inform
95、ed guesswork about what machines will be able to do in 20 years time. _47_ They are literacy, numeracy and problem-solving with computers - and compares our performance against the abilities of machines. The results are sobering, but rather than a reason to despair,In the survey a group of computer
96、scientists was given the same test and asked which questions computers could answer, using technology that exists but has not necessarily been rolled out yet in the workplace. The conclusion? Almost a third of workers use these cognitive skills daily in their jobs and yet their competency levels hav
97、e already been matched by computers. About 44 per cent are still better than the machines. The remaining 25 per cent have jobs that do not use these skills every day.There are two caveats. First, the OECD only asked computer scientists how well they thought machines could do. _48_. Second, just beca
98、use technology exists does not mean it will be deployed quickly in the workplace. It depends on how easily it can be made operational, how much it costs relative to the value it creates, and whether companies have the appetite to invest._49_. Stuart Elliott, the author, concludes that in 10 to 20 ye
99、ars, only workers with very strong literacy and numeracy skills will be comfortably more proficient than computers. At the minute, only about one in 10 working-age adults in OECD countries are of this standard.It is true that the education systems in most countries have been raising their game: youn
100、ger people tend to have better skills than older people (the UK being one notable, and worrying, exception). But even if you take the most skilled generation in the most skilled country - young people in Finland - two-thirds still do not meet these top levels of literacy and numeracy. _50_.The risks
101、 to workers from ever smarter computers are clear, but the opportunities will lie in maximizing the value of their human skills. For some people, such as talented chefs, the battle is already won. Others might need to harness the computers to leverage their human talents.A. And yet the implication o
102、f the study are hard to dismiss.B. on many of these fronts, computers are behind humans, if they are in the race at all.C. Technology does not necessary mean doom to all but the highest skilled.D. Instead it takes three basic and compares our performance against the abilities of machines.E. Apart fr
103、om astonishing improvement in education, it looks like only a minority of people can win this race.F. The result would be more alarming if machine were actually put to the test.【答案】47. D 48. F 49. A 50. E【解析】这是一篇说明文。经济合作与发展组织新研究指出我们中的许多人已经输掉了“与机器的竞赛”我们只是还不知道。文章说明了这一研究的过程，以及这项研究的重要意义。文章最后提到越来越智能的计算机给
104、工人带来的风险是显而易见的，但机会将在于最大限度地发挥他们的人力技能的价值。【47题详解】结合后文They are literacy, numeracy and problem-solving with computers - and compares our performance against the abilities of machines.可知它们是读写能力、计算能力和用电脑解决问题的能力并将我们的表现与机器的能力进行比较。由此可知，本句是在启示下文说明需要三个基础能力。其中后文compares our performance against the abilities of ma
105、chines.可对应到D选项compares our performance against the abilities of machines。故D选项“相反，它需要三个基础的，并将我们的表现与机器的能力进行比较的能力”符合上下文语境，故选D。【48题详解】根据上文First, the OECD only asked computer scientists how well they thought machines could do.可知首先，经合组织只问了计算机科学家他们认为机器能做得多好。由此可知，本句承接上文继续说明机器如果被投入试验，结果会令人震惊。故F选项“如果真把这台机器投入试
106、验，其结果将更令人震惊”符合上下文语境，故选F。【49题详解】结合后文Stuart Elliott, the author, concludes that in 10 to 20 years, only workers with very strong literacy and numeracy skills will be comfortably more proficient than computers. At the minute, only about one in 10 working-age adults in OECD countries are of this standar
107、d.可知作者Stuart Elliott总结说，在10到20年内，只有具备很强的读写能力和计算能力的工人才能比计算机熟练得多。目前，经合组织国家每10个工作年龄的成年人中只有一个符合这一标准。由此可知，后文在说明这项研究对未来工人的重要性，由此可推知这项研究的重要意义是不容忽视的。故A选项“然而，这项研究的意义很难被忽视”符合上下文语境，故选A。【50题详解】结合上文It is true that the education systems in most countries have been raising their game: younger people tend to have b
108、etter skills than older people (the UK being one notable, and worrying, exception). But even if you take the most skilled generation in the most skilled country - young people in Finland - two-thirds still do not meet these top levels of literacy and numeracy.可知诚然，大多数国家的教育系统都在提高他们的水平：年轻人往往比老年人拥有更好的技
109、能（英国是一个值得注意的、令人担忧的例外）。但是，即使你把芬兰最熟练的一代人芬兰的年轻人带到最熟练的国家，三分之二的人仍然达不到这些最高水平的识字率和计算能力。由此可知，只有三分之一的人能达到最高水平的识字率和计算能力，即只有少数人才能赢得这场竞赛。故E选项“除了惊人的教育进步外，似乎只有少数人能赢得这场竞赛”符合上下文语境，故选E。IV51.Summary WritingWe Girls Can Do Anything-Right , Barbie!Barbie, the 11,5 inch fashion doll from Mattel Toys, Inc., is one of the
110、 most popular toys in history. The success and longevity, practically unheard of in the toy industry, makes Barbie one of the hottest American popular items of the twentieth century. The products endurance is due to its inner play value. With imagination, as well as hands, a child can use the doll i
111、n many ways; it becomes whatever she wants.Affordability of the fashion has also been a factor in Barbies popularity. The Live Action dolls of 1971, dressed in rock and roll outfits, were among the first in which the appeal could be obtained only by purchasing the doll.Early on, critics alleged that
112、 Barbie over-emphasized beauty, fashionable dress, and the acquisition of material things. In 1964 the National stated, “She is a social climber and a tedious self-lover.” Two years later a critic attacked Barbies obsession with fashion in Womens Wear Daily.The company claimed that Barbie was never
113、intended to be a role model for girls. But like all dolls, Barbie replicates the human body and therefore human characteristics are projected onto it. Girls playing with the doll were unaware that their collections of Barbies dresses were of haute couture(高级时装) in nature, but they recognized similar
114、 styles in their mothers closets. Girls also understood low neck dress and skintight pants like Barbie herself, represented the world of grown-ups, a world they were preparing to enter.The doll is many things to many people. Barbies negative aspects cannot be denied, but she can be a vehicle for gro
115、wth.【答案】(1)Barbie is successful and long-lived because of its inner play value and affordability.(2)Despite critics complaint about its overemphasis on beauty, the company replied that Barbie wad never aimed to be a role model for girls.(3)However, Barbies world is a reflection of adult world.(4) Ba
116、rbie id witness to childrens development.【解析】【分析】这是一篇概要写作。【详解】写作步骤1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了芭比娃娃之所以成功和长寿，是因为它的内在价值和购买力。尽管批评人士抱怨芭比娃娃过于强调美丽，但该公司回应称，芭比娃娃从未打算成为女孩的榜样。然而，芭比娃娃的世界是成人世界的反映。芭比娃娃见证了儿童的发展。2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结
117、构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。VTranslation52. 说到故宫新开
118、的火锅餐厅， 许多网民指责其过度商业化。 （ accuse）53. 在二十世纪五十年代，尽管他对古典音乐心怀热情，但他不得不向现实低头。 (despite)54. 学术造假如此致命，一个小事就可以毁了一个好不容易建立的名声。 （So）55. 一个有远见的领导能让其员工客服软肋，发挥潜能， 齐心协力，从而打造一支高效的团队。 （thus ）【答案】52. Speaking of /talking of /When it comes to the hotpot restaurant opened recently/the newly-build hotpot restaurant in Imper
119、ial Palace/Forbidden City, many netizens accuse it of its over-commercialization./ it is accused of its over-commercialization. 53. In the 1950s, despite his passion for classic music, he had to give in to /surrender to reality/compromise with the reality/give way to reality/come to terms with reali
120、ty. 54. So fatal/disastrous/deadly/destructive is academic cheating/misconduct/faking that an incident can ruin a persons reputation which he has made effort to build up/establish/set up/build. 55. A leader with vision/of great vision/ a far-sighted leader/a visionary leader enables his employees to
121、 overcome/get over the weakness, develop/tap the potential and make joint/combined efforts, thus building an efficient term.【解析】【52题详解】考查固定短语和动词时态。固定短语speaking of /talking of /when it comes to表示“说到；谈起”；accuse of表示“谴责；指责”；Imperial Palace/Forbidden City“故宫”。本句为一般现在时，可用netizens作主语，谓语动词用原形；也可用it做主语，用一般现
122、在时的被动语态。故翻译为Speaking of /talking of /When it comes to the hotpot restaurant opened recently/the newly-build hotpot restaurant in Imperial Palace/Forbidden City, many netizens accuse it of its over-commercialization./ it is accused of its over-commercialization.【53题详解】考查固定短语和动词时态。固定短语in the 1950s“在二十
123、世纪五十年代”；passion for“对强烈爱好”；give in/ surrender to/ compromise with/ give way to/ come to terms with“屈服；投降”；本句考查despite的用法，引导一个让步状语从句，以及句子的让步关系。结合句意主句应用一般过去时。故翻译为In the 1950s, despite his passion for classic music, he had to give in to /surrender to reality/compromise with the reality/give way to real
124、ity/come to terms with reality.【54题详解】考查固定句式和定语从句。固定短语make effort to“努力”；build up/establish/set up/build“建立”；本句为固定结构“so+形容词+谓语+主语+that从句”，表示“如此以至于”；且为定语从句修饰先行词reputation，先行词在从句中做宾语，指“名誉”应用which引导。从句中应用现在完成时。故翻译为So fatal/disastrous/deadly/destructive is academic cheating/misconduct/faking that an inc
125、ident can ruin a persons reputation which he has made effort to build up/establish/set up/build.【55题详解】考查固定短语和thus的用法。表示“有远见的”可翻译为with vision/of great vision/ a far-sighted leader/a visionary leader；固定短语enable sb. to do sth.“能让某人做某事”；overcome/get over“克服”；make joint/combined efforts“共同努力”；thus表示“因此，如此”。故翻译为A leader with vision/of great vision/ a far-sighted leader/a visionary leader enables his employees to overcome/get over the weakness, develop/tap the potential and make joint/combined efforts, thus building an efficient term.
