1、山东省实验中学2013届高考复习非谓语动词 考点知识清单 非谓语动词，主要指在句中表示一个动作但不能充当谓语，而是充当其他语法功能的词。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)，现在分词和动名词也可统称为动词的-ing形式。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化。 知识梳理 动词不定式 考点一 动词不定式的基本形式时态构成被动形式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have been done 1动词不定式的一般式 一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓
2、语所表示的动作(状态)同时(几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生。如： We rejoiced to see her back 我们看到她回来了很高兴。 They invited us to go there this summer 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。 2动词不定式的完成式 完成式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前。如： I am sorry to have kept you waiting(=I am sorry that I have kept you waiting) 对不起，让你久等了。 注意 若谓语为表示“愿望、打算、意图”的动词时，如hope，think，wa
3、nt，plan，expect，mean，intend等，其后可以跟不定式的完成式表示“本来想要或打算做某事，而实际上未能实现”。如： We meant to have stopped him from doing such a thing 我们本想阻止他做这种事。(可没能实现) 3动词不定式的进行式 进行式表示的动作或状态在谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生时正在进行。如： They pretended to be working very hard 他们假装在努力工作。 We happened to be talking about it 我们恰好正谈到这件事。 4动词不定式的完成进行式 完成进行
4、式表示在谓语动词表示的动作或状态以前开始进行的行为，到谓语动作发生时可能停止，也可能会持续下去。如： He is said to have been working there for more than twenty years 据说，他已在那儿工作20多年了。 5动词不定式的被动式 如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式要用被动式。如： The next thing to be done is to get our classroom painted 下一步要做的事是把我们的教室粉刷一次。 He is said to have been praised据说他受表扬了。 例
5、 The message is very important，so it is supposed _ as soon as possible Ato be sent Bto send Cbeing sent Dsending 解析 根据题意，消息很重要，尽早送消息，消息和送应是被动关系。 答案 A 6动词不定式的完成被动式 不定式表示的动作既发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，同时又与其逻辑主语是被动关系，则不定式用完成被动式。如： She seems to have been told everything看来她都知道了。 7动词不定式的否定式 动词不定式的否定式是在to前面加not，(有时强调也
6、用never)如： She decided not to be late again她决定不再迟到了。 He promises never to make such a stupid mistake 他许诺不再犯这样愚蠢的错误了。 考点二 动词不定式的基本用法 动词不定式具有副词、形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和主语等成分。 1作主语 如： To live is to work生活就是工作。 To save time is to lengthen life节约时间就等于延长了人的生命。 但是这种句子实际上不多见。现代英语倾向于用it作形式主语，而把真正的主
7、语不定式后置。如： It would be best to tell him the truth最好把真实情况告诉他。 It is quite necessary for us to learn English well 我们学好英语很有必要。 注意 在“It iswas+形容词+不定式的复合结构”句型中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应为of。 用介词of时，其前常用的形容词有：kind，nice，foolish，silly，stupid，rude，cruel，wise，clever，brave，selfish，crazy，good，careful，carel
8、ess，impolite，right，wrong等。 Its very kind of you to help me 谢谢你帮助我。(形容词kind“好意的，善良的”，侧重于指人) 2作表语。如： His greatest wish was to be a famous artist 他的最大愿望是成为一位著名的艺术家。 The next step is to search for more information 下一步是寻找更多信息。 3作宾语。如： They decided to begin the experiment at once他们决定马上开始那项试验。 I wish to be
9、 a college student我希望成为一名大学生。 另外，在某些动词后，可用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正宾语。常见的动词有find，think consider，feel，make等。如： They find it difficult to repay the money 他们发现还钱有些困难。 Do you think it possible to finish the work in time? 你认为及时完成这项任务有可能吗? 4作补语。如： Please ask John to turn on the light请让约翰开灯。(宾补) 在被动语态的句子中
10、即成为主语补足语。 They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class 课后他们被允许在教室里讲话。(主补) (1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾补。如：ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach等。如： He encouraged me to talk to him in English 他鼓励我用英语同他谈话。 (2)在使役动词make，have，let和感官动词see
11、，watch，notice，observe，feel，hear，listen to，look at等动词后接不定式作宾补，不定式不带to，表示做某事的全过程。当它们转换成被动语态时，作为主语补足语的不定式必须带to。如： Nobody saw him come in没人看见他进来。 She was seen to enter the room last night 昨晚有人看见她进入这个房间。 (3)在动词help后，作宾补和宾语的不定式符号to带不带都可以。如： He helped her (to) walk across the street他帮她穿过街道。 He often helps
12、(to) do some housework at home他经常在家帮着做家务。 (4)在think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，find，imagine，prove等动词的宾语后可以带to be结构，也可省略to be。这种结构在书面语中用得较多。如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用不定式的完成式。另外，这些动词也常用作被动语态后接不定式作主补。如： They found the answer(to be)satisfactory 他们对答复感到满意。 The speaker is supposed to be excellent 人们认为这位发言人很不
13、错。 We considered him to have acted cxcellently. 我们认为他干得很出色。 (5)在某些动词短语后面，也可用不定式作宾补。如：wait for，depend on，call on等。如： We are waiting for a bus to come 我们在等车来。 King called on black people not to give in 金号召黑人不要让步。 5作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。如： He said he had an important meeting to attend 他说他有一个
14、重要的会议要参加。 (2)如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。如： Give me a piece of paper to write on给我一张纸写字。 He is looking for a room to live in他在寻找一间居住的房子。 (3)当名词被first，last，second以及only等词修饰时，其后可用不定式作定语。且充当定语的不定式不含有将来意义或情态意义，却经常含有过去时意义。 She was the first (person) to come她是第一个来的。 They were the last guests to arrive他们是最后到达的客
15、人。 (4)用不定式的主动式或被动式作定语表达的意义不同。如： Do you have anything to take to the library? 你有什么东西需要拿到图书馆去吗?(你亲自拿去) Do you have anything to be taken to the library? 你有什么东西需要带到图书馆去吗?(由别人带去) (5)there be句型中修饰主语时，用主动式或被动式均可。如： Theres a lot of work to doto be done有许多工作要做。 There are six letters to writeto be written tod
16、ay今天有6封信要写。 注意 句中不定式如有逻辑主语，则只用主动语态。如： There is nothing for me to do today今天我没有什么事可做。 6作状语 不定式常可用来作状语，修饰动词，表示行为目的、结果、原因等。 (1)作目的状语。如： I opened the window to let some fresh air in 我打开窗户好让新鲜空气进来。 To catch the train，wed better hurry to the station by taxi 为了赶火车，我们最好打的去车站。 例 _ more about university cours
17、es，call(920)746-3789 ATo find out BFinding out CFind out DHaving found out 解析 动词不定式表目的。 答案 A 不定式表目的时，也常用在in order(not)to do或so as(not)to do这种结构中，但so as(not)to do这一结构不用在句首。如： In order to sleep late in the morning，Bbb turned off the alarm 为了能多睡会儿，鲍勃关了闹钟。 People had to walk many kilometers in order to
18、fetch wood 人们砍柴得走几千米的路程。 (2)作结果状语 常用的句型有so+adjadvas to do或such+nas to do及带有enough或too的句子里。如： She was so kind as to help the old lady off the bus 她心真好，把那位老妇人扶下了公共汽车。 另外only常用在不定式的前面，作结果状语。 它常常表示出乎意料的结果，而用现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果。 He hurried to the station only to find the train gone 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站，发现火车已经开走了。 A
19、 lot of good land has gone with them，leaving only sand 许多好的绿地也随之消失了，留下来的只是沙漠。 例 He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out Ato tell Bto be told Ctelling Dtold 解析 他匆匆忙忙赶到售票处，结果被告知所有票都卖完了。“被告知”是出乎意料的结果。 答案 B (3)作原因状语 动词不定式也可用在作表语用的形容词后作状语，说明产生的原因。常见的形容词有：sorry，surpr
20、ised，glad，willing，eagerready，content，anxious等。如： Im sorry to give you trouble 很抱歉我要给你添麻烦。 All through his life，Einstein was content to spend most of his time alone 在他整个一生中，爱因斯坦愿意单独度过他的大部分时间。 考点三 动词不定式的省略 1当几个动词不定式作为并列成分出现在句中时，只在第一个不定式前加上to，其他不定式前的to均可省略。 He asked me to come in and sit down他请我进来坐下。 I
21、t is quite necessary for us to read more and have more practice 我们多读一些，多做些练习是非常必要的。 注意 前后两个不定式对比意味很强时，不定式符号to是不可以省去的。如： The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，not to make it more difficult 新技术的目的是为了让生活更舒适。而不是使生活更艰难。 2在like(would like)，love(would love)，hope，hate，need，try，want，wish，pla
22、n，mean等动词后，used to，be going to结构后，以及be glad，be willing，be happy等词语后，不定式内容根据上下文内容可以省略，但需要保留不定式符号to，代替整个不定式内容。 Would you like to go to the cinema?你愿意去看电影吗? Id love to我愿意。 Have you visited Mr Smith in hospital?你去医院看过史密斯先生吗? Not yet，but Im going to还没有，不过我正准备去看望他。 3在介词but，except，besides，than，save等表示“除了”之
23、意的词前，若有实义动词do时，常用无to的不定式作其介词的宾语，若无实义动词do，则用带to的动词不定式。 He was not able to do anything butexcept wait除了等待他什么也做不了。 He had no choice but to give in除了让步他别无选择。 4在下列固定词组或短语之后要跟不带to的不定式。 had better. had best. 最好 would rather.(than.) would sooner.than. would.rather than. 宁愿(也不) cannot help but. cannot but. c
24、an but. cannot choose but. 不得不，只得 maymight as well不妨，还是的好 do no more than.只不过 We could not but weep at our bad luck 对于我们的厄运，我们只有哭泣。 Its raining hardI cannot help but stay at home 天在下大雨，我只好留在家里。 5Why(not)do.?结构中不使用不定式符号to。Why not do.?常用来表建议。 Why turn off the gas?为什么要把煤气关掉? I usually go there by train
25、我通常乘火车去那儿。 Why not try going by boat for a change?为什么不变换一下，乘船试试呢? 考点四 连接代词副词+动词不定式 wh-连接代词、副词后跟动词不定式构成的短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语，还可以作定语。(why和if后不能直接跟动词不定式) When to start has not been decided何时动身尚未决定。(作主语) I couldnt decide which bicycle to buy我不能决定买哪一辆自行车。(作宾语) Last summer I took a course on how to make dres
26、ses 去年夏天，我上了一个服装制作班。(作介词宾语) 注意 “连接代词+不定式”结构中，动词不定式往往与前面的连接代词或其短语构成动宾关系，不定式结构使用主动语态。 I dont know what to do next我不知道下一步该做什么。(what作do的宾语) I must decide which one to buy 我必须决定买哪一个。(which one作buy的宾语) 考点五 评论性动词不定式 有些不定式常用来表示说话人对所谈的内容所持的态度和看法，即对句子内容的评论，故称为评论性动词不定式，也称独立不定式。 To be honest，I dont like the col
27、our of this coat 说实话，我不喜欢这件外套的颜色。 To tell(you)the truth，she is not the right person for the job (对你)说实话，她并不是干这项工作的合适人选。 To put it mildly，the work is too much for her，说得委婉些，这份工作她干不了。 考点六 动词不定式的复合结构 “for+名词(或代词宾格)+动词不定式”构成动词不定式的复合结构，这里的名词(或代词宾格)用来说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，也就是不定式逻辑上的主语。这种不定式复合结构在句子里可作多种成分。 Its co
28、mmon for leaves to fall from the trees in autumn 在秋季树叶从树上落下来，这是很平常的事情。(主语) There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome 有许多困难等待我们去克服。(定语) He put the paper on the desk for you to read 他把报纸放在桌子上让你看。(状语y 考点七 动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 1不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系，并且不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如： I have two letters to answer 我有
29、两封信要回。 2有些结构中，不定式表达被动意义，却用主动形式，因为可以在句子中找到不定式这个动作的发出者。如： Give her some books to read 给她一些书看。 Would you bring me a bench to sit on? 你能给我拿个凳子坐吗? 注意 用作定语的不定式为“动词+介词”时，介词不能省略。如： a piece of paper to write on一张可写字的纸 a nice place to live in一个居住的好地方 3某些动词的不定式与be连用时，常见的有to blame，to rent等。如： The house is to re
30、nt房子要出租。 He is to blame for not driving carefully 他粗心驾驶应受到责备。 动名词 考点一 动名词的基本形式动名词主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done 1动名词的一般式 一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作的同时或之后。如： Learning a foreign language is very useful to me 学一门外语对我来说很有用。 She dreams of becoming a lawyer 她梦想成为一名律师。 2动名词的完成式 完成式表示的动作发生在谓
31、语动词表示的动作之前。如： He was praised for having done a good deed 他因做了好事而受到表扬。 3动名词的被动式 动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的承受者时。动名词用被动式。如： He remembers being taken to Beijing at the age of ten 他记得10岁时被带到北京。 They attended the meeting without being invited 他们没有受到邀请就去参加了会议。 4动名词的完成被动式 如果动名词表示的动作既发生在谓语动词表示的动词之前，其逻辑主语又是动作的承受者时，动名词用完
32、成被动式。如： We were all excited for having been praised 我们因为受到了表扬而很兴奋。 5动名词的否定式 动名词的否定结构由not+动名词组成。如： You have no excuse for not going你没有理由不去。 He was punished for not having done his homework 他因为没做完作业而受到惩罚。 考点二 动名词的基本用法 动名词在句子中起名词的作用。 1作主语 动名词常被看作单数不可数名词。它作主语时，谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。 Reading is important in lea
33、rning English学英语，阅读是很重要的。 Looking after the patient is a nurses job照料病人是护士的工作。 2作表语 His hobby is collecting stamps他爱好集邮。 My greatest happiness is serving the people 我最大的幸福是为人民服务。 3作宾语 动名词除可作动词宾语外，还可以作介词宾语。 Please stop writing请不要写了。 I look forward to seeing him again我盼望再次见到他。 (1)能带动名词作宾语的动词有： advise建
34、议 consider考虑 admit承认 appreciate感谢 mind介意 suggest建议 avoid避免 delay推迟 imagine想象 enjoy喜欢 practise练习 escape逃避 allow允许 permit允许 forbid禁止 miss错过 (2)由“动词+介词”构成的短语，其后可跟动名词作宾语。如： beget used to习惯于 look forward to期望 feel like想要 succeed in成功 insist on坚持 get down to开始认真做某事 devote.to.把献于 set about开始 put off推迟 give
35、 up放弃 (3)“WhatHow about+v-ing”常被用来征询意见或询问消息，意为“怎么样?” What about going on a picnic?去野餐怎么样? What about the two of us going for a walk?我们俩去散散步怎么样? 4作定语 动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。 a swimming pool游泳池 a waiting room候车(诊)室 a washing machine洗衣机 a hiding place藏身处 考点三 动名词的复合结构 由形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格加动名词构成动名词的复合结构
36、，在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语等。物主代词和名词所有格是动名词的逻辑主语。如： Do you mind myme smoking here?我在这儿抽支烟可以吗? I insisted on my husbandhusbands paying the bill我坚持要我丈夫付账。 (1)在口语和非正式英语中，这种结构如不用在句首，常用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，用名词普通格代替所有格。如： There are many reasons for animals dying out 动物的灭绝有很多原因。 The mothers worry is her son making trouble for
37、 the family 这位母亲担心的是她儿子给家里惹麻烦。 (2)如果动名词的复合结构在句首，就必须用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格。如： His smoking caused the fire in the forest 他抽烟引起了这场森林火灾。 Marys coming late made her teacher angry玛丽的迟到使她的老师很生气。 (3)there be的动名词的复合结构为there being。如： Whist the chance of there being a rain tomorrow? 明天下雨的可能性有多大? 分词 英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去
38、分词，兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征。在句子中可以作定语，表语，宾语补足语和状语。 考点一 现在分词的基本形式及物动词(do)不及物动词(go)主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式doingbeing donegoing完成式having donehaving been donehaving gone 1现在分词的一般式 一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时进行。如： They came in talking and laughing他们谈笑着进来了。 Seeing nobody there，he turned off the lights 看到没人在那，他就把灯关了。 2现在分词的完成式
39、 完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。如： Having cleaned the desks，we began reading 擦完了桌子后，我们便开始看书。 Having been surrounded for a month，the enemy had to give in 被包围一个月后，敌人不得不投降了。 3现在分词的被动语态 现在分词的被动语态分为一般式和完成式两种。一般式表示一个被动动作正在进行。或与谓语表示的动作同时进行。完成式表示一个被动动作在谓语表示的动作之前已经完成了。如： The building being built will be our school lib
40、rary 正在建造的那座大楼将是我们的校图书馆。 例 _ ，we were taken to Bee the library. AWe had been shown the classrooms BBeing shown the classrooms CHaving been shown the classrooms DHaving shown the classrooms 解析 句意：我们先被领着看了教室，又被带去看图书馆。首先，句子主语与show之间构成被动关系，因此可排除D项；A项为句子，需要加连词连接两个分句；B项相当于While we were being shown the cla
41、ssrooms，显然与后面的时间有冲突，故只有C项正确。 答案 C 4现在分词的否定式 现在分词的否定式是在分词前加not。如： Not daring to speak，they sat there silent他们不敢说话，坐在那里一声不吭。 Not having seen the film，Im afraid I cant say anything about it 由于没看过那部电影，恐怕我对它说不出什么来。 考点二 现在分词的基本用法 1作定语 (1)现在分词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词前。如果是短语则放在它所修饰的名词后。如： I am reading an interestin
42、g book我在看一本有趣的书。 Do you know the man sitting there?你认识坐在那里的人吗? (2)现在分词修饰something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。如： Theres nothing interesting in his story 他的故事中没什么有意思的东西。 Will those teaching the children from abroad come to the headmasters office? 那些教国外孩子的老师请到校长办公室来好吗?
43、 2作表语 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质和特征。如： The story is very touching这个故事很动人。 The news is encouraging这消息令人鼓舞。 注意 be+v-ing有三种不同的句法功能和含义： a用作进行时，表示谓语动作正在进行(v-ing为现在分词)。 He is repairing his bike他在修理他的自行车。 bv-ing为现在分词，用作表语，表示句中主语所具有的特征，动作意味减弱。(世时的现在分词相当于一个形容词) This film is exciting这部电影激动人心。 ev-ing为动名词，用作表语。此时，主语和表语的概念是
44、相同的。 The problem is finding land for it问题是要为此找到土地。 (The problem=finding land for it) Her job is looking after children她的工作是照看孩子。 3作补语 表示感觉的动词see，hear，feel，notice，watch，look at，listen to，smell以及表示“使”“让”的动词have，get，keep，send，set，find，catch(撞见)等后常接现在分词作宾补。 如果把这些句子变成被动语态，则现在分词作主语补足语。 I saw a girl runnin
45、g towards me我看到一个女孩正朝我跑来。 Im sorry to have kept you waiting对不起，让你久等了。 The police caught him stealing a car警察当场撞见他在偷汽车。 4作状语 现在分词作状语表示时间、原因、伴随或方式、条件、让步、结果等，且都可以转换成相应的状语从句。 Walking in the park，she saw an old friend(时间状语) 当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。 Not knowing his address，I cant write to him(原因状语) 由于不知道他的地
46、址，我无法给他写信。 He came running back to tell me the news(方式状语) 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。 Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds，blocking roads，paths and railway lines(结果状语) 大风刮倒了1500万棵树，阻塞了大小道路和铁路线。 注意 英语中有一部分分词短语。它独立存在，没有自己的逻辑主语。这些分词短语已成为固定的习惯用语，常被看作句子的插入语，常见的有： generally speaking一般说来。 strictly(
47、honestlyfranklyroughlybroadly)speaking 严格地(诚实地坦白地粗略地泛泛地)说 considering.考虑到；鉴于 judging fromby.根据判断 taking alleverything into consideration从各方面考虑 Considering his age，he is quite tall鉴于他的年龄，他长得确实高。 Judging from his look，he didnt agree with you at all 从他的神情判断，他根本不同意你的看法。 考点三 过去分词的基本形式 1过去分词一般表示完成和被动的动作只有
48、一种形式。即：动词原形加-ed构成。如： fallen leaves落叶 boiled water开水 I heard the door closed. 我听见门被关上了。 2过去分词的否定式 过去分词前加not构成否定式。如： He escaped，not seen by anyone 他逃走了，没有人看见。 考点四 过去分词的基本用法 1作定语 (1)作定语，如果过去分词是单个词，一般放在名词前；如果是过去分词短语，要放在名词后，表示主语的状态或已完成的动作。如： I bought some painted chairs我买了几张油漆好的椅子。 Everybody attended the
49、 meeting held last week所有的人都参加了上星期举行的会议。 (2)过去分词作定语与所修饰的名词有被动关系，逻辑上有主谓关系时，也可以转换成相应的定语从句。如： He is a man liked by all(=He is a man who is liked by all) 他是一个人人都喜欢的人。 Those chosen as team members must be here at 7 amtomorrow(=Those who have been chosen.) 被挑选为队员的人必须明天早晨7点到这。 2作表语 过去分词作表语表示的是句子主语的状态。 Your
50、 article is well-written你的文章写得很好。 She looks worried她看上去忧心忡忡。 注意 “be+过去分词”可以是被动语态也可以是系表结构。二者的区别是：被动语态表示的是动作，句子中的主语是动作的对象，句中可以用介词by引导的短语；而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态，一般没有介词by引导的短语。如： The school gate is shut by an old man at 6 Pmevery day 每天下午6点学校大门由一位老人来关。(被动语态) The school gate is shut now 学校大门现在关着。(系表结构) 3作补语
51、 补语说明宾语或主语所处的状态。如： I was glad to see the child well taken care of 我很高兴地看到孩子受到了很好的照料。 When she returned home，she found her necklace gone 当她回到家时，她发现她的项链已不见了。(此处可换为形容词missing，意义不变；也可换为过去分词lost，表示被动，意为“丢了”。) I ll have to have my bike repaired我得让人把自行车修理一下。 The old man had his wallet stolen那位老人的钱包被偷了。 注意
52、如have这样的使役动词后，也可用动词不定式、现在分词作宾补。如： They had me repeat the message他们让我把口信重复一遍。 He had them working for him day and night他让他们为他日日夜夜地干活。 4作状语 过去分词常用作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情况，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。 一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。 Asked why he was late，he went red(时间状语) 问他为什么迟到时，他涨红了脸。 Given more time，we could have done i
53、t better(条件状语) 如果给我们的时间多一些，我们会做得更好。 Inspired by what he said we are determined to study harder(原因状语) 在他的话的鼓舞下，我们决心更加努力地学习。 5过去分词短语作独立成分 有些过去分词短语如：compared with(to)(与比较起来；较之)，given(that)(如果有；假定有)是固定的用法，在句子中作状语。如： Compared with her mother，she is tall与她妈妈相比，她算很高了。 Given his support，I think we ll win th
54、e election 如果获得他的支持，我想我们会赢得这次选举。 考点五 现在分词与过去分词的区别 1语态上不同 现在分词表示主动的意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者；过去分词表示被动的意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受者。如： I heard someone closing the door我听见有人在关门。 I heard the door closed我听见门被关上了。 2时间上不同 现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词则表示完成的动作。如： falling leaves正在飘落的树叶 fallen leaves落叶(已落下的树叶) In autumn fallen leaves
55、 can be seen everywhere 秋天到处可以看到落叶。 They looked up at the risen sun他们仰望着已升起的太阳。 3特殊动词的分词用法 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉”，现在分词与中心词构成逻辑上的主谓关系；其过去分词含有被动意味，即“人被引起某种感觉”。如： moving令人感动的 moved受感动的，感动的 exciting令人兴奋的，激动人心的 excited兴奋的，激动的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的 surprising令人惊讶的 surprised
56、(感到)惊讶的 现在分词多用来指事或物，如：a moving story,(动人的故事)，frightening sound(吓人的声音)，tiring work(累人的工作)。过去分词多用来指人，人的声音或表情。如： He was deeply moved by the story那个故事深深地感动了他。 There was an exciting look on his face他的脸上有一种兴奋的表情。 (2)有些及物动词的过去分词表示被动意味并不强，它表示的主要是一种状态或结果。如： I found him seated at the back of the classroom 我发现
57、他坐在教室的后面。(=I found him sitting.) Lost in the forest，he had to find his way out first 他在林中迷路了，必须先找到出去的路。 考点六 分词独立主格结构 一般说来，分词在句中都有其逻辑主语，分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是主句的主语或宾语。如果分词的逻辑主语不在句中，则分词前可加上其自己的逻辑主语，由名词或代词主格充当，置于分词前，这种结构称为分词独立主格结构。它不是句子，因为没有实际的主语和谓语。它可以放于句首或句尾，作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语等。 The meeting being over，th
58、ey went home 会议一结束，他们就回家了。(时间) There being no bus then，he had to walk home 当时没有公共汽车了，他只得步行回家。(原因) Time permitting，I shall stay here for another two days 如果时间允许，我将在这里再待两天。(条件) He guiding the blind girl，they walked slowly across the street 他引导着那个失明的女孩，慢慢地穿过街道。(方式) 1表示伴随情况、原因等的分词独立主格结构前有时可以加上without或wi
59、th构成“withwithout+名词(或代词)+分词”结构。如： With prices going up so fast，we cant afford luxuries 由于价格迅猛上涨，我们买不起高档商品。 He kept the money without anyone knowing where it was 他把钱收起来了，没人知道放在什么地方。 2独立主格结构也可以由“名词(或代词)+不定式形容词副词介词短语”构成。 Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month 这里是头两卷。第三卷下月出版
60、。 He came into the classroom，book in hand 他手里拿着书走进教室。 例 He stood there watching with his arms _ . Afold Bfolding Cfolded Dto fold 解析 fold和his arms是动宾关系，因此用folded表示被动。 答案 C 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较作用种类主宾表定状补不定式动名词分词 考点一 动词不定式与动名词作主语的区别 1动名词作主语时，与动词不定式作主语相似，常可用形式主语it，而把真正主语即动名词短语移到句末。如： It is really tiring wor
61、king late like this工作到这么晚真是累死人。 It is nice talking with you跟你交谈感觉真好。 2动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别： (1)在很多情况下动名词作主语与不定式作主语没有明显的不同。 眼见为实。 Seeing is believing To see is to believe (2)不定式可以表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词则表示通常的情况。如： To make full use of the waste we throw away every day is a good idea 充分利用我们每天丢掉的废弃物是个好主意。
62、 Painting is an art绘画是一门艺术。 (3)“It iswas+形容词+不定式”说明一般的情况或某一次具体的动作。 “It iswas+形容词+动名词”表示说话者在谈论某一特定的处境，并想给人一种“某一动作在进行中”的概念。如： Its always difficult being in a foreign country，especially if you cannt speak the language 处在一个陌生的国度里总是有很多困难，尤其是在不会说这个国家的语言的情况下。 He is drunkIts dangerous riding with him他喝醉了，坐他
63、开的车真是危险。 3常用动名词作主语的句型： It iswas a waste(of.) no(little)gooduse hardly any gooduse worthwhileworth ones while +v-ing There iswas no way(无法) no sense in(没道理) no point in(没意义) no usegood(in)(没用处) nothing worse than(没有比更糟的) +v-ing It is a waste of time talking about such a thing谈论这种事情是浪费时间。 It is no goo
64、duse complaining怨天尤人是没用的。 4动名词可用于简略语中，与no连用，表示禁止，相当于句子省略了谓语。如： No Smoking! 禁止吸烟! No Littering! 禁止乱扔废弃物! No Parking! 禁止停车! No Spitting! 禁止随地吐痰! 考点二 动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别 1在某些动词之后既可以跟动名词又可以跟不定式作其宾语，两种形式在意义上差别不大，如：begin，start，intend，attempt，continue，omit，cease，commence，like，love，hate等。 He started crying(to c
65、ry)他哭了起来。 Prices will continue rising(to rise)物价将继续上涨。 (1)like，love，hate，prefer及dream等词，其后跟不定式和动名词含义差别不大，但略有不同。用不定式作宾语时，表示特定的、有待于做的动作；用动名词作宾语时，则表示一般的行为或正在进行的行为。 I like swimming，but I dont like to swim today 我喜欢游泳，但我今天不想游泳。 I hate being ordered about我讨厌让人指使来指使去。 (2)在would like，would love，would prefer
66、等后面，通常要用动词不定式。 I would love to see you every day我很想天天见到你。 2有些动词后跟动名词与后跟不定式意义差别较大，最常见的有： (1)try to do努力做某事，企图做(某事) try doing试着尝试做(某事) 如： It tried to fly away，but one wing was broken它想飞走，但一只翅膀受伤了。 He tried to prove that his idea was practical 他试图证明他的想法是切实可行的。 (2)rememberforgetregret之后加 to do(不定式动作发生在前
67、一动作之后) doinghaving done(不定式动作发生在前一动作之前) Do you remember meeting me at a party last year? 你还记得去年在一次聚会上你见过我吗? I regret to tell you that you ve failed in the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 (3)mean to do意欲打算想要干 mean doing意味着意思是 如： I didnt mean to hurt you我本无意伤害你的感情。 Doing morning exercises means getting up earl
68、y做早操意味着早起床。 (4)cant help (to) do不能帮忙做 cant help doing禁不住做 如： Im afraid I cant help (to) repair the car恐怕我不能帮着修理汽车了。 Hearing the news，he couldnt help laughing 听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。 (5)be afraid to do担心做 be afraid of doing担心、害怕发生某事 如： He is afraid to ask questions他不敢提问。 She is afraid of losing her job她害怕失去
69、工作。 (6)be sure to do一定会 be sure of doing确信会 如： Tom is sure to pass the exam汤姆一定能通过考试。(说话人的看法) Tom is sure of passing the exam汤姆确信自己能通过考试。(对自己有把握) (7)need，want，require作“需要”讲时，用动名词表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式。如： The gate needswantsrequires mending门需要修理。 =The gate needswantsrequires to be mended 3下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢
70、记下面的口诀： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装； 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decidedetermine，learn，want，expecthopewish refuse，manage，care，pretend offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，askbeg，help 下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想； 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏； 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 consider，suggestadvise，look forward to，excusepardon；admit，delayput off，
71、fancy(想象，设想)；avoid，miss，keepkeep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoyappreciate；forbid，imagine，risk；cant help，mind，allowpermit，escape。 考点三 三种非谓语形式作表语的区别 1动词不定式作表语与动名词作表语的区别 (1)动名词和动词不定式作表语时通常区别不大。 The greatest happiness is to workworking for the happiness of all 最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。 (2)当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行
72、为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式作表语；若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而只说明动作的名称，则通常用动名词作表语。 这两种表语可以与其主语互换位置；分词表示主语所处的状态或特性。如： Her wish is to become an engineer=To become an engineer is her wish 她的愿望是当一名工程师。 My work is teaching English我的工作是教英语。 (3)动名词在句中作表语时，要注意与句子主语在形式上保持一致，即若句子主语用动名词，则表语也应使用动名词；若主语为不定式，则表语也使用不定式。 Denying this wil
73、l be shutting ones eyes to fact 否认这一点就是闭上眼睛不正视事实。 2动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别，请参见“分词、考点二、2”。 3用作表语的过去分词与用于被动语态的过去分词的区别，请参见“分词、考点四、2” 考点四 三种非谓语形式作定语的区别一 1不定式作定语要放在所修饰名词的后面，表示一个还没发生的动作。如： the party to come将要到来的聚会 the meeting to be held将被举行的会议 2现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别 (1)现在分词与其修饰的名词有着逻辑上的主谓关系，即被修饰的名词通常为现在分词的逻辑主语，现在分词
74、用来说明被修饰名词的动作。 (2)动名词作定语时，用来说明被修饰的名词的用途和性质。如： a sleeping boy(=a boy who is sleeping)正在睡觉的孩子 a sleeping bag(=a bag for sleeping)睡袋 a waiting car(=a car which is waiting)一辆正在等候的车 a waiting room(=a room for waiting)候车诊室 (3)现在分词作定语时，其动作通常是与谓语动词的动作同时或基本同时发生并进行，它可以表示存在的状态或者一般情况。现在分词的完成式不能用作名词的定语。如果两个动作发生的时
75、间有先后之分，则不可用现在分词作定语。 3现在分词的被动语态(being done)，过去分词(done)及不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语时的区别。 (1)现在分词的被动语态表示的是一个正在被进行的动作。如： The power station being built now will be one of the largest in China 现在正在建设中的发电站将是中国最大的发电站之一。 The meeting being held now is of great importance 现在正在召开的会议很重要。 (2)过去分词作定语时表示的是一个被动的和已完成的动作。
76、如： The power station built last year is a big one 去年建的那座发电站很大。 The meeting held yesterday was of great importance 昨天召开的会议很重要。 (3)不定式的被动语态作定语时往往表示一个将要被进行的动作。如： The power station to be built next year will be a big one 明年要建的发电站将会很大。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance 明天召开的会议很重要。 考点
77、五 不定式与分词作状语的区别 1不定式作状语 不定式作状语一般用以表示目的、结果、原因。如： He woke up to find everyone gone(表结果)他醒来后发现人都走了。 What a fool he is to say such a thing!(表原因) 说那种话，他真傻! 此外，不定式的某些固定搭配也可用作状语。如： to tell the truth老实说 to make the matter worse情况更糟 needless to say不屑说 2分词作状语 分词在句中作时间、原因、结果、目的、方式、伴随、条件状语。用分词作状语时，首先要看分词的动作与句子主语
78、的关系，如果是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果是动宾关系，要用过去分词(或现在分词的被动式)。形式意义doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系being done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首having been done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发生 Hearing the news，they got excited(表时间) 一听到这个新闻，他们就兴奋了起来。 The cup dr
79、opped to the ground，breaking into pieces(表结果) 茶杯掉到地上，摔成碎片。 Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake(表让步) 虽然被告知了多次，但他还是犯相同的错误。 考点六 分词作状语与独立主格结构作状语的区别 分词与独立主格结构均可作状语。但分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语；而独立主格结构作状语时，前面的名(代)词就是这个结构的逻辑上的主语，它和句子的主语不保持一致性。如： Having finished my homeworkI previewed my
80、 lessonsAfter I had finished my homework，I previewed my lessons 我做完作业后，义预习功课。 Everything considered，I prefer the first plan 考虑到所有情况。我选择了第一个计划。 考点七 不定式与分词作宾语补足语的区别 1现在分词作宾补和不定式作宾补的区别 一些表示知觉的动词(如：see，hear，look at，listen to，feel，watch，notice，observe等)后既可跟现在分词作宾补。又可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。 (1)不定式作宾补时强调动作的完成、结果或是一
81、次性动作。 (2)现在分词作宾补时侧重于动作的进行或过程。如： I saw him cross the road我看见他穿过了马路。 I saw him crossing the road我看见他正过马路。 (3)watch和notice用于被动语态时，其后一般不跟不定式形式，但可以跟现在分词作主语补足语。 He was watched painting the door有人看见他正在漆门。 He was noticed climbing up a tree有人注意到他正爬树。 (4)动词find可用现在分词或过去分词作其宾语补足语，也可用不定式“to be.”结构作宾补，但不能用普通的不定式
82、结构作其宾补。 I found many of my students playing basketball there 我发现我的许多学生在那儿打篮球。 He found the door closed他发现门是关着的。 She finds English to be quite difficult她发现英语很难学。 2及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，分词与宾语之间有被动意味。 例 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarri
83、ed out Dto carry out 解析 本题考查v-ed短语作宾语补足语的用法。plan后接定语从句。在定语从旬中，关系代词that作谓语动词see的宾语，plan和carry out之间是被动关系，要用v-ed短语carried out作宾语补足语。 答案 C 3不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，没有被动意味，只表示动作的完成和状态。如： When I returned there，I found the bag gone当我返回那儿时，发现包不见了。 We found the village greatly changed我们发现村子已发生了巨大变化。 4，get也能当作使役动词，表示
84、“使、让、叫”之意，相当于have，但二者也有所不同。 使让叫某人去做某事 have sbdo，sth get sbto do sth have sthdone=get sthdone使让某事由别人去做 have sbsthdoing使让某人物持续地做某事 get sbsthdoing使某人物开始行动起来 The teacher had us readgot us to read the text aloud 老师让我们大声朗读课文。 Youd better haveget your hair cut你最好把头发理一下。 He managed to get the horse running他
85、努力让马跑了起来。 方法技巧清单 方法技巧 方法一 时间先后判断法 在解答非谓语动词试题的时候，要确定句子中谓语动词和非谓语动词的关系，所发生的时间哪个在前，哪个在后。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间含义。如to have done表示该动作在谓语动作之前发生；to be doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生；doing表示与谓语动作同时发生，having done表示该动作在谓语动作之前发生；done表示的动作往往发生在谓语动作之前。所以在学习的时候，同学们一定要注意去正确地判断和分析。 例1 _ such a heavy loss，the businessman didnt h
86、ave the courage to go on AHaving suffered BSuffering CTo suffer DSuffered 解析 分词作状语。C项不定式表示将要发生的动作，不合题意，首先排除。当分词与主句的主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，状语用现在分词，排除D项。句意：这位生意人因先遭受了重大损失，继而失去了把生意进展下去的勇气。当分词的动作或状态先于主句谓语动词而发生时，应使用现在分词的完成式having done来表示，因此，排除B项。 答案 A 例2 Robert is said _ abroad，but I dont know what country he st
87、udied in Ato have studied Bto study Cto be studying Dto have been studying 解析 本题考查不定式完成时的用法，不定式完成时表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，提示在后半句but I dont know what country he studied in，这说明他过去在国外留过学。 答案 A 例3 _ their hats into the air，the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory ATo throw BThrown CThrowing DBe
88、ing thrown 解析 根据句意，获胜的球迷应是一边扔帽子一边发出欢呼声，两个动作应是同时进行的，doing表示动作同时进行。 答案 C 方法二 逻辑关系判断法 从题中找到非谓语动词的动作发出者，即逻辑主语，而后再判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系，主动还是被动，从而确定答案。若非谓语动词作状语时，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。 例1 As soon as she entered the room，the girt caught sight of the flowers _ by her mother Abuying Bbeing bought Cwere
89、bought Dbought 解析 从句子的意思我们可以看出，买的动作发生在谓语动词enter和caught之前，另外句子中的the flowers与buy之间是被动关系，所以我们应该用过去分词。而C项不能选的原因是：它的句型结构不正确，如果变为which were bought，则我们也可以选择。 答案 D 例2 To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can Aspeak Bspeaking Cspoken Dto speak 解析 在句中去寻找speak的逻辑主语
90、English，然后判断English和speak是被动关系。 答案 C 例3 He was busy writing a story，only _ once in a while to smoke a cigarette Ato stop Bstopping Cto have stopped Dhaving stopped 解析 根据句意，他正忙着写小说，偶尔停下来去抽一根烟。stop的逻辑主语是句子的主语是he，主动关系。 答案 B 例4 Finding her car stolen， _ . Aa policeman was asked to help Bthe area was sea
91、rched thoroughly Cit was looked for everywhere Dshe hurried to a policeman for help 解析 非谓语动词find的逻辑主语应是人，所以答案中的主语应为she。 答案 D 方法三 习惯用法 学习非谓语动词时，要注意哪些动词后用动词不定式，哪些动词后用动名词。 例1 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it Ato see Bto be seen Cseein
92、g Dseen 解析 在第二个分句中it是形式主语，whether从句为真正的主语。remain在此处为“仍然要”的意思，后接不定式表被动意义。 答案 B 例2 You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting Well，now I regret _ that Ato do Bto be doing Cto have done Dhaving done 解析 表示后悔做了某事，用regret doing sth或regret having done sth。 答案 D 例3 The patient was warned _ oil
93、y food after the operation Ato eat not Beating not Cnot to eat Dnot eating 解析 本题考查动词warn的用法，warn sbnot to do sth。 答案 C 例4 I would love _ to the party last night but to work extra hours to finish a report Ato go Bto have gone Cgoing Dhaving gone 解析 本题考查不定式的完成时的用法，昨天晚上我非常想去参加晚会，但我必须加班完成我的报告，言外之意，昨天晚上我
94、没有参加这个晚会，因此用would love to have done表示想做而没有做成的事。 答案 B 例5 As I will be away for at least a year，Id appreciate _ from you now and then _ me how everyone is getting along Ahearing；tell Bto hear；tell Chearing；telling Dto hear；to tell 解析 appreciate doing感谢，感激。句意：我出去至少有一年时间，所以，如果你经常给我写信，告诉我大家的情况，我会非常感激你的。
95、答案 C 互动训练 11 In order to gain a bigger share in the international market，many state-run companies are striving _ their products more competitive Ato make Bmaking Cto have made Dhaving made 12 AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years Athat
96、 it is Bto be Cthat it has been Dto have been 13 I dont know whether you happen _ ，but Im going to study in the USA this September Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard 14 Where is Smith? He said he would meet us here at three o clock? He seems _ with MrBrown in the office Ato talk Bta
97、lking Cto be talking Bto have talked 15 Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday Ahave been missing Bhave got lost Cbe missing Dget lost 16 The plan _ for the trip next week is very important Amade Bto be made Cmaking Dhas been made 17 Your s
98、ister is said _ in the supermarket when she was doing shopping yesterday Ato be treated badly Bto have been treated badly Cbeing badly treated Dtreating badly 18 The teacher asked us _ so much noise Adont make Bnot make Cnot making Dnot to make 21 It is silly of me _ all eggs in one basketThat was t
99、he worst mistake I ve ever made Ato put Bto have put Cputting Dhaving put 22 It is brave _ you to put up your hand to answer the question asked by the foreign teacher Aof Bfor Cto Das 23 My job was to wash bottles，which would then be filled with wine，or _ the filled bottles in boxes Ato put Bputting
100、 Chaving put Dbeing put 24 I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybodybut the managers plan is unfair Ato sound Bto be sounded Csounding Dto have sounded 25 He felt it a great honour _ to visit me when I was in his city Ato have been taken Bto have taken Chaving taken Dbeing taken 26 My advisor en
101、couraged _ a summer coupe to improve my writing skills Afor me taking Bme taking Cfor me to take Dme to take 27 They knew her very wellThey had seen her _ up from childhood Agrow Bgrew Cgrowing Dto grow 28 Why did you sell this old TV at such a low price? I did it only because I was made _ so Ado Bt
102、o do Cdoing Dto doing 29 Excuse me sir，where is Room 301? Just a minuteI ll have Bob _ you to your room Ashow Bshows Cto show Dshowing 210 MrBrown，whom I couldnt get _ my offer，always liked doing things on his own. Ato accept Baccept Caccepting Daccepted 211 Will you be able to attend the lecture _
103、next week? Agiving Bgiven Cto be given Dbeing given 212 Id like to buy an expensive camera Well，we have several models _ . Ato choose from Bto choose Cto be chosen Dfor choice 213 When I handed the report to John，he said that George was the person _ . Ato send Bfor sending it Cto send it to Dfor sen
104、ding it to 214 _ this cake，you ll need 2 eggs，175g sugar and 175g flour AHaving made BMake CTo make DMaking 215 Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music Amaking herself hear Bto make herself hear Cmaking herself heard Dto make herself heard 216 Which do you enjoy _ your weekends，boating or
105、fishing? Aspending Bto spend Chaving spent Dto have spent 217 Do you think you are brave enough _ bungee jumping? Atrying Bin trying Cto try Dand try 218 The new reporters hurried to the airport，only _ the film star had left Ato tell Bto be told Ctelling Dtold 219 It was unbelievable that the fans w
106、aited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars Ahad Bhaving Cto have D have 31 The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful， _ them more terrible Anot make Bdont make Cnot making Dnot to make 32 You should have thanked her before she left I meant _
107、，but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere Ato do Bto Cdoing Ddoing so 33 Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong Aadmit Badmitted Cadmitting Dto admit 34 Rather than _ on a crowded bus，he always prefers _ a bicycle Aride；fide Briding；ride Cride；to ride Dto ride；riding
108、 35 If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week，better _ ityou ve got some big bills coming Aforget Bforgot Cforgetting Dto forget 36 Id rather have a room of my own，however small it is，than _ a room with someone else Ashare Bto share Csharing Dto have shared 37 I usually go there b
109、y train Why not _ by boat for a change? Ato try going Btrying to go Cto try and go Dtry going 41 I ve worked with children before，so I know what _ in my new job Aexpected Bto expect Cto be expecting Dexpects 42 As a journalist you should first decide what events _ before you make some interviews Are
110、ported Bto report Cto be reported Dreporting 5 What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night? I lost my way in complete darkness and， _ things worse，it began to pour. Amaking Bto make Chaving made Dmade 6 Dont worryI ve _ a car to pick up the guests at the station at 6 o clock Aarran
111、ged Barranged for Cprepared Dprepared for 71 Will you please tell me why you had no pen _ in class，Kate? Ato have written Bto be written with Cto have been written Dto write with 72 I like getting up very early in summer The morning air is so good _ . Ato be breathed Bto breathe Cbreathing Dbeing br
112、eathed 73 MrGreen stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy，saying that he was not the one _ Ablamed Bblaming Cto blame Dto be blamed 11 When I caught him cheating(欺骗) me，I stopped _ things in his shop Abuying Bbuy Cto buy Dbought 12 It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any conside
113、ration Aaccept Baccepting Cto accept Daccepted 13 What worried the boy most was _ to visit his father in the hospital Ahis not allowing Bhis not being allowed Chaving not been allowed Dhis being not allowed 14 Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan Ahis being not able Bhim no
114、t to be able Chis not being able Dhim to be not able 21 Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview _ the answers ready will be of great help ATo have had BHaving had CHave DHaving 22 I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island Ato have had time Bhaving time Cto have time Dto ha
115、ving time 23 MrReed make up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children Aset up Bsetting up Chave set up Dhaving set up 24 Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers? Amark Bbe marked Cbeing marked Dmarking 25 The old man is walking hard against winds with a _ stick in his handL
116、ets help him Awalk Bwalked Cwalking Dwalker 31 _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement AThe president will attend BThe president to attend CThe president attended DThe presidenta attending 32 The discovery of new evidence led to _ . Athe thief having caught Bcatch the thief Cth
117、e thief being caughtDthe thief to be caught 33 Henry doesnt seem like the same person _ so much in the war has made him more thoughtful AFor him to see BHis seeing CHaving seen DTo have seen 11 More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays， _ advantage of the health and relaxation be
118、nefits Ataking Btaken Chaving taken Dhaving been taken 12 The old man， _ abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland Ato work Bworking Cto have worked Dhaving worked 13 _ of danger in the street at night，she had to go home，with a friend _ her AWarned；followed BWarning；following CHav
119、ing warned；following DHaving been warned；following 14 Having no money but _ to know， he simply said he would go without dinner Anot to want anyone Bwanted no one Cnot wanting anyoneDto want no one 15 _ that he was in great danger，Eric walked deeper into the forest ANot realized BNot to realize CNot
120、realizing DNot to have realized 21 The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert Acovering Bcovered Ccover Dto cover 22 The programme was so _ that the children kept their eyes _ on the screen Aexciting；fixed Bexciting；fixing Cexcited；fixed Dexcited；fixing 23 Why did you go back to
121、 the shop? I left my friend _ there Awaiting Bto wait Cwait Dwaits 24 Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth Arun Brunning Cbeing run Dto run 25 He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. Aput Bto be putting Cto put Dputting 26 We often provide our childr
122、en with toys， footballs or basketballs， _ that all children like these things Athinking Bthink Cto think Dthought 27 Dont sit there _ nothing，Come and help me with this table Ado Bto do Cdoing Dand doing 28 The storm left， _ a lot of damage to this area Acaused Bto have caused Cto cause Dhaving caus
123、ed 29 _ ，the more expensive the camera，the better its quality AGeneral speaking BSpeaking general CGenerally speaking DSpeaking generally 31 _ with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time AFaced BFace CFacing DTo face 32 No matter how frequently _ ， the works of Beethoven still attrac
124、t all over the world Aperformed Bperforming Cto be performed Dbeing performed 41 The repairs cost a lot，but its money well _ . Ato spend Bspent Cbeing spent Dspending 42 The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century Ahaving written Bto be written Cbei
125、ng written Dwritten 43 We finished the run in less than half the time _ . Aallowing Bto allow Callowed Dallows 44 The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _ . Ahear Bto hear Chearing Dheard 45 Jenny hopes that MrSmith will suggest a good way to have her English _ in a short period
126、 Aimproved Bimproving Cto improve Dimprove 46 When _ ，the museum will be open to the public next year Acompleted Bcompleting Cbeing completed Dto be completed 47 _ in his papers，he didnt notice my coming. AHaving absorbed BAbsorbed CAbsorbing DBeing absorbed 48 _ the general state of his health， it
127、may take him a while to recover from the operation AGiven BTo give CGiving DHaving given 51 When _ help，one often says “Thank you” or“Its kind of you” Aoffering Bto offer Cto be offered Doffered 52 When first _ to the market， these products enjoyed great success Aintroducing Bintroduced Cintroduce D
128、being introduced 53 It is believed that if a book is _ ，it will surely _ the reader Ainterested；interest Binteresting；be interested Cinterested；be interesting Dinteresting；interest 54 MrSmith， _ of the speech，started to read a novel Atired；boring Btiring；bored Ctired；bored Dtiring；boring 55 The pilo
129、t asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing Aseat Bseating Cseated Dto be seating 61 The meeting _ over，he went to pick up his son directly Ato be Bis Cwas Dbeing 62 _ ，we ll go out for a walk AWeather permits BWeather to permit CWeather permitted DWeather permi
130、tting 63 Everything _ into consideration，they ought to have another chance Ato take Btaken Cto be taken Dtaking 64 With a lot of difficult problems _ ，the newly-elected president is hav-ing a hard time Asettled Bsettling Cto settle Dbeing settled 65 I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _ . A
131、going on Bgoes on Cwent on Dto go on 66 I send you 100 dollars today，the rest _ in a year Afollows Bfollowed Cto follow Dbeing followed 67 An expert _ to help them to-morrow，they tire sure to work out the problem Awill come Bcoming Cto come Dhaving come 11 _ hardly made Allan pay any attention to _
132、his mistakes AScolding；correcting BBeing scolded；correct CBeing scolded；correcting DHaving been scolded；correct 12 _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old AThe walk BWalking CTo walk DWalk 13 Something as simple as _ some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure Ato drink Bdri
133、nking Cto be drinking Ddrunk 14 It is no use _ without doing Ato promise Bpromising Cpromise Dto be promised 15 There no point _ time Ato waste Bwaste Cin a waste of Din wasting 16 _ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for AThe girl was educated BThe girl educated C，The gir
134、ls educating DThe girls being educated 21 The officers narrowly escaped _ in the hot battle Ahave killed Bto kill Cto be killed Dbeing killed 22 There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay，so I wish you good luck Abeing persuaded Bpersuading Cto be persuaded Dto persuade 23 How did you get in touc
135、h with MrBen? Well，it seems to me that you ve forgotten _ me his address Ato tell Bto have told Ctelling Dbeing told 24 She searched the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path Ato have rested Bresting Cto rest Drest 25 If you think that treating a woman well means always
136、 _ her permission for things，think again Agets Bgot Cto get Dgetting 26 People cant help _ the foolish and the lazy succeed Ato make Bmaking Cget Dgetting 27 Quite a few people used to believe that disaster _ ，if a mirror was broken Awas sure of striking Bwas sure of having struck Cwas sure to be st
137、ruck Dwas sure to strike 28 We need _ whether the trees need _ . Aasking；to water Bto ask；watering Casking；watering Dto ask；to water 29 Will the Smiths be going to France this summer? No，they finally decided _ . Ato Bnot going Cnot to Dnot to be going 210 I cant stand _ with Jane in the same officeS
138、he just refuses _ talking while she works Aworking；stopping Bto work；stopping Cworking；to stop Dto work；to stop 31 His words were very _ Everyone was _ by what he had said Afrightened；frightening Bfrightening；frightening Cfrightened；frightened Dfrightening；frightened 32 When he got back he found the
139、 windows destroyed in the hurricane remained _ . Abroke Bbroken Cbreak Dbreaking 41 If theres a lot of work _ ，Im happy to just keep on until it is finished Ato do Bto be doing Cdone Ddoing 42 Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me? No problem Aseat Bsit Cseated Dsat 43 The trees _ in the
140、storm have been moved off the road Abeing blown down Bblown down Cblowing down Dto blow down 44 It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year Afinding Bbeing found Cto find Dfound 45 The last one _ pays the meal Agreed Aarrived Barrives Cto arrive Darriving 51 Did the book give
141、 the information you needed? YesBut _ it，I had to read the entire book Ato find Bfind Cto be finding Dfinding 52 _ that she was going off to sleep，I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed ASeeing BTo see CSee DSeen 53 Ideally _ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue，the New York Park Hotel i
142、s a favorite with many guests Alocating Bbeing located Chaving been located Dlocated 6The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons _ for the day Afinishing Bfinished Chad finished Dwent finished 71 After a knock at the door，the child heard his mother voice _ him Acalling Bcalled Cbei
143、ng called Dto call 72 I smell something _ in the kitchenCan I call you back in a minute? Aburning Bburnt Cbeing burnt Dto be burnt 73 He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures Ainterested Binteresting Cinterest Dto interest 74 Laws that punish parents fo
144、r their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _ Aworried Bto worry Cworrying Dworry 75 MrsWhite found her husband surrounded by letters and papers and _ very worried Alook Blooks Clooking Dto look 76 It was too cold yesterday morning， and I couldnt get my car _ . Why didnt you try _
145、the battery with some hot water? Astarted；to fill Bto run；filling Cgoing；fill Dstarting；filling 成功体验 11 _ in the queue for half an hour， the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car AWaiting BTo wait CHaving waited DTo have waited 12 _ the project as planned，we ll have to work two
146、 more hours a day ACompleting BComplete CCompleted DTo complete 13 I hear they ve promoted Tom，but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone Ato promote Bhaving been promoted Chaving promoted Dto be promoted 14 The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time Ato be
147、 completed Bhaving been completed Ccompleted Dbeing completed 21 Come on，please give me some ideas about the project SorryWith so much work _ my mind，I almost break down Afilled Bfilling Cto fill Dbeing filled 22 The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _ . Ato be heard B
148、to have heard Chearing Dbeing heard 23 When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _ for a space flight Atraining Bbeing trained Cto have trained Dto be trained 24 Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon Asaid Bsays Csaying Dto say 31 Susan wanted to be i
149、ndependent of her parentsShe tried _ alone，but she didnt like it and moved back home Aliving Bto live Cto be living Dhaving lived 32 They re quiet，arent they? YesThey are accustomed _ at meals Ato talk Bto not talk Cto talking Dto not talking 33 You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the
150、snowstorm Awalked Bwalk Cto walk Dwalking 34 We had an anxious couple of weeks _ for the results of the experiment Await Bto be waiting Cwaited Dwaiting专题十 非谓语动词考点知识清单互动训练动词不定式 11 A 动词不定式作目的状语，表示努力的目的。句意：为了在国际市场上取得更大的份额，许多国有公司正努力使自己的产品具有竞争性。 12 D 句意：据说，在过去的几年中，艾滋病对于那个地区的男女来说已是最大的挑战。It is said that从句
151、可转为sbsthbe said to doto be doingto have done的形式。由此可淘汰A、C两项，由于句子中的时间状语over the past few years要用完成时。 13 D 此处用不定式的完成式表示该动作在主句动作之前发生。“不知道你是否已经听说了”。 14 C 根据句意，Smith看来正在与MrBrown谈话，所以用to be doing表示正在做某事。 15 A 句意：警方正搜寻一位女士，据报道，自从上周五洪水侵袭该地区后，她就失踪了。who is reported to作a woman的定语。根据since引导的时间状语从句可判断该空应填have bee
152、n missing。 16 B 动词不定式作定语修饰前名词the plan，又因为plan与动词为被动，所以用to be made。 17 B 现在说昨天的事情应用动词不定式的完成形式，又因为主语和treat之间应为被动关系。 18 D 动词不定式前加not构成否定式。 21 B 后句语境提示That was the worst mistnke，说明这一动作发生在过去，故应用不定式完成式表示动作已发生。 22 A 此题brave说明了you的特征，可转化成You are brave to 23 A 此句可先去掉句中插入的定语从句简化句子后解题，这样可以更容易地发现句中含有一对称结构，to wa
153、sh botties和填入的to put，不定式作表语。句意：我的工作是清洗瓶子这些瓶子稍后会装入酒，或者是把装好酒的瓶子装箱。 24 A 五个感官系动词look，sound，taste，feel，smell不用被动形式。句意：我不想让别人听起来像是在说别人坏话，但是经理的计划是不会平的。 25 A 这里考查feel+it+adjn+to do sth.结构，不定式作真正的宾语。由题意知是“已经被带去拜访我”。 26 D encourage sbto do sth意为“鼓励某人做某事”，encourage后跟不定式作宾补。 27 A see sbdo sth句型中，省略to的动词不定式表示整个
154、过程。 28 B make sbdo sth句型中，将make变为被动语态时，作宾语补语的不定式应保留to符号。 29 A have sbdo sth“让某人做某事”。 2. 10 A 句中含有定语从句，get sbto do sth“让某人做某事”。 211 C 下周举行的lecture，用不定式作定语表示动作将要发生，而且give与被修饰的名词lecture之间是被动关系。 212 A choose后面要用from，表示从models中选择。 213 C 动词不定式作定语，to send the report to修饰the person。 214 C 句意：做这种蛋糕，需要两个鸡蛋，17
155、5克糖和175克面粉。常用不定式来表示目的。 215 D 此处用不定式来表目的。make herself heard中过去分词作宾语补足语。make与hear之间为被动关系，意为“让别人听见她的声音”。 2. 16 B 动词不定式to spend your weekends作目的状语。 217 C be brave enough后接不定式作结果状语。 218 B 本题考查不定式作结果状语，强凋出乎意料的结果，主语和tell之间又是动宾关系。 219 C 此处用不定式表目的。句意：球迷们为了看一眼那些运动明星，在体育馆外等候了三个小时，这真是不可思议。 31 D 两个动词不定式并列时，后面的to
156、可以省略，但对比意味很强时不能省略。 32 B I meant to是不定式的省略形式，to后省略了thank her，意为“我本打算感谢她”。meant to do sth意为“本想做某事”。 33 A 该句中的but是介词，后接动词不定式。当but前的句子中有实义动词do的某种形式(do，does，did，done)时，后接不带to的不定式；是其他动词时，后接带to的不定式。该句的谓语是could do nothing，要填动词原形admit。 34 C 根据prefer to do A rather than do B或prefer doing A to doing B句型可知。 35
157、A 句意：如果你有在本周花钱买快乐的想法，最好(还是)忘了它(那个想法)吧你有几个大单要买呢!You had better(not)do sth在口语中常被简化为：Better(not)do sth 36 A would rather+动词原形than+动词原形意为“宁愿不愿”。 37 D 抓住题干中的for a change便知why not do表示一种建议，而try to do是“尽力设法做某事”，try doing是“试着做某事”。 41 B 句意：我知道在我新工作中期待什么。expect和what是动宾关系。 42 B 做为一名记者，你应该首先决定采访的事件。what events
158、to report为“连接代词+动词不定式”结构。 5. B to make things worse意为“使事情更糟的是”。不定式表示动作发生在后，也可以理解为固定结构作插入成分，所以B正确。 6. B 本题考查不定式的复合结构。arrange for sbto do sth安排某人做某事。 71 D 当不定式作定语所修饰的词是不定式所表示动作发生的地点或使用的工具时，不定式末尾需加上必要的介词。 72 B be+adj+to do结构中，不定式的动词与主语是动宾关系。 73 C 句意：格林先生站了出来以保护那位16岁的男孩，他说小男孩不该对此负责。to blame在此句作the one的定
159、语。to blame为固定用法，只能用主动形式。动名词 11 A 本题考查stop doing和stop to do 的区别。stop doing意为“停止故某事”，意为“stop to do停下原来的班去做另一件事”。 12 B 句意：很难想象他没做任何考虑就接受了这个决定。在imagine后要用v-ing形式作宾语，类似的词还有appreeiate，enjoy，spend，insist on等。 13 B the boy和allow之间是被动关系，排除A。ones doing 否定形式为ones not doing。 14 C apologize for doing sth因某事而道歉，介
160、词for之后必须是名词或v-ing形式，所以B和D都不对；A项not的位置不对。 21 D 本题考查动名词作主语。A、B两项表示已完成的动作，而句意只是强调一个一般性的动作，因此排除A、B两项，又因原形动词句意只构成祈使句。不能作句子的主语，因此排除C项。句意：为参加应聘做好准备很有必要，把回答的内容准备好大有帮助。 22 B appreciate后接动名词作宾语。 23 B devote sthto后接动名词作宾语。实际上，all he had作devote的宾语，其中he had是一个定语从句。句意：利德先生决定用自己所有的力量为贫困儿童建造几所学校。 24 D 句意：你还不该认真阅卷吗?
161、此题的关键是get down to (开始认真做)短语中，to是介词，后应跟doing形式。排除A、B，mark the papers阅卷评分，用主动形式，故选D项。 25 C a walking stick意为“拐棍，手杖”相当于a stick for walking，根据题意可选出C。 31 D the presidents attendirig the meeting是动名词的复合结构，在句中作主语。 32 C lead to导致，后接名词，因此排除B项。小偷被抓，被动关系，排除A项。D项意为“将被抓住的小偷”，显然不合题意。更正式的说法是：the thiefs being caught
162、。 33 B v-ing形式的复合结构为“名词名词所有格或代词的宾格形容词性物主代词+v-ing”。但在主语位置时，只能使用所有格。分词 11 A 本句考查非谓语动词的用法。句子的主语people与take是主动关系，故排除B项及D项；having taken是动词-ing形式的完成式，表示这一动作发生在谓语动作之前，显然，此句谓语sign up与take无先后关系，故排除C项。 12 D 根据句意：这位老人在国外工作了20年后，现在在回国的路上。work应先发生。 13 D she和warn之间是被动关系，排除B、C，warn动作先于谓语动词，故用完成式，排除A。 14 C but为并列连词
163、，前后应用相同的动词-ing分词短语结构，所以C项正确。 15 C 首先判断Eric和realize应是主动关系，所以用realizing，not放于realizing前即构成否定式。 21 A 句意：这些野花就像是覆盖在沙漠上的柔软的桔色的地毯。本题考查非谓语动词作定语，blanket与cover在逻辑上为主动关系，排除B、C两项；D项表将来不符合题意。 22 A exci ng通常修饰物，excited通常修饰人或与人有关的事物。第二空their eyes和fix应是被动关系。 23 A leave sbsthdoing使处于某状态，waiting作宾补。 24 B 本题考查leave+宾
164、语+宾语补足语。leave在此处的意思是“留下；使仍处于某种状态”。当leave后的宾语和宾补是逻辑上的主动关系时，宾补常用现在分词，“leave+宾语+v-ing”句型。 25 D catch sbdoing sth正巧碰到(抓住)某人做某事。 26 A 句意：我们经常会给孩子一些玩具、足球、篮球等，认为所有的孩子都会喜欢这类东西。本题主要考查非谓语动词的用法，其中主语we就是一个关键词，它与think之间是逻辑上的主动关系，表原因。 27 C 句意：别坐在那儿无所事事。过来帮我抬桌子。根据句子结构判断所填的动词应为伴随状语，因此选doing。B项to do不可表伴随，A项do为谓语动词，D
165、项去掉连词and才正确。 28 D 不定式作结果状语往往引出“出乎意料”的结果，暴风雨带来的危害显然不是意料之外的事情，故C项不对。本句这样表述可能更容易理解：The storm，having caused a lot of damage to this area，left或者：Having caused a lot of damage to this area，the storm left显然，题干句的说法避免了“头重脚轻”的现象。句意：这次暴风雨给本地带来了很大危害后，停止了。 29 C generally speaking一般说来，已成为固定的习惯用语，常用作插入语，所以选C。 31 A
166、 句意：遇到如此多的困难，所以我们没能按时完成任务。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。主句主语与face(使面对)之间的关系为逻辑上的被动关系。 32 A 句意：不管贝多芬的作品上演多么频繁，它们依然吸引着全世界的人们。考查非谓语动词的用法。根据the works这一关键词可知应用“被动”，但是to be performed表“将来”：being performed表“正在进行”；performed表“被动、完成”，并且题中的still可以是第二关键词。 41 B 此句考查的是用分词作定语。此处的money与spend之间的关系是被动关系，故选B。A表目的或结果状语；C表正在被花费；D表主动关系。 4
167、2 D A项不能作后置定语；B项表示未来的动作；C项表示正在进行的动作；textbooks与write之间有被动关系。但题干中的the first text books和came out in the 16th century可暗示选written表示被动且有完成的意思。 43 C 过去分词作定语。因为the time和allow是被动关系。 44 D make oneself done是惯用法，在本题的意思是“使自己的声音被别人听到”。 45 A have her English improved使她的英语被提高。 46 A complete与museum是被动关系，要用过去分词comple
168、ted作状语，表示被动。句意:当这座博物馆建成后，将在明年向公众开放。to be complete作目的状语，不与when连用。 47 B absorb常出现在be absorbed in结构中，强调主语处于某种状态。 48 A given过去分词作独立成分使用。 51 D 非谓语动词作状语，首先要弄清主句主语one与offer之间的关系为被动关系，排除A、B两项；C项与when连用不能作状语。When offered help，one often says=When one is offered help，one often says 52 B 非谓语动词作状语。做此题先找主句主语与非谓语动
169、词之间的主、被动关系，很显然是排除A、C；B项作状语相当于状语从句：When these products were first introdueed to the market；D项作状语相当于状语从句：When these products were first being introduced to the market，很显然D项所用时态不符合逻辑，B项正是本题所要求的时态。 53 D 此题考查的是interest的不同用法:动词interest表示“使感兴趣”；现在分词形式interesting表示具有某种特征“令人感兴趣的”；过去分词interested表示“对感兴趣”，主语通常是
170、人。 54 A 句意：MrSmith听烦了乏味的演讲，读起了小说。下面这两个句子可帮助理解题干句：MrSmith was tired of the speechThe speech was boring 55 C remain seated“保持坐着”表状态，也可用sitting代替seated。 61 D 前后两部分无连词连接，仅用逗号相隔，故第一部分不能以句子形式出现，排除B、C；由语境可知“会议结束了，他就直接去接儿子了”，排除A，选用D形成独立结构，此时，因逻辑主语是名词the meeting，being还可省略。 62 D 根据题意“如果天气允许的话，我们出去散步。”可知，天气允许是
171、条件状语，但允许这个动作自己的逻辑主语“天气”，出现在句子里了，就要看“允许”和“天气”之间的关系，因为是主动关系，所以要用weather pennitting，故选项D正确。 63 B 根据句子结构可知前半部分作状语，everything和take之间是被动关系，排除A和D，该句又相当于条件状语，排除C。 64 C with+宾语+to do结构中，to do表将来。 65 A 本题考查“with”+宾语+补语结构，作伴随状语。根据题意可知空格处为补语成分需用非谓语动词而排除B、C两项。虽然A、D两项都可以作补语但两者所表示的时间不同，A项中的going on表示正在进行，而to go on
172、表示将来的动作，又因是作伴随状语，因此选择A项，排除D项。 66 C 本题考查非谓语动词。从题中in a year这一时间状语暗示将来，可知A、B两项错误；the rest与follow之间是主动关系，故D项错误。不定式表示将要发生的事情，故C项正确。 67 C 句意：有位专家明天要来帮助他们，因此他们肯定会解决问题的。故空白处用不定式体现要发出的动作。因两部分之间是逗号无连词，故空白处不能用A形成句子，只能用C形成独立主格结构。 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较 11 C 因为to是介词，pay，attention to后应跟名词、代词或动名词。故排除B、D；分析句子成分可知，第一个空在句中作
173、主语，C中being scolded是动名词的被动形式作主语。 12 B v-ing作主语通常表示习惯性、泛指、经常性、不具体的动作。而不定式作主语则表示一次性、特指、未来、具体的动作。题干中的a good form暗示这个动作是泛指的，经常性的。 13 B as simple as drinking some cold waler修饰something作定语。 14 B 本题考查v.-ing形式作主语的用法。it为形式主语，真正的主语是promising without doing。 15 D 本题考查v.-ing形式的固定用法。句意：浪赞费时间是没有意义的。 16 D 本句相当于主语从句T
174、hat the girl could be edueated in an atmosphere of simple living。 21 D escape只能接动名词作宾语，句意：军官们勉强逃过在激战中被杀的厄运。应用动名词的被动式“being killed”。 22 D try作“努力”讲时，后跟动词不定式作宾语。 23 C forget doinghaving done意为“某事已做，但忘了”；forget to do sth.意为“忘记去做某事”。根据语境可以得知，“你告诉过我本先生的地址，但你忘了”。 24 C stop to do sth.=stop and do sth是停下所做的
175、事而去做另一件事。stop doing sth.是停止做某事。 25 D 句意：如果你认为善侍一位女士就得事事经过她的同意，那么你要三思。句中mean的意思是“意味着”，其后接v.-ing形式，注意mean to do的意思是“打算做某事”。 26 A 句意：人们无法帮愚蠢和懒惰的人成功。“帮忙做某事”为help(to)do，所以答案为A。 27 D 句意：过去，相当一部分人认为，如果一个镜子被打破，灾难就会降临。be sure of doing的主语必须是人，表示(人)对有把握。be sure to do sth表示某事一定会发生。 28 B need用于实义动词表示“需要，想要”时，如果主
176、语是人，而且是need后面动词所表示的动作的执行者，那么need后只能接不定式；如果主语是物，而且need后面动词动作与主语之间存在被动关系，那么need后接doing，或to be done。 29 C decide的用法为decide to do，而不定式的否定式要在to do前加not，所以此题答案为decided not to do，但在此题中do，省略。 210 C 句意：我无法忍受和简在同一办公室工作。她在工作的时候总是不停地说话。cant stand(doing)sth意为“不能忍受(做)某事”；refuse to do sih意为“拒绝做某事”。 31 D frightenin
177、g表示令人感到害怕；frightened表示人的心理状态，表示感到害怕。 32 B 句意：他回去后，发现飓风中毁坏的窗户还是破碎的样子。“窗户”与“打破”是被动关系，所以应选过去分词表状态。 41 A 动词不定式to do作定语修饰名词work。 42 C seated作定语修饰those，也可用sitting。 43 B 被暴风雨刮倒的树，所以用过去分词blown down修饰trees。 44 D 这是今年到现在为止找到的网上最可笑的事情之一。事情和find应是被动关系。 45 C 当名词或代词前有the last修饰时，应用动词不定式作后置定语。 5. 1 A 动词不定式作目的状语。 5
178、2 A seeing作原因状语。 53 D 句意：因为处于方便到达百老汇剧院及第五大道的理想之地，纽约公园酒店成为大量客人的首选之地。locate与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，表原因。 6.B 逗号不能连接两个句子，当两句话并列时，需要并列连词，而题干中没有并列连词，排除C、D两项；由于没有连词可判断逗号后应为独立主格结构作状语，lessons与finish为被动关系。 71 A 考查非谓语动词形式作宾补，宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上主动关系，排除B、C项。hear+宾语+宾补，若用不定式作宾补，不定式符号to要省略，排除D项。 72 A burnt(烧焦)表完成；being burnt(正在
179、被烧毁)表进行被动；to be burnt(会被烧毁)表将来被动；burning(在烧焦)表正在进行。 73 A make为使役动词，其宾语them与宾补interested存在逻辑主谓关系。 74 A 这是一个复合句。that引导的是修饰laws的限制性定语从句。句意：因幼小的子女违法而惩罚父母的法律让父母们忧心忡忡。 75 C look短语与surrounded短语同时用作宾语补足语。her husband和look之间是主动关系，故用looking。 76 B geT my ear to run或get my car started或get my car going都表示将我的车开动，而
180、第二空try doing sth.表示“尝试做某事”。方法技巧清单成功体验 11 C having waited所表示的动作是发生在主句谓语动词之前，据题意等了半小时之后才意识到。 12 D 动词不定式表将来，作目的状语。句意：为了按计划完成这项工程,我们必须每天多工作2个小时。 13 B mentlon后跟动名词形式，且promote与Tom之间是动宾关系，用被动形式，又因promote发生在mention之前，用完成式。 14 C 句意：在19世纪初建成的市政厅是当时最辉煌的建筑。设空处作The Town Hall的定语，B项不作定语;A项表将来；C项表完成；D项表正在进行。 21 B w
181、ith+宾语+宾补结构中，宾语和宾补为逻辑主谓关系时，即work和fill为逻辑主谓关系时，fill用filling形式。 22 A 我说话是被别人听见，动词不定式表目的。 23 D 根据he和train之间为被动关系，排除A、C项；作目的状语，所以用不定式。 24 C sayin9作定语修饰名词letter。 31 A try doing表尝试做某事，try to do表尽力去做某事。 32 D be accustomed to doing sth习惯于做某事，to为介词。 33 D we had为定语从句，先行词为difficulty。句型为have difficulty(in)doing sth。 34 D 本题考查的句型为have a good time(in)doing sth，此题中的couple of weeks代替time。
