1、专题一语法基础考点一冠词限时25分钟一、用适当的冠词填空，不需要填冠词的画“/”1_ tiger is _ dangerous animal.答案：A/The; a句意：老虎是一种危险的动物。第二空表泛指用a；表种类可以用a/an或the，tiger的首字母发音为辅音音素，第一空用A/The表示类指均可。2Jim, _ student, is studying hard.答案：aa student作为同位语使用，表泛指，对Jim进行解释说明。3I dont think the experiment is _ failure. At least we have gained _ experien
2、ce for future success.答案：a; /failure表示“失败”的概念时，是不可数名词；表示具体的“失败的人或事物”时，则为可数名词。类似的单词还有：danger, surprise, pleasure, success, honour, difficulty等。experience作“经历”讲时，是可数名词；作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词。4George couldnt remember when he first met Mr Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ chur
3、ch.答案：a; /句意：乔治不记得他是什么时候初见安德森先生的，但是他确定那是一个星期天，因为大家都在做礼拜。第一空用a表示泛指；at church “做礼拜”，at the church “在教堂”。5Of the two poems, I like the shorter one better. I think its really _ most interesting one.答案：a该空泛指一首非常有趣的诗。most相当于very，表示“非常”。6Exploring _ space is exciting, yet dangerous.答案：/space意为“太空”时是抽象名词，其前
4、不用冠词。7There was _ chair by the window. On _ chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.答案：a; the句意：窗户旁边有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一个婴儿。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词a；第二空指上文提到的那把椅子，应用定冠词the。8All the fellow workers were shocked by the news that Bob was appointed _ director of the factory.答案：/句意：所有工友对于鲍勃被任命为工厂主管的这一消息感
5、到很震惊。表职位或官衔的名词作补语时，前面多不带冠词。9I cant tell you _ way to the Wilsons because we dont have _ Wilson here in the village.答案：the; a句意：我无法告诉你去往威尔逊家的路，因为我们村子里没有一个叫威尔逊的人。way后面有介词短语作定语，是特指，因此way前应用定冠词；表示人名的专有名词Wilson在此泛指“一个叫威尔逊的人”，所以其前用不定冠词。10Tom is _ taller of the two boys.答案：the当用于比较级前表示“两者中较的”时，应用定冠词the。11I
6、 fell in love with the city _ first time I came here.答案：the句意：我第一次来这里的时候就爱上了这座城市。在序数词first前应用定冠词the。12The man caught the thief by _ arm.答案：the句意：那人抓住了小偷的胳膊。“动词sb.介词the身体部位”为固定结构，故应填the。13He was born in _ 1990s when his mother worked in a factory.答案：the句意：他出生于二十世纪九十年代，那时他的母亲在一家工厂工作。the 1990s “二十世纪九十年
7、代”，在表示世纪、年代的词前应用定冠词the。14It was _ great shock to the girl when word came that her close friend died in the severe earthquake of Haiti.答案：ashock意为“震惊；打击”，此处被形容词great修饰，是抽象名词具体化的用法，表示“一件很震惊的事”，所以用不定冠词。15_ Mr Li is now waiting for you on the first floor.答案：A不定冠词用于姓名或姓氏前表示泛指，意为“有个；某一”。16Youd better go a
8、broad by _ plane so as to get there earlier.答案：/表示交通工具的名词与by连用时，名词前不用冠词。17We have no classes on _ Sunday, so we often go to play _ football.答案：/; /句意：我们星期日不上课，因此我们经常去踢足球。表示星期、球类运动的名词前通常不用冠词。18_ moon travels around _ earth.答案：The; the句意：月亮围着地球转。表示世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the。19Telling Chinese stories well is _
9、 effective way to raise _ influence of Chinese culture.答案：an; the句意：讲好中国故事是提高中国文化影响力的有效途径。effective是一个元音音素开头的单词，前面使用an; influence后面有定语of Chinese culture，故特指中国文化的影响力。20In _ era when everyone is from the media, the Internet live broadcast area needs to maintain integrity and become a window into good
10、social trends.答案：an句意：在一个每个人都来自媒体的时代，网络直播需要保持它的诚实性和成为一个通向良好社会趋势的窗口。空格后面的era是一个元音音素开头的单词，且此处表泛指，故填an。21You might not hear any gunshot, but the US has started war against China_ biggest trade war in economic history.答案：the句意：你可能没有听到枪声，但是美国已经发动了对中国的战争经济史上最大的贸易战。形容词最高级前面应用the。22In my opinion, we should
11、head east, though the arrow on the sign points to _ west.答案：the方位词east, west, south, north等既可以用作副词也可以用作名词。该句head east结构中， east用作副词，修饰动词head。空格处在介词to之后， west在此用作名词。方位名词前通常用定冠词the。23Janes grandmother had wanted to write _ childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in _ way.答案：a
12、; the句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的事情阻碍了。第一空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二空in the way是固定搭配，意为“挡道”或“阻碍”。24Last weekend I went fishing with _ Smiths. We had a good time.答案：the句意：上周末，我和史密斯夫妇去钓鱼了。我们玩得很高兴。姓氏的复数之前用定冠词the表示一家人或夫妇俩。25The website asks visitors to join in the movement to reduce _ number of illiterate people
13、in the world.26Many Internet users make _ most of the halfprice promotion and it is a good opportunity for online shopkeepers to get their names known. 答案：the句意：许多网络用户会最大限度地利用半价销售活动，并且这对于网络商家来说也是一次让他们的店铺出名的好机会。 make the most of “充分利用”，为固定搭配。27Studies in China have shown that a person who can write w
14、ell should have _ good knowledge of between 3,000 and 4,000 characters.答案：a句意：在中国的研究证明一个能够写得好的人，应当熟练地掌握3,000到4,000个汉字。have a good knowledge of “精通，熟练掌握”，为固定搭配。28The more learned a man is, _ more modest he usually becomes. 答案：the“the比较级 .，the比较级 .”为固定结构，表示 “越，越”。29Mr Smith asked you to repeat _ phone
15、 number _ second time so that he could set it down. 答案：the; a第一空特指双方都知道的东西，要用定冠词the；第二空表示“再一次”，要用a second time。30The Spring Festival is _ special holiday for most Chinese when the whole family will get together. 答案：a句意： 春节对于大多数中国人来说是个特殊的节日，那时全家人会聚在一起。 holiday作“假日，节日”讲时是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。二、单句改错1Mis
16、s Zhang teaches the physics to all the students from different grades in the school. _答案：去掉第一个the此处physics “物理”，是一个表学科的名词，前面不用冠词。2I have learned it for almost half month. _答案：half后加a此处表示“半个月”应该使用half a month。3It is not rare in 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further ed
17、ucation._答案：1990s前加the在表示世纪、年代的词前要加定冠词the。4The building was set up in a September of 1990._答案：athe此处特指1990年的9月，故应用定冠词the。5A beggar though Bob is, he is generous to the poor._答案：A beggarBeggar当though/as引导让步状语从句且从句中的表语前置时，如果表语是单数可数名词，前面的冠词要省去。6On the Earth Day, my classmates and I decided to do someth
18、ing for our school. _答案：去掉theEarth Day是一个节日名词，前面通常不加冠词。少数节日前面加the，如农历八月十五中秋节(the MidAutumn Festival)，农历九月初九重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。7But in that case, we will learn little about world._答案：world前加the句意：但是，在那种情况下，我们对世界的认识就会很少。world前通常加定冠词the，表示特指。8We had wonderful supper in a small Indian villag
19、e._答案：wonderful前加a表示三餐的名词前一般不用冠词，但是当表示三餐的名词前有修饰语时，前面需加不定冠词。9We can use the library around a clock since it opens 365 days a year and 24 hours a day. _答案：第一个athe此处around the clock “昼夜不停”，是一个固定词组。10Apples are sold by the weight and coal is sold by the ton._答案：去掉第一个thethe常用于表时间或度量单位的名词前，如：by the hour/d
20、ay/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但是size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。11At that time, I was having a trouble studying English and my scores fell. _答案：去掉a此处have trouble (in) doing sth. “做某事有困难”，是一个固定词组。12I have been a English guide for two years after graduation. _答案：aan此处English是一个元音音素开头的单词，故将a改为a
21、n。13His father is so talented that he is a teacher and a poet._答案：去掉第二个a句意：他的父亲如此多才多艺，既是位老师又是位诗人。如果两个名词指同一个人或物，那么这两个名词共用一个不定冠词。14Remember you only have one chance, that is, you will never get the second one. _答案：thea此处a用在序数词前面表示“又一，再一”的意思。15The secondhand car is still in a good condition._答案：去掉ain g
22、ood condition “状况良好”，为固定搭配，中间不用冠词。不定冠词和定冠词一、不定冠词的用法1不定冠词后面的单词的发音是以辅音音素开头时，不定冠词用a。例如：a student, a European country。而不定冠词后面的单词的发音是以元音音素开头时，不定冠词用an。例如：an apple, an honest boy。2表类别或泛指。A child needs not only food and clothes, but love as well.3当抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时(即抽象名词具体化)，前面用不定冠词。The party held last weekend
23、 was a great success.4表示“一”或“每一”概念。Tom drives his car at 60 miles an hour.5表示不明身份或说话人不清楚的人或事物。常译作“一个叫的人/物”。A Smith called you just now.6不表示比较意义的形容词最高级前可用不定冠词。 Hiking is a most interesting outdoor activity.7不表示顺序而是表示“又一，再一”的序数词前用不定冠词。They have a second house in the country.8knowledge/grasp/command/co
24、llection/understanding等抽象名词后接of . 时，前面用不定冠词。He has a good knowledge of English.9独一无二的事物前有修饰成分时可用不定冠词。a full moon一轮满月a brandnew world一个崭新的世界10表示三餐、星期、月份、季节等的名词前有形容词修饰或表示特定含义时前用不定冠词。 I remember it was on a rainy Monday that he left his hometown.11不定冠词的特殊位置：不定冠词与such/what连用时，习惯上置于它们之后；当一个单数可数名词前有rather
25、/quite修饰时，不定冠词习惯上放在这些词之后。I never meet such a kind teacher like her.It was rather a success.二、定冠词的用法1特指双方都知道的或上文中提到的人或物。What a pity that you couldnt be there to receive the prize!2用在形容词或分词前，表一类人或物。 Many of the injured are still in a serious condition.3用在姓氏名词的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。I paid a visit to the Turn
26、ers last week.4用在方位名词、西洋乐器名词和宇宙中独一无二的事物前。the east东部play the piano弹钢琴the universe宇宙the moon月亮5用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)、最高级和形容词only, very (恰好的), same前。Its the first time that I have been to China.Which story is the more interesting of the two?We were the only people there.6用于固定结构“动词sb.介词the身体部位”中。hit
27、sb. in the face/on the nose 打某人的脸/鼻子7用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。The foreigners who come to China all want to travel to the Great Wall.8用在表示世纪、年代的词前。The book was published in the 1980s.9the用于表示时间或度量单位的名词前，如：by the hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但是size/weight/time这些名词跟by连用时不加冠词。Workers are usually
28、paid by_the_hour.These goods are sold by_weight.10用在江、河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前。The Yangtze River is what I want to visit most.定冠词用法口诀特指、熟悉和重提，复数姓氏、最高级；独一无二和年代，序数词、方位和乐器；普通名词专有化，固定结构要牢记。三、含有冠词的某些固定短语make the best/most of 充分利用by the way 顺便说一下in the way 挡道on the spot 在现场on the whole 总的来说all of a sudden 突
29、然for the time being 暂时in a word 总而言之do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙in a low voice 低声地in a hurry 匆忙限时25分钟一、用适当的冠词填空，不需要填冠词的画“/”1(2020浙江高考)Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in _ action in Europe.答案：/action意为“战斗；作战”时，为不可数名词，killed in action为固定表达，意为“阵亡”。2(2020天津高考)Understanding history i
30、s vital to understanding ourselves as _ people and as _ nation.答案：a; a句意：了解历史对于我们作为一个国家和民族认识自我是至关重要的。这里用不定冠词表示“某类人或物”。3(2020全国卷)Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to _ bathroom.答案：thego to the bathroom “去洗手间”，为固定表达。4(2020
31、全国卷)Learning English as _ second language can be a painful experience.答案：a此处意为“把英语作为一门第二语言来学习”，表示“一种”，故用不定冠词a。5(2020贵阳市普通高中高三年级摸底考试)In the library, books on history are my favorites, from which I get a better understanding of human civilization and _ progress in China and abroad.答案：/progress意为“进步”，为
32、不可数名词，故其前不能用不定冠词。6(2020合肥市高三调研性检测)Paynes selfless act make _ news across the country.答案：/news为不可数名词，故前面不加冠词，make news “制造新闻”。7(2019全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.答案：the根据后面的“past 25 years”可知，是在过去的25年的时间内，属于特指的时间，故填the。8
33、(2020广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered _ apology of his own.答案：an此处空格后面的apology的首字母发音以元音音素开头，根据语境，强调给予他个人的道歉，故使用an。9(2019全国卷)We may think were _ culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new.答案
34、：aa culture泛指一种文化。10(2019全国卷)Many of us love July because its _ month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance.答案：the后面的when引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词month，属于特指的一个月份。11(2019北京高考)When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was _ battle against myself, not about competition or whether or n
35、ot I was athletic. 答案：a句意：当我30多岁开始跑步的时候，我意识到跑步是一场对抗自己的战役，不是一场竞争，与我是否健壮也没多大关系。此处a表示“一场，一次”，具有数量的意思。12(2019天津高考)Relearning _ art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.答案：the句意：重新学习观察我们周围世界的艺术非常简单，尽管这需要练习并要求改掉一些旧习惯。特指“的艺术”，故使用the
36、。13(2019浙江高考)They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use _ same reusable bags for years.答案：the根据空格后面的same可知，前面使用定冠词the。14(2019江苏高考)In _ 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted (享有) a special meat soup called consomm.答案：the年代和世纪前面使用定冠词the，属于固定用法。15(2017
37、全国卷)Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate _ first annual International Jazz Day.答案：the序数词前要用定冠词the表示顺序。16(2017全国卷)I got a rescue call from _ woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground.答案：a此处第一次提到woman，表泛指，故用不定冠词a。17(2
38、020大连六校联考)I consider myself very lucky because I was _ only one of my friends who had his dad around.答案：theonly前一般用定冠词，表示“唯一的”。18(2020惠州市高三第一次调研)Last Friday, _ class meeting was held. Some parents were invited, including my father and mother.答案：a此处表泛指，表示“举行了一次班会”，又class的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。19(2020浙江高考)He
39、finds old military (军队的) medals for _ sale in antique stores and on the Internet.答案：/for sale意为“出售；待售”，为固定短语。20(2020全国卷)With shinning dark eyes, he seems like _ kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.答案：the此处特指“who would enjoy public speaking”的小孩，故用定冠词the。21(2020河南省巩义市高中毕业班模拟)To ease the worldw
40、ide communication among nations, we should create _ common language and provide courses of it.答案：a句意：为了缓解世界上各个国家之间的交流障碍，我们应该创建一种共同的语言，并提供课程。此处表示泛指一种共同的语言，故使用a。22(2020石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试)It also publishes literary works, but mainly short stories and poems, as well as humorous sketches (小品) and its uniq
41、ue style of _ New Yorker cartoons.答案：the某些报刊杂志的名称前要加定冠词the，the New Yorker 纽约客。23(2020厦门模拟)Rosy came in for _ coffee and told me the firecrackers outside kept her awake last night.答案：a句意：罗西进来点了一杯咖啡，告诉我昨晚外面的鞭炮声吵得她一直睡不着。coffee为不可数名词，但是当表示“点餐”时，可以用a coffee, two coffees代替a cup of coffee, two cups of coff
42、ee，故此处用不定冠词。24(2017全国卷)Developed by two doctors in _ US Department of Agriculture, its _ excellent water collector.答案：the; anUS Department of Agriculture是由普通名词构成的专有名词，前面用定冠词the; collector是单数可数名词，并且表泛指，且excellent的发音以元音音素开头，故前面用不定冠词an。25(2017浙江高考)For Pahlsson, its return was _ wonder.答案：a此处wonder属抽象名词
43、具体化，前面要用a。a wonder指“一个奇迹”。26(2020肇庆市蓝精灵中学高三月考)If you are interested in _ certain article or you think it of great importance, you can download and store it for future use.答案：a空格后面的certain表示“某种，某一”，通常与不定冠词a连用，构成a certain修饰后面的名词。27(2019全国卷)Unexpectedly, Im facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screa
44、ming at _ top of her lungs.答案：theat the top of ones lungs意为“声嘶力竭”，此处表示大猩猩声嘶力竭地发出吼叫声。故填the。28(2020中央民大附中月考)Besides, you can just put the contents of the basket into your suitcase if you are in _ hurry to leave for the airport.答案：a句意：此外，如果你急于赶赴机场，你可以把篮子中的东西放进你的行李箱。此处be in a hurry to do sth.是固定短语，意为“急于
45、做某事”。29(2020惠州市高三第一次调研)This years festival will include _ record of 190 films from 50 countries, including 110 premieres (首映)答案：a句意：今年的电影节将创造一个记录，收到来自50个国家的190部电影报名，其中110部是首映。根据句意可知，填不定冠词a。30(2020浙江高考)Zachariah Fike has _ unusual hobby.答案：an此处泛指“一个不平常的爱好”，又因unusual的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。二、单句改错1(2019天津高
46、考)When I was 17, I read the magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay._答案：第一个thea根据句意，此处表示当“我”17岁的时候，“我”在一本杂志上读到一篇文章，a在此处表示泛指，故改为a。2(2019北京高考)A possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from m
47、aterializing in the real world._答案：AThe介词短语of selfdriving robot cars作possibility的后置定语，起修饰限定的作用，故将A改为The，表示特指。此处特指无人驾驶机器人汽车的可能性。3(2019全国卷)Wang serves as the head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA)_答案：去掉第一个the此处head of the Architecture Department “建筑系主任”，是一个头衔，表示职位和头衔的名词前
48、面不需要定冠词the。4(2019江苏高考)Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on the social media for their sense of selfworth, a major study warned._答案：去掉the“social media”是一个抽象名词，前面一般不使用冠词，故去掉the。5(2019浙江高考)The cars that drove American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster._答案：American前加
49、theAmerican Dream前面一般使用the。6(2019全国卷)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons._答案：thea句意：作为一个孩子，我爱看动画片。此处是泛指而非特指，故将the改为a。7(2017北京高考)Many people who live along the coast make the living in fishing industry._答案：第二个thea句意：许多住在沿海地区的人靠渔业为生。make a living “谋生”，为固定短语。8(2017江苏高考)In 1963 the UN set up a World F
50、ood Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation._答案：athe句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，它的目标之一就是消除世界上的饥饿。因为世界粮食计划署是普通名词构成的专有名词，故用the。9(2017江苏高考)Working with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as the doctor._答案：最后一个theaas a doctor “作为一名医生”，“a/an名词(单数)”表类别。10(2020
51、天津高考)However, technology is also an application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways._答案：antheapplication为抽象名词，此处特指“对科学知识的运用”，故application前应用定冠词the。11(2020全国卷)You can use me as the last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do._答案：thea句意：您可以将我
52、作为最后的选择，如果没有其他志愿者，那么我将做。此处没有特指或比较的含义，只是表达“一个最后选择”，故用不定冠词a。12(2020陕西省第一学期摸底检测)But it is pity that there are a lot of people who dont know the importance of time._答案：pity前加aIt is a pity that . “是很可惜的”为固定句式。13(2020西宁市四中一模)Weighing too much can damage your health, and obesity is the growing problem for
53、both kids and adults around the world._答案：第一个thea此处表示泛指，意思是“一个日益严重的问题”，故使用不定冠词a。14(2020全国卷)Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to the close._答案：第二个theacome to a close “结束；终止”，为固定用法。15(2020南昌市重点中学高三年级段考)Besides, taking a bike is environmentally friendly means o
54、f transport._答案：is后加anmeans of transport意为“交通方式”，此处表示“骑自行车是一种环境友好型交通方式”，需要用不定冠词；且environmentally的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。零冠词一、零冠词1物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、国名、人名前通常不用冠词。By getting close to nature,_you can really get refreshed.school, hospital, church等词表示抽象意义时，其前常不用任何冠词；但是当这些词表示场所时要加冠词。He is very ill and has to go t
55、o hospital. I am going to the_hospital to visit a sick friend.2不可数名词、复数名词表泛指或类指时。It isnt worthwhile spending so much time on minor problems.Bicycles are still a popular means of transport in China.3名词前已有限定词时。His car is much more expensive than mine.4表示三餐、球类、棋类、学科、季节、年、月、星期等的名词前。He has milk and bread
56、 for breakfast every day.Of all the subjects, I like physics best.Autumn is a harvest season.5在称呼或表示官衔、职位的名词前，不加冠词。Mr Smith was elected president of our school.6as, though引导的让步状语从句中的表语置于句首且表语是单数可数名词时。Boy as/though he is, Justine has traveled to quite a few countries.7与by连用的表示交通工具和通讯方式的名词之前。Its quick
57、er by_air than by sea. I sent the letter by_airmail. 二、含有零冠词的某些固定短语lose heart 灰心 on business 出差out of work 失业 on holiday 度假at risk 有危险 on fire 失火under repair 处于维修中heart and soul 全心全意in danger 处于危险中in (out of) order 秩序井然(无序)at dusk/noon/dawn/daybreak/midnight 在黄昏/正午/黎明/拂晓/午夜零冠词用法口诀代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数。学科交通三餐饭，季节星期月份前。棋类球类语言前，称呼习语和头衔。as/though倒装较特殊，零冠词用法要记全。- 14 -
