1、X6U52erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生eruption n火山爆发；(战争等)爆发4appoint vt.任命；委派appointment n约定；任命5evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计evaluation n评估11shoot vt.射中；射伤shot n射击；枪炮声13panic vi. & vt.惊慌 n惊慌；恐慌panicked(过去式/过去分词)16guarantee vt.保证；担保1appoint vt.任命；委派appointment n任命；约会appoint sb. to职位 任命某人担任某职位appoint sb. as.任命某人为appoint s
2、b. to do sth.委派某人做某事appoint a time/place for为约定时间/地点make an appointment约会；约定keep/break an appointment守(失)约 即学即练1(1)The president _ a new director.总经理任命了一位新主任。(2)We _ him (_/_ _) chairman.我们选他担任主席。(3)The teacher _ me _ _ the roll.老师指派我点名。Appointed/appointed as to be/appointed to call (4)The time _ _
3、the meeting was 10：30.规定的开会时间是10点30分。(5)Ive _ _ _ _ _ a client and may not come back for supper.我和一个客户约了晚上见面，可能不会回来吃晚饭了。Appointed for/made an evening appointment with5guarantee vt. 保证免受损失或伤害；确保n. 保证；保证书guarantee sb. against/from. 保证某人免受损害、危险等guarantee to do sth. 保证去做某事guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人担保/保证某
4、事be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事give sb. a guarantee that. 向某人担保(be) under guarantee 在保修期内 即学即练5(1)We cant _ the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.我们不能保证火车在雾天准时到达。(2)We _ _ _ within a week.我们保证一周内送到。(3)I _ _ Ill pay off the debt.我保证我会还清债务。Guarantee/guarantee to deliver/that guarantee (4)The
5、 watch comes _ _ _ _.这表保修一年。(5)Wealth is _ _ _ happiness.财富并不是幸福的保证。With a years guarantee/no guarantee of6burn.to the ground 全部焚毁burn down 把烧成平地，烧光；渐渐烧完，火力减弱burn up 烧起来，旺起来；烧尽，烧毁burn off 烧掉某物burn out 烧光，烧完burn away 逐渐烧完；烧光，烧毁burn.to death 烧死 即学即练6(1)The house was _ _ _ _.那所房子被彻底焚毁了。(2)This exercise
6、 helps you to _ _ fat and tone muscles.这项锻炼有助于消耗脂肪，使肌肉强健。(3)Half the candle had _ _.那根蜡烛烧掉了一半。burnt to the ground/burn off/burnt away7vary from.to. 由到情况不等vary in 在某方面不同vary from 不同于vary with 随变化vary ones life 使生活丰富多彩a variety of 不同种类的 即学即练7(1)People vary very much _ their ideas.人们在观念方面大不相同。(2)They n
7、ever vary _ the law of nature.他们从不违反自然规律。(3)The color of the leaves varies _ weather.叶子的颜色随着天气而变化。(4)These apples vary _ size _ small _ medium.这些苹果由小到中等大小不等。In/from/with/in from to8make ones way 一路前进，向前feel ones way 摸索着前行fight/push ones way 推挤着前行wind ones way 蜿蜒向前force ones way out 挤出去；冲出去push ones
8、way in 挤进去lose ones way 迷路inch ones way 缓慢前进pick ones way 谨慎前进find ones way 找到出路weave ones way 穿梭前进 即学即练8(1)We _ _ _ down the hill towards the town.我们顺着山坡往下朝城里行进。(2)Gradually, Henderson began to _ _ _ in politics.亨德森逐渐在政界有所建树。(3)We _ _ _ in the forest. 我们在森林里迷了路。Made our way/make his way/lost our wa
9、y1. fit/suit/match(1)fit多指衣服等尺寸、大小合身，合适。(2)suit指衣服等颜色、款式、花样等适合。也指事物合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、场合等。(3)match意为“使相称，使相配，使匹配”，指事物在大小、色调、性质等方面的搭配。1. 应用1(1)Her clothes dont _ her age.她的服装和年龄不相配。(2)The seven oclock train will _ us well.七点钟那一班火车对我们很合适。(3)I tried the dress on but it didnt _. It was too small.我试穿了那件连衣裙
10、，但不合身。它太小了。(4)Does this skirt _ me?这条裙子我穿着好看吗？Match/suit/fit/suitX7U16adapt vt.使适应；改编adaptation n适应；改编8annoy vt.使不悦；惹恼annoyed adj.颇为生气的annoyance n烦恼12resign vi. & vt.辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)13congratulate vt.祝贺；庆祝congratulation n祝贺1adapt vt. 使适应；改编adaptable adj. 适应性强的；可改编的adaptation n. 适应；改编adapt oneself to. 使
11、自己适应于(to为介词)adapt to.适应于adapt sth. for. 把某物改编为adapt sth. from. 根据改编某物 即学即练1(1)This novel has been _ _ radio _ the Russian original.这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。(2)Our eyes slowly _ _ the dark.我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗(的环境)。adapted for from/Adapted to (3)She _ herself quickly _ the new climate.她很快适应了这种新的气候。Adapted to辨析：
12、adapt/adjust/fit/suit/match(1)adapt 指“经过修改或改变以后适应新的条件”。(2)adjust 指“调整，调节，使之适应”。(3)fit 指“大小合适”，引申为“吻合”。(4)suit 指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”。(5)match 指“大小、色调、形状、性质等相配或相称”。2annoy vt. 使不悦；惹恼annoyance n. 烦恼，烦恼的事物annoyed adj. 颇为生气的，烦恼的annoying adj. 使人颇为生气或烦恼的annoy sb. with sth./by doing sth. 因(做)某事使某人烦恼be annoyed wit
13、h sb. 对某人生气for/at/about sth./sb. 因某事/某人而生气that/to do sth. 做某事而生气 即学即练2(1)She _ _ _ your saying that.你说了那些话，使她很生气。(2)She _ never _ _ me.她从不跟我生气。Was annoyed at/is annoyed with (3)I hope you wont _ _ _ all my questions.我希望我所有的这些问题不会使你烦恼。(4)The mosquitoes _ me so much that I couldnt sleep. 蚊子搅得我难以入睡。Be
14、annoyed by/annyoed3. conduct v引导；指挥；进行；传导n行为，品行conduct sb. around (show sb. around)带领某人参观conduct sb. in/out/to the door 领某人进来/出来/到门口conduct oneself (behave oneself)表现；举止conduct state affairs 处理国事conduct electricity 导电conduct ( do/make/perform/carry out) an experiment做实验conduct a concert 指挥音乐会a man o
15、f good conduct 品行端正的人the rules of conduct 行为准则 即学即练3(1)A guide _ the visitors _ the museum.导游带领游客参观博物馆。(2)Copper _ _ better than other materials do.铜的导电性能比其他材料好。Conducted around/conducts electricity(3)The concert on Wednesday evening will _ _ _ a worldfamous conductor.星期三晚上的音乐会将由一位世界著名指挥家指挥。be condu
16、cted by (4)I asked the attendant to _ him _ the door/conduct him out. 我让服务员领他到门口/领他出去。(5)How did the prisoner _ _？那犯人表现如何？Conduct to/conduct himself4resign v. 辞职；放弃(工作、职位等)resignation n. 放弃，辞职resign from. 辞去职务resign oneself to. 使听从resign sb. to. 把某人交托给resign oneself to extinction 束手待毙 即学即练4(1)She _
17、the committee.她辞去了委员会的职务。(2)He _ because he had been offered a better job. 他辞职了，因为他有了更好的工作。(3)The team refused to _ themselves _ defeat.该队不甘失败。resigned from/resigned his post/resign to5congratulate vt. 祝贺；庆贺congratulation n. 祝贺，恭喜congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事congratulate oneself on sth. 感到自豪；暗自庆幸c
18、ongratulations to sb. on sth. 向某人祝贺某事Congratulations! (口语)祝贺你！offer sb. congratulations on. 向某人祝贺某事 即学即练5(1)I want to _ you _ all my heart _ your passing the college entrance examination.我衷心地祝贺你通过高考。(2)Well, _ that you resisted the temptation.嗨！庆幸你抵住了诱惑。Congratulate with on/congratulate yourself (3)
19、_ you _ winning the prize!祝贺你获奖！Congratulations to on9make fun of 取笑have fun (doing sth.) (在做某事中)获得乐趣get fun out of doing sth. 通过做某事获得乐趣for/in fun 闹着玩；开玩笑be full of fun 很顽皮；很爱开玩笑Its fun to do sth. 做某事很有趣。Theres (no) fun in/doing sth. 做某事(没)有趣。 即学即练9(1)People _ her because she wears such a strange ha
20、t.人们取笑她，因为她戴了一顶这么奇怪的帽子。(2)Its wrong of the other children to _ you.其他孩子取笑你是错误的。(3)We _ at the party.我们在聚会中玩得很痛快。make fun of/make fun of/had a lot of fun (4)Children _ dressing in old peoples clothes. 孩子们穿着大人的衣服嬉闹，感到很好玩。(5)The little dogs _. 那只小狗很顽皮。get fun out of/full of fun1.annoy/bother/disturb/tr
21、ouble(1)annoy强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打扰或恼怒。(2)bother指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。(3)disturb较正式用词，多用于被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。(4)trouble指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。 应用1(1)Pardon me for _ you with such a small matter.(2)It really _ me when people forgot to say thank you.(3)I am sorry to _ you, bu
22、t can you tell me how to get to the station?(4)The accident _ all their plans.Bothering/annoyed/trouble/disturbed2. congratulate/celebrate两者的中文意思很接近，但在英语中却有所不同。(1)congratulate意思是“祝贺、道贺”，只能用人做宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on(upon)连接，构成congratulate sb. on(upon) sth.。(2)celebrate意思是举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)做宾语。
23、构成celebrate sth.。 应用2(1)We had a party to _ parents silver wedding.我们举行宴会庆祝父母的银婚纪念日。(2)We _ her on winning the contest.我们祝贺她在比赛中获胜。(3)They will _ your birthday next week.他们下周为你庆祝生日。Celebrate/congratulated/celebrateX7U23alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动n.警报；惊恐alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的9accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏11declare vt.宣布；声
24、明；表明；宣称declaration n宣言；公告；布告；告示12state vt.陈述；宣布18obey vt. & vi.服从；顺从1desire v. 期望 n欲望，希望，请求desirable adj. 值得拥有的，可取的，有利的have no desire for sth. 对没有欲望have a strong desire to do sth.迫切想做某事do sth. at sb.s desire应的要求做某事satisfy ones desires 满足某人的欲望/愿望desire for sth. 渴望得到desire to do/sb. to do sth. 迫切希望做/某
25、人做某事desirethat主语(should)动词原形(虚拟语气)It is desirable that主语(should)动词原形是可取的。 即学即练1(1)They _ to learn a second language.他们不想学另一种语言。(2)I _ to a famous university.我很想上一所名牌大学。have no desire/desire to go (3)Most people _ a lot of knowledge.大多数人渴求更多的知识。(4)The couple _ their son _ to a famous university.那对夫妻迫
26、切地希望他们的儿子能上名牌大学。desire for/desired to go (5)The group leader desired that we _ it right away.那个组长迫切希望我们现在就开始做那件事。(should) do5accompany vt. 陪伴；伴奏accompany sth. with/by sth. 与同时存在或发生accompany sb. at/on sth. 用给某人伴奏accompany sb. to do sth. 陪某人去做某事accompany sb. to. 陪某人到be accompanied by.由伴奏 即学即练5(1)Stron
27、g winds _ heavy rain.狂风夹着暴雨。(2)Children under 14 must _ an adult.14岁以下的儿童必须有成人陪伴。(3)I will _ Professor Li _ the station.我要送李教授去车站。were accompanied by/be accompained by/accompany to6declare v. 表明；声明；宣布；宣告；宣称declare sth. 宣布某事declare sb./sth. (to be)adj. 宣布某人/某物declare off 取消(约定等)declare for/against sb
28、./sth.表示赞成/不赞成某人/某事declare oneself 表明态度；发表意见 即学即练6(1)I _ this exhibition _.我宣布展览会开幕。(2)The doctor finally _ the man was dead.医生最终宣布该男子死亡。(3)Police have now _ drug dealers in the area.警方已经对这个地区的毒贩宣战了。Declare open/declared that/declared war on (4)Paredes decided to _ federation.帕雷德斯决定声明支持联邦政府。declare
29、for7test out试验；测试；检查turn out证明是；生产；出来put out熄灭；出版let out泄露；放出，发出set out着手，开始find out找出try out试验figure out合计，计算出；想出 即学即练7(1)They _ the new sports car.他们测试了那部新跑车。(2)Id better have my eyes _.我该去检查视力了。(3)Drugs should be _ animals.药品应先在动物身上做试验。tested out/tested/tested on (4)Guess the meaning of the words
30、 in the two boxes, then _ a few more words that you can add to each box.猜两个方框中单词的意思，并想出一些可以加入其中的单词。(5)All this may _ to be impossible.这一切也许会被证明是不可能的。figure out/turn out (6)He _ a cry of surprise.他惊讶地叫了一声。(7)They had _ the fire before we arrived there.我们到达之前，他们已扑灭了火。let out/put out8turn around 转向；回转t
31、urn away 走开，离开；把打发走turn down 拒绝，摒斥(提议、建议、提建议的人等)turn sb. in 把某人交给警察，向警方交出某人turn sth. in 上缴，缴回；交出turn out 证明为；结果turn into 使成为；使变成；翻译成turn over 反复考虑，倒转turn to 转向；求救于，求助于turn up 找到，发现；出现，来到 即学即练8用适当的介、副词填空(1)Turn _ and let me look at your back.(2)We were more than halfway up the mountain, so we didnt w
32、ant to turn _.(3)Please turn the television _ a bit as our baby is sleeping.around/around/down (4)Nobody can turn _ the wheel of history.(5)The plan turned _ to be a failure.(6)We often turn _ this handbook for information on transistors.(7)Why did they suddenly turn you _？(8)As he had broken the ru
33、le of the factory, he was turned _.Back/out/to/down/away (9)He promised to come, but hasnt turned _.up9leave.alone 不管；不要打扰；让一个人单独待着leave behind 留下；不带走；忘了带leave for 动身去leave off 停止；结束leave out 省略；忘掉；漏掉leave.aside 搁置一边；不予考虑leave it with me 把这事留给我吧leave sth. for sb. 把某物递交给某人 即学即练9(1)Go away and _！走开，别打
34、扰我！Ive told you before_！我告诉过你别碰我的东西！leave me alone/leave my things alone提示：(1)leave/let sb./sth. alonelet sb./sth. be 别管；不打扰；不碰；顺其自然。(2)let alone 更不用说。如：There isnt enough room for us, let alone any guests.连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人们了。 (2)用适当的介、副词填空I think we should leave _ now and have a cup of tea.Can you
35、tell me the time? Ive left my watch _.She left _ an important detail in her account.Dont you think wed leave _ the concert now?A railway station is no place for a child to be left _ at night.Off/behind/out/for/alone10set aside 留出，拨出，把置于一旁lay aside 放在一边，积蓄put aside 积蓄，搁一搁set off 出发，起程，引爆set about 着手/
36、开始做(后接名词、动名词)set out 出发，开始做(后接不定式)set down 放下，记下set up 建立，树立，搭起set.back 使推迟，耽误set forth 出发，动身，起程，阐明，陈述 即学即练10(1)Ive _ some money for the journey.我为那趟旅行存了一些钱。He _ all offers _. 所有的提议他都置之不理。set aside/set aside (2)用适当的介、副词填空Why dont you set your ideas _ on paper?They have set _ on a journey around the
37、world.I set _ to knit a sweater but in the end it became a vest.A new government was set _ after the civil war.Do you know how to set _ going on this work?Down/off/out/out/up/about2. declare/announce(1)declare 指正式和明确地向公众“宣布”“宣告”“声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判某人有罪、宣布国家独立等，declare 后可跟复合宾语。(2)announce 指含有预告意
38、味的“宣布”“宣告”或“发表”，指公开地或官方性质的“宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息，后如需接间接宾语时，要在间接宾语前加 to。 应用2(1)It was _ that there would be a celebration on Sunday.据宣布，星期日要举行庆祝(活动)。(2)This powerful country _ war on that small country.这个大国向那个小国宣战。(3)The court _ the young man guilty.法庭宣布这位年轻人有罪。announced/declared/declared
39、(4)The little girl _ that she would do an experiment on Friday.这个小女孩向大家宣布她要在星期五做个实验。announced3. have sb./sth. do/doing/done/to do/to be done的用法应用3(1)Youd better have your car _ slowly.你最好把车子开慢点。(2)I wont have you _ to your mother like that.我不允许你这样与你妈妈说话。running/talking (3)I have had Tom _ the housew
40、ork again.我已让汤姆重新做了一遍家务。(4)He had his wallet _ the station.在车站他让人掏了钱包。(5)Im sorry I cant go to the movie with you. I have lots of letters _.(回信是主语的动作)对不起我不能与你一起看电影了，我有很多信要回。Do/picked at/to answer (6)Dolla, you cant leave the office now. I have some letters _.多拉，你现在还不能走，我有些信需要打印。(打印不是主语的动作，是多拉做的事情)to be typed
