1、专题限时集训(十四)阅读七选五说明文()(对应学生用书第117页)A (2017长春市质监一)Are you having trouble concentrating when youre reading a book or listening to a lecture？This list of activities might help to improve your study habits.Make a list.We often have trouble paying attention to one thing because our brain wants to think abo
2、ut something else. 1 You dont worry about whatever else you should be doing.Sleep more.Studies show that people who sleep fewer than eight hours a night for a period of time have slower response systems and more difficulty recalling information. 2 Eat healthier foods.Many people enjoy foods high in
3、fats and sugars. 3 They might give you a temporary burst of energy.However，that energy is soon followed by a crash.Reduce screen time.This may be the most unpopular suggestion among young people.Screen time time spent looking at cell phones，televisions，computer screens，has a clear effect on the atte
4、ntion span. 4 5 Concentration improves for students who participate in team sports.It could be that being active is helpful in this way.Participating in a sport trains your brain to concentrate on specific tasks，and shut out other thoughts.ABe active.BPractice more.CThese foods can provide enough en
5、ergy for focusing.DBut these foods cant be helpful enough when it comes to focusing.EThat is bad news for teens who stay up studying the night before a test.FResearchers advise parents to limit it when their children need to be focused.GBy writing down all the things you need to do，youll gain a sens
6、e of control.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了几种提高注意力的方法。1G根据本段的主题句“列清单”以及空后的“You dont worry about whatever else you should be doing.”可知，选G项。2E根据本段的主题句“Sleep more.”和空前一句的内容可知，选E项。3D下文的“that energy is soon followed by a crash”与D项中的“cant be helpful enough”相对应，故答案为D。4F本段的主题句“Reduce screen time.”与选项F中的“limit it”对应，故答案
7、为F。5A空处为本段的主题句，由下文的“It could be that being active is helpful in this way.”可知，答案为A。B(2017广州市综合测试一)Weve all experienced peer pressure(同伴压力)It happens to everybody.However，people have different reactions.Confident people refuse to do things they dont want to do，but shy and anxious people often give in.
8、It may be because they want to be liked.It may be because they worry that their friends will make fun of them，or perhaps theyre just curious about trying something new. 6 Its hard being the only one who says no and the question is：how do you do it？ 7 If you think that missing maths，or smoking，or goi
9、ng somewhere you know your parents wouldnt like is a bad idea then the answer is simple：dont do it.Its your decision，nobody elses.You dont need to be aggressive.You dont need to shout and scream，but you must be confident and you must be firm.You need to say，“No，thanks.I dont want to do that.”Being o
10、n your own against everybody else is very hard，so it can really help to have at least one other peer，or friend，who will say no too. 8 You want friends who will support you when youre in trouble.You dont want people who will always agree with the majority.Remember，the most popular people arent always
11、 the most trustworthy. 9 You can learn a lot from people of your own age.They can teach you great football skills or the best way to do your maths homework.They can recommend music and advise you on fashion.And dont forget you can tell them things too，and that always feels great.So，find friends who
12、have similar interests.And remember，friendship isnt about feeling depressed and guilty. 10 AChoose your friends carefully.BFirstly，you must decide what you believe in.CIts about sharing experience and having fun.DOf course，peer pressure isnt completely bad.EIt may be because they were all born to be
13、 stubborn.FDepression and guilt will surely give you peer pressure.GWhatever the reason，some people end up doing things they really dont want to do.【语篇解读】自信的人通常选择拒绝做不乐意做的事情，而害羞和焦虑的人通常会选择接受。本文介绍了如何学会拒绝并解释了如何从来自同伴的压力中学习。6G根据空前两句“It may be because they want to be liked.It may be because they worry that
14、 their friends will make fun of them，or perhaps theyre just curious about trying something new.”可知，那些害羞和焦虑的人做他们不想做的事情可能是为了让别人喜欢自己，也可能担心他们的朋友会取笑他们，或者仅是尝试新事物。结合空处所在的位置可以判断，空处承上启下，说明不管是何种原因，这些人选择了做他们不想做的事情，故G项符合文意。7B根据该段最后两句“You dont need to shout and scream，but you must be confident and you must be fi
15、rm.You need to say，No，thanks.I dont want to do that.”可知，对于如何拒绝，你无需叫喊，但是要自信和坚定；据此可知，空处表示要确定你相信的东西，故B项符合文意。8A根据空后一句“You want friends who will support you when youre in trouble.”可知，你需要在你困难时会支持你的朋友；据此可以判断，空处介绍的是“要慎重选择朋友”，故A项与此处匹配。9D根据空后的“You can learn a lot from people of your own age.They can teach you
16、 great football skills or the best way to do your maths homework.”可知，你可以从同龄人那里学习很多，他们能教会你很多知识；据此可以判断，来自同伴的压力并非完全是坏事，故D项符合文意。10C根据空前一句“And remember，friendship isnt about feeling depressed and guilty.”可知，友谊并非是内疚和沮丧；据此可以判断，空处陈述友谊的真谛，故C项符合文意。C(2017武汉市调研测试)How to run international meetingsAs more of us d
17、o business across cultures，its best to prepare ahead of time before heading to the meeting table.Here are four rules for different countries.Stick to the scheduleWhere：Germany，Austria，Japan Weve all been to meetings that have a loose agenda，if any at all.They dont start on time and they seem to repe
18、at. 11 Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting. 12 Meetings that run long in Germany are often taken to mean that the parties are not communicating efficiently. 13 Where：China，Malaysia，SingaporeDebating a topic can go again
19、st the traditional Chinese concept of“saving face”，which means avoiding any mistakes or actions that could bring embarrassment.Laughing at even an obviously amusing answer or pointing out a potential mistake can spoil the entire meeting.Enjoy the interruptionsWhere：Italy，France，SpainWhen Pascal Sobo
20、ll meets with clients in Italy or Spain，hes no longer offended if they leave early or arrive late.Rather than attend the entire threehour meeting，he has learned that his colleagues thereand in some parts of Franceattend based on their own timetable. 14 Rather than expect people to sit through his en
21、tire presentation，he makes it easier for them to turn up as needed.Please，no small talkWhere：Finland，SwedenIn places like Finland and Sweden，where nonmeeting related discussions like chat about the weather can be regarded as a way to be off a formallyset agenda and as a waste of other peoples time.I
22、n some countries，including Finland，there are long pauses in the conversation. 15 These breaks are used as a way to process what the other person is saying without interrupting.ANot so in these countries.BGermans and Austrians are similar.CDont even think about a brainstorm.DTheres often no way to te
23、ll how things are going.EDont try to fill them，though，with small talk or anything else.FWhat do the long silences，idle chitchat and serious faces really mean in context?GFor Soboll，that means changing his own Germanbased expectations of client behaviour.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在不同国家如何成功地召开会议。11A空处前两句介绍了
24、常见的会议情况：时间安排松散，开会不准时，总是重复；结合空后的“Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting.”可知，日本人注意会议的细节，并在数天前就做好准备。据此可以判断，空处承上启下，说明并非所有的国家在开会时都会出现上述的情况：时间安排松散，开会不准时，总是重复。故A项正确。12B根据该部分中的“where：Germany，Austria，Japan”可知，该部分主要介绍德国、奥地利和日本的开会习惯；
25、空前一句已经介绍了日本的情况，结合空后一句“Meetings that run long in Germany are often. efficiently.”可知，空处及下一句介绍德国和奥地利的开会习惯，故B项正确。13C根据空处位置可知，空处为该部分标题，是该部分的主旨；通读该部分可知，该部分第一句介绍了在中国开会应当认真讨论，以防发生尴尬，第二句介绍在开会时不要嘲笑有趣的答案或指出潜在的错误；据此可知，该部分主要介绍要严肃认真地讨论会议议题，就事论事，不需要在开会前有什么“头脑风暴”，故C项正确。14G根据上文中的“When Pascal Soboll.”和“Rather than. a
26、ttend based on their own timetable.”以及空后一句可知，意大利人、法国人和西班牙人开会很随意，G项中的“Soboll”与该处相对应，故G项正确。15E根据该部分标题“Please，no small talk”和空前的“there are long pauses in the conversation”可知，选E项，E项中的“them”与“long pauses”对应。D (2017广东省七校联合体第二次联考)It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as mu
27、ch as possible and live in peace with others. 16 If you have done all your best to avoid conflicts and you are still arguing，then read these effective tips on how to avoid conflicts.Dont get in the center of the conflict.Sometimes people can get in the center of conflicts due to their enthusiasm for
28、 offering help.Frankly speaking，it is very unwise，because it can make you the main figure of the conflict. 17 You should focus on your own life issues.Be kind. 18 Life is full of conflicts and disagreements，and thats why you should find more conservative ways of dealing with them.For example，kindnes
29、s can lessen the conflict.Try to be a peacekeeper.Peacekeepers tend to cooperate with people without bad emotions which usually lead to arguments and even conflicts.“ 19 ”This saying is the life motto of a naturalborn peacekeeper.Dont worry if you are not a naturalborn peacekeeper；you can gain this
30、skill during life.Walk off.When the conflict is gathering pace and you cant manage to control yourself，you should choose to handle the situation in another way.By all means，try to keep yourself away from stress. 20 You should get away from the situation for a while.AThe greatest victory is a battle
31、not fight.BConflicts are unavoidable，so try to accept them.CWeak people usually desire others to offer help and support.DLet other people solve their problems without your presence.EIt is helpful to put some distance between yourself and the opponent.FWhen someone pushes you to the limit，try to act
32、kindly towards this person.GArguing can either break your friendship or affect your relationship to some degree.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了几种有效避免冲突的建议。16G根据空前一句“It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others.”可知，尽量避免冲突是十分有必要的；据此可以判断，空
33、处承上启下，介绍冲突的严重危害，引出文章主题，故G项正确。17D根据空后一句“You should focus on your own life issues.”可知，作者建议把注意力集中在自己的事情上；据此可以判断，空处建议“让其他人自己解决他们自己的问题”，故D项符合文意。18F根据该段标题“Be kind.”可知，该段主要阐述“善待人”的建议，这与F项中的“try to act kindly towards this person”照应，故F项符合文意。19A根据空后一句“This saying is the life motto of a naturalborn peacekeeper
34、.”可以判断，空处是调解人的一句格言。A项意为“最伟大的胜利是一场战争而不是争斗”，符合文意，故A项正确。20E根据空前一句“By all means，try to keep yourself away from stress.”可知，这里作者建议要远离冲突，离开对手；据此可知E项符合文意。E(2017福州市五校第一次联考)As warming continues，scientists warn the oxygen content of oceans across the planet could be more and more reduced，with serious consequen
35、ces for the future of fish and other sea life. 21 One is the simple fact that as water gets warmer，it can hold less dissolved(溶解的)oxygen.The other reason is less obvious.The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surfaceeither from the atmosphere，or from photosynthesizing algae floating at the top of
36、 the sea. 22 Global warming is expected to reduce the mixing of the ocean by making surface seawater lighter.Thats because in a warmer world we can expect more rainfall and more melting(融化)of glaciers，icebergs，and ice sheets. 23 The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will also make surface water
37、 expand and thus make it lighter still. 24 Instead，more of the oxygen will remain near the surface，where it will be used up by oxygenbreathing organisms.A lowoxygen ocean may become an inescapable feature of our planet.A team of Danish researchers wondered how long oxygen levels would drop if we cou
38、ld somehow reduce our carbon dioxide emissions to zero by 2100.They determined that over the next few thousand years oxygen levels would continue to fall，until they declined by 30 percent.The oxygen would slowly return to the oceans，but even 100，000 years from now they will not have fully recovered.
39、 25 AIts not known why the oxygen level of oceans has reduced.BScientists point to two reasons to expect a drop in ocean oxygen.CFresh waters inpouring will make the water at the oceans surface lighter.DThe oxygen then spreads to the deep ocean as the surface water slowly sinks.EGlobal warming has c
40、aused the reduction of the oxygen content of oceans worldwide.FThe light surface water will be less likely to sink so the deep ocean will get less oxygen.GIf they are right，we have every reason to worry about the major effect it has on sea life.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章简要介绍了海水中氧气含量主要原因及其可能对海洋生物带来的长期的影响。21B从文章
41、篇章结构分析，本空为段落主旨句。本段介绍了全球变暖使海洋含氧量降低的原因，并且“One”“The other reason”与B项中的“two reasons”相呼应，故选B。22D根据段落主旨和空前的“The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surface.at the top of the sea.”可知，此处是通过说明海洋中氧气的来源与循环来解释海洋含氧量下降的原因的，故D项“然后，随着表层海水的慢慢下沉，氧气扩散至海洋深处”符合语境。23C根据空前的内容和常识可知，雨水和冰川、冰山及冰原融水都属于淡水，海洋中的水是咸水，而淡水的密度比咸水的小
42、，因此淡水的注入会使海洋表面的水变得更轻。故C项符合语境。C项中的“make the water.lighter”与下文中的“make it lighter”的对应关系亦是提示。24F根据空前的“The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will .”和空后的“Instead，more of the oxygen will remain.”可知，F项与空前的句子的句式相同，且与空后的句子的内容存在语意上的转折关系，故F项符合语境。25GG项中的“they”与上文中的“A team of Danish researchers”相呼应，且上文讲到即使我们把二氧化碳的排放降低到零，海洋含氧量也需要很长时间才能恢复，其对海洋生物造成的影响将是长期的，故G项“如果他们是对的，那么我们完全有理由对它对海洋生物的重大影响感到担忧”符合语境。
