1、B4U21struggle vt. & vi.斗争;拼搏;努力4expand vt. & vi.使变大;伸展;阐述expansion n扩大;增加5circulate vt. & vi.循环;流传circulation n循环流通8equip vt. & vi.配备;装备equipment n设备(不可数)9export vt. & vi.输出;出口import vt. & vi.输入;入口;进口12confuse vt.使迷惑;使为难confusing adj.令人迷惑的confused adj.感到迷惑的confusion n迷惑13regret vt.遗憾;惋惜 n遗憾;懊悔regret
2、ful adj.后悔的16reduce vt.减少;缩减;简化reduction n缩小;减少1struggle vt. 搏斗;斗争;努力;挣扎n斗争;挣扎struggle with/against 与搏斗/斗争struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取struggle through 奋力通过struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事with a struggle 费劲地 即学即练1(1)They had to _ _ their lives _ weather and wild animals
3、.为了生存他们必须与天气和野兽抗争。(2)They had to _ _ all kinds of difficulties.他们得和各样的困难作斗争。(3)She _ _ _ _ _ her attacker.她挣扎着想摆脱那个袭击她的人。Struggle for against/struggle with / against/struggled to get away from (4)_ _ _ _, the old woman gained control of her business.经过长期努力,这位老妇人在业务上已能应付自如。 After a long struggle2expa
4、nd vt.&vi. 使变大;伸展;阐述expansion n. 扩张;膨胀;扩大;发展expansive adj. 扩张性的;开展性的;广阔的expand into/to 使扩大,变大expand on/upon 阐述,详谈 即学即练2(1)Metals _ when they are heated.金属受热会膨胀。(2)Weve _ _ _ by opening two more stores. 我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。(3)I repeated the question and waited for her to _.我把问题重复了一遍,等着她进行充分阐述。Expand/expan
5、ded the business/expand3. therefore adv.(as a result of that)因此;所以 即学即练3He was very tired and _ he fell sound asleep.He was very tired. _ he fell sound asleep.He was very tired, _ he fell sound asleep.他累得很,因此睡得很熟。Therefore/Therefore/so提示:therefore 是副词,不能引导从句,两个句子之间要用连词或者分号;而 so是连词,可接从句。4equip vt.&vi
6、. 配备;装备equipment n. U装备;设备equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事be equipped with sth. 装备有某物a piece of equipment 一件设备 即学即练4(1)Our classroom _ _ _ a TV set and a tape recorder.我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。(2)A g
7、ood education should _ _ _ _.良好的教育能使你受用终生。(3)Our school has been given _ _ _.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。is equipped with/equip you for life/some new equipment5regret v&n. 遗憾;后悔;惋惜refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝to ones regret 令人遗憾的是feel regretful for.对感到后悔express regret for/at/over sth. 对表示遗憾regretn.
8、/pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事regretthatclause 后悔,遗憾regret to say/tell/inform. 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知Its much to be regretted that. 令人遗憾的是 即学即练5(1)He regretted _ _ careless.He regretted _ _ _ _ careless.他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。(2)I regret _ _ you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我遗憾地通知你,我们不能雇用你。(3)_ _ _ _, I
9、 must leave now.令我很遗憾的是,我现在必须离开了。 (4)We heard _ _ that you were not successful in your plan. 听到你的计划不能顺利进行,我们觉得很可惜。Having been/that he had been/to inform/Much to my regret/withregret7reduce vt. 减少;缩减;简化reduce ones expenditure 减少某人的开支be reduced to despair 陷入绝望reduce to. 降至reduce by. 减少了 即学即练7(1)He per
10、suaded them to _ the price _ $1 000.他设法使他们的价格降到1 000美元。(2)Production costs have _ _ _ one third.生产成本下降了1/3。(3)The fire _ the forest _ a few trees.大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。Reduce to/been reduced by/reduced to8comment vt.评论 n评论,意见,议论ask for comment 征求意见make comments on sth.评论某事No comment. 无可奉告。Without comment.
11、不必多说。comment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论,对发表意见comment(v.)thatclause评论 即学即练8(1)Have you any _ _ the proposals?你对这些建议有什么意见吗?(2)It created _ _ in the press.这引起报界广泛的评论。(3)He made some useful _ _ my work.他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论。 (4)He _ that it was an excellent film.他评论这部电影很精彩。Comments on/wide comment/comments/on comment
12、ed10rid sb./oneself/sth. of sth. 使摆脱be/get rid of 去掉,摆脱;抛弃remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事be free of. 摆脱 即学即练10(1)One day we will manage to _ _ _ _ this terrible disease.总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。(2)You must _ _ _ these oldfashioned ideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念。(3)Well have to _ _ _ him.我们必须摆脱他
13、。(4)How can we _ _ _ all the flies in the kitchen?我们怎样才能把厨房内的苍蝇统统消灭掉?Rid the world of/rid yourself of/get rid of/get rid of12lead to 通向,导致,致使leadn.to sth. 引导到lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 即学即练12(1)The bank has offered a reward for any information _ the arrest of the men.银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。(2)What _ act
14、ing as a career?是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的?leading to/led you to take up提示:(1)lead to中的 to为介词,后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有:devote to 致力于/pay attention to 对加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期望,等等。(2)lead to 不用被动语态。(3)lead to 是前因后果,而 lie in (result from) 是前果后因。13keep.free from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等)使不含(有害物)free from
15、没有,免于,无之忧free of 无的;免于的,离开了的free sb./sth. from. 使某人/某物自由;解放;释放for freefree of charge 免费地,无偿地be free to do sth. 自由地做某事be free with sb. 对某人放肆free as the air 自由自在set sb. free 释放某人 即学即练13(1)_ the table _ dirt by putting a cover over it.用个东西把桌子罩住,免得灰尘落在上面。(2)The lake _ pollution.这湖没有污染。(3)The secretary _
16、 all blame for the errors.这些失误完全不能怪秘书。(4)Try to _ all prejudices.尽量消除一切偏见。Keep free from/is free of/was free from/free yourself from1.expand/extend/spread/stretch(1)expand“展开,扩大”,不仅指尺寸的增加,还可指范围和体积的扩大。(2)extend “伸出,延伸”,指空间范围的扩大,以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸,也可指时间的延长。(3)spread“伸开,传播”,一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围,如传播(疾病),散布(信息)等。 (
17、4)stretch“伸展,拉长”,一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展,不是加长。 应用1(1)The cat _ out in front of the fire.猫在火炉前伸开四肢。(2)The hot weather _ to October.炎热的天气一直持续到十月份。(3)As children grow older they _ their interests and become more confident.随着年龄的增长,孩子们的兴趣会变广泛,人也会变得更自信。Stretched/extended/expand (4)The fire soon _ to the nearby bu
18、ildings.火势不久就蔓延到邻近的建筑。spreadB4U33perform v执行;表演performer n表演者;演出者performance n执行;演出4astonish vt.使惊诧astonished adj.感到惊讶的astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的astonishment n惊讶7entertain vt. & vi.使欢乐;款待entertaining adj.愉快的,有趣的entertainment n娱乐9overcome vt. & vi.战胜;克服10convince vt.使信服convinced adj.坚信不移的convincing adj.
19、令人信服的11direct vt. & vi. &adj.导演;指示;指挥;直的;直接的;直率的direction n指导director n导演directly adv. & conj.直接地,径直地;一就16slide vt. & vi.(使)滑动;(使)滑行 n滑;滑动;幻灯片18react vi.作出反应;回应reaction n反应;回应2astonish vt. 使吃惊;使惊讶astonishing adj. 令人十分惊异的astonished adj. 感到十分惊讶的astonishment n. 惊讶to ones astonishment 使某人万分惊讶的是in astoni
20、shment 惊讶地be astonished at/by sth. 因某事而吃惊be astonished to do sth. 因干某事而吃惊 即学即练2(1)We _ the news of her sudden death.她突然去世的消息使我们震惊。(2)It _ us to hear that you did not receive our letter. 听说你还没收到我们的信,这使我们十分惊讶。(3)It was an _ story.这故事令人惊讶不已。were astonished at/astonished/astonishing3entertain vt.&vi. 使快
21、乐,款待entertaining adj. 引人发笑的,有趣的,娱乐的entertainment n. 招待,款待,娱乐entertain sb. with sth. 用使某人快乐entertain sb. to sth. 用招待/款待某人give an entertainment to sb. 招待某人 即学即练3(1)He often _ the children _ funny expressions. 他经常用滑稽的表情逗孩子们玩儿。(2)I usually _ my friends _ dinner on Sundays.我常在星期天请朋友们吃饭。(3)Its not a very
22、serious film, but a good _.这不是一部严肃的电影,而是一部很好的娱乐片。Entertains with/entertain to/entertainment4overcome v. 战胜;克服;征服be overcome by sth.使某人垮掉,使某人昏迷be overcome with emotion/excitement/horror/grief因情感/兴奋/恐怖/悲伤而不能自持 即学即练4(1)In the final game Sweden easily _ France.在决赛中,瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。(2)Her parents _ grief at
23、the funeral.在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。(3)The dead woman had _ smoke.这个女人是被烟呛死的。Overcame/were overcome with/been overcome by5convince vt.使确信,使信服,使认识convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的convinced adj.确信的;深信的;坚信的convince sb. of sth. 说服某人相信某事convince sb. that. 使某人信服(相信)be convinced of. 确信be/feel firmly convinced that. 确信;笃信;坚信
24、 即学即练5(1)We finally _ them _ our adventure.We finally _ them _ our adventure.我们最终令他们信服了我们的冒险经历。(2)Her smile _ him _ she was happy.她的微笑使他确信她快乐。(3)They _ the result of the experiment finally.他们最终相信了实验结果。(4)I _ his guilt._he is guilty.我确信他有罪。Convinced of/convinced to believe/convinced that/were convinc
25、ed of/am convinced ofthat (5)There is now _ evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.现有令人信服的证据说吸烟能导致肺癌。convincing6direct vt.&vi. 导演;指挥;指示adj. 径直的;直接的;直率的adv. 直接地direct sth. to/towards sth./sb.direct sth. at/against sth./sb.把对准(某方向或某人)direct sb. to sp. 给某人指路,为某人领路direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事that
26、从句(用虚拟语气)the direct road/train 直通道路/直达列车be in direct contact with sb. 与某人有直接的联系go direct to sp. 直接去某地 即学即练6(1)She prefers to _ rather than _.她宁愿当演员,不愿当导演。(2)The police officers had _ search the building. 警察奉命搜查这栋大楼。(3)The judge _ that the mother be given custody of the child. 法官判决这孩子由母亲照管。Act direct
27、/been directed to/directed8whisper v&n.低语,耳语,私语;私下说,低声地说in a whisper (in whispers) 低声地whisper about sth. 密谈某事It is whispered that. 有人私下说whisper to sb. 对某人窃窃私语即学即练8(1)They debated it _.他们低声辩论。(2)The two girls were _ in the library.这两个女孩在图书馆里低声说话。(3)After a few minutes, he _ the answer _ the creatures
28、 ear.过了几分钟,他小声在这个动物的耳旁说出答案。(4)_ that he was heavily in debt.据说他负债累累。in whispers/whispering/whispered in/It was whispered提示:whisper 后接双宾语时,间接宾语无论在前还是在后,其前都要带介词 to, 即whisper sth. to sb. whisper to sb. sth.。类似结构还有:announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释introduce sth. to sb. 向某人介绍suggest sth
29、. to sb. 向某人提议report sth. to sb. 向某人报告9react vi.&vt. 反应,反抗;起化学反应,起作用react to sth. 对作出反应react on (upon)对起作用,对有影响,对起反应react against 反抗,反对 即学即练9(1)How did he _ the news?他对这消息有何反应?(2)Will the people ever _ this dictator?有朝一日人民会起来反抗这位独裁者吗?(3)Applause _ a speaker.鼓掌对讲演者有影响。react to/react against/reacts on
30、/upon11pick out 选出;选拔;分辨出;领会pick on 选择(某人或某物)作受罚(挨骂、干不愉快的工作)的对象pick up 拾起,捡起;收拾,整理;得到;学会;用车接某人;收听到;身体好转pick off 摘下,摘掉;逐个地(或有选择地)瞄准射中 即学即练11(1)Let me _ some good ones for you.让我来替你挑几个好的。(2)Its easy to _ in a crowd because he is very tall.很容易从人群中辨认出他,因为他个子很高。(3)The bus _ passengers outside the airport
31、.公共汽车在机场外接乘客。pick out/pick him out/picks up12cut off 切掉,割掉,分离,隔离(常跟 from),中断cut across 抄近路穿过;对直穿过cut away 切掉,剪掉;逃走,跑开cut down 砍倒;(疾病等)夺去生命;削减,缩短;毁灭,破坏cut in 插嘴;突然插入cut into halves/pieces 切成两半/切碎cut out 切掉;删掉cut up 切碎,切掉;使丧气,使痛心 即学即练12(1)I had my hair _ and sold it.我把头发剪掉卖了。(2)Just when she had reached the most important point we _.她刚刚讲到最要紧的地方,我们的电话就被切断了。(3)We were completely _ the outside world.我们和外界完全隔绝了。cut off/were cut off/cut off from