1、第8节连词和从句1若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间没有句点或分号，也没有连词，那空格处通常是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。2根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。 3一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词，若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时，用连接代词；若作状语就用连接副词；如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。 【单句语法填空】1Im not sure is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)
2、 that suddenly appears out of nowhere.(2018全国)答案who/which解析考查宾语从句的引导词。根据下文的“me or the female gorilla”可知，这里表达的意思是：我不确定谁(哪一个)更害怕，是我还是那只不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌猩猩。故填连接代词who/which。2The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer
3、 recommendations to farmers.(2018全国)答案that/which解析考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰“a soil-testing program”，先行词表示物，关系代词作定语从句的主语，用that/which。3Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both， is not good for the health.(2017全国)答案which解析考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代
4、词which。4Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.(2017浙江)答案where解析考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the garden，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引
5、导该定语从句。5It was time for her to have a new baby， it was also time for the young panda to be independent.(2016四川)答案and解析考查并列连词。句意为：是它再生一个宝宝的时候了，也是小熊猫该独立的时候了。根据句意可知两个分句之间为并列关系，故用and。6I didnt understand this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.(2014广东)答案why解析考查宾语
6、从句的引导词。“我”不知道/不明白 会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因。故答案为why。【单句改错】(每小题仅有1处错误)7Everyone was silent，waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.(2018全国)答案andor解析his与her之间为选择关系，而非并列关系，故将and改为or。8I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.(2017全国)答案去掉much解析此
7、处含有“so .that .”引导的结果状语从句，句中的much多余，故去掉much。9My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.(2016全国)答案thatwhere解析介词to后的宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故将that改为where。【诊断报告】考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1并列连词5,72定语从句2,3,43名词性从句1,6,94状语从句8名师点津： 1.并列句在语法填空中的审题要诀：and表顺延，for/so起因缘，while表对比，when示突然间。but/yet意转折，(either.)or供挑选，(neithe
8、r.)nor全否定，not only.but also.入递进关。2并列句在短文改错中的审题要诀：递进and动作连，连词but意转弯。so词一出结因果，选择就在or两边。关系作用把握好，准确纠错有何难？考点一并列连词1并列连词的基本类型(1)表示并列或递进关系的有：and，both.and.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等。(2)表示选择关系的有：or，either.or.，not.but.等。(3)表示转折或对比关系的有：but，while等。(4)表示因果关系的有：so，for等。2并列连词的常用句式(1)“祈使句and/or陈述句”。当表示顺承关系时用a
9、nd，表示转折关系时用or。(2)when可用于并列句，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：be about to do sth.when.正要做某事，这时 be doing sth.when.正在做某事，这时例1单句语法填空In much of Asia，especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea， Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.答案and解析这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，空格前后都是表示国家的专
10、有名词，前后“平行对等”，这里表示并列顺承关系，所以用and。例2单句改错Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructors orders，so once I started the car，my mind went blank.(2017全国)答案sobut/yet解析根据句意可知，作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的命令，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白。前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but/yet。例3单句改错Though not very big，but the restaurant is popular in o
11、ur area.答案去掉but解析从属连词though不可与并列连词but连用。名师点津：1语法填空中空格处是否填并列连词主要是通过观察句子结构确定的。这种情况一般是空格前后是两个并列成分，如两个主谓结构完整的词、句子、短语等，而且两个成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系。2短文改错中常考查although/though与but，or与and，so与but，but与and的混用。做题时，应根据前后语境判断是并列关系、选择关系还是转折关系，然后确定用哪个并列连词。考点二定语从句1关系代词的使用规则关系代词引导的定语从句who，whom，that代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中作主
12、语、宾语等，其中whom只能作宾语，介词提前时，指人只能用whom；that不能引导非限制性定语从句which，that代替的先行词是表示物的名词或代词，在从句中作主语、宾语等whose用来指人或物，在从句中作定语当主句中出现the same，such，so修饰先行词时，要选择as作关系代词，as在从句中作主语或宾语只用that的情况先行词是all，some，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时先行词被the only，the very，all，every，some，any，few，no，little等修饰时先
13、行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时先行词既包括人又包括物时只用which的情况介词提前时，指物只能用which在非限制性定语从句中，指物只用which2.关系副词的使用规则关系副词引导的定语从句when，where，why的先行词分别是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，并且在从句中作状语特殊用法当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句先行词occasion当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where当先行词way意为“方法，方式”，且在从
14、句中作状语时，可用that，in which或省略关系词这三种形式3.“介词关系代词”的使用规则构成用法介词(短语)which/whom介词提前时，指物只能用which，指人只能用whom数词/形容词最高级/不定代词ofwhich/whom表示部分与整体的关系the名词ofwhich/whom表示所属关系，可转化为“whose名词”4.as和which的使用规则(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，as常译为“正如，正像”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等。(2)which引导非限制性定语从句修饰
15、前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。审题要诀1在语法填空中：找准先行词，是人还是物。成分定好位，定、宾或是主。主从意相连，答案自清楚。2在短文改错中：代人代物常相混，主、宾、状语胡乱分。非限定语常设错，what耍赖当替身。注意：定语从句的3 步解题法：例4单句语法填空Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced th
16、e risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(2018全国)答案that/which解析分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰a study，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。例5单句语法填空Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(2018浙江)答案who/that解析先行词是wester
17、ners(西方人)，用who或that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。例6单句语法填空Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of has been proved.答案which解析分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，代替先行词theories，作介词of的宾语，故填关系代词which。例7单句改错In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is
18、on the rooftop of their house.(2017全国)答案thatwhich解析此处是非限制性定语从句，且关系代词在从句中作主语，指代上文的garden，所以用which来引导该定语从句。考点三名词性从句(一)四种名词性从句1主语从句：由从属连接词(that，whether)、连接代词(what，who，whom，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等)、连接副词(when，where，why，how，whenever等)引导。2宾语从句：由从属连接词(that，whether/if)、连接代词(what，who，whose，which，wha
19、tever，whichever，whoever等)、连接副词(when，where，why，how等)引导。从句用陈述语序。3表语从句：由从属连接词(that，whether)、连接代词(what，who，whose，which，whatever，whichever，whoever等)、连接副词(when，where，why，how等)引导。从句用陈述语序。4同位语从句：由that，whether，how，where，when，why等引导。(二)名词性从句的固定句式1It is necessary/likely/important/.that.是必要的/可能的/重要的/。2It is a p
20、ity/no wonder/no surprise/.that.真遗憾/难怪/不奇怪/3It is well known to us all that.众所周知4It (suddenly/never) occurred to me that.我(突然/从未)想到5The reason why.is/was that.的原因是6This/That is/was why.这/那就是的原因。7This/That is/was because.这/那是因为8There is no denying (the fact) that.不可否认9There is no doubt that.毫无疑问10The
21、re is no possibility/no chance that.没有可能审题要诀1在语法填空中：先把从句断，再将成分连。搞懂其中意，连词自显现。2在短文改错中：从句先分类，看它修饰谁。连词啥作用？究其对不对。注意：名词性从句解题步骤：1首先根据从句在整个句子中的作用确定是四种名词性从句中的哪一种。 2.划分从句的句子成分，理解句意，根据语法规则选择正确的连接词。(1)当名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时，使用连接代词。(2)当名词性从句中主干齐全，根据句意判断出缺少状语时，使用连接副词。(3)当名词性从句主干齐全，又不缺少状语时，使用从属连接词引导。例8单句语法填空Jane moved
22、 aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing she was heading.(2017北京)答案where解析考查宾语从句的引导词。根据句意可知此处意为“不知道去什么地方”，故答案为where。句意为：简漫无目的地沿着林阴大道走着，不知道要去哪里。例9单句语法填空By chance，the professor knew the student complained about.答案what解析knew后为宾语从句，所填之词引导宾语从句并在从句中作介词about的宾语，故填what。例10单句语法填空 we may find interes
23、ting is that it usually takes more words to be polite.答案What解析引导一个主语从句，在从句中作find的宾语，用what。句意为：我们可能会发现有趣的是礼貌可能需要更多的词语。例11单句语法填空The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.答案that解析分析句子结构可以看出，主句主语为way，后面的不定式to succeed at the h
24、ighest level为其定语，系动词是is，后面的不定式结构为表语。 you are better than.为belief的同位语从句，从句为“主语系动词表语”结构，成分完整，故填起连接作用的that。例12单句改错I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to if the milk was hot or not.(2018湖南师大附中模拟)答案ifwhether解析if和whether都可引导名词性从句，意为“是否”，但if受到很多限制，例如不能位于句首，介词后的宾语从句不能用if引导，不能跟or not连用等。故将if改为whet
25、her。名师点津：1that与what引导名词性从句的区别：引导名词性从句时，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that；而what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“的”，在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。2在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：(1)引导主语从句并在句首时；(2)引导表语从句、同位语从句时；(3)引导从句作介词的宾语时；(4)从句后有“or not”时。3巧看标志性名词，分辨同位语从句：如果从句修饰名词：fact事实，conclusion结论，doubt怀疑，advice建议，message消息，news消息，order命
26、令，possibility可能性，promise诺言，request请求，suggestion建议等词，从句的引导词是that，that不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，而且不能省略，则该从句是同位语从句。考点四状语从句(一)九种状语从句1时间状语从句：由when，while，as，as soon as，after，before，until，every time等连接词引导。2地点状语从句：由where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere等连接词引导。3原因状语从句：由because，since，now (that)，seeing that(由于)等连接词引导。4条件状语从句
27、：由if，unless(if.not)，so/as long as(只要)，on condition that(条件是)，if only(if)，provided that(如果)，in case(万一，如果)，suppose/supposing that(假设，如果)，assuming that等连接词引导。5目的状语从句：由so that，in order that，for fear that，in case (that)，lest(免得)等连接词引导。6让步状语从句：由although，though，while(尽管)，as，even though/if，no matter等连接词引导。
28、7方式状语从句：由how，as，as if/though等连接词引导。8结果状语从句：由so.that.，such.that.，so that，such that等连接词引导。9比较状语从句：由as，than，the more.the more.等连接词引导。(二)时间状语从句的固定句式1no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.意为“一就”。主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。当no sooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时，应用倒装语序。2It will be时间段before一般现在时，意为“
29、多久之后才”。It wont be long before.意为“过不了多久就”。3It is时间段since一般过去时，意为“自从以来多久了”。4not.until.意为“直到才”。5be doing sth.when.意为“正在做某事，这时”。had just done sth.when.意为“刚做完某事就”。be about to do sth.when.意为“正准备做某事，这时”。审题要诀1在语法填空中：状语从句不一般，服务功能它最全。表原因、表结果，又表让步与时间。表方式、表比较，尚表目的和条件。连词作用分辨清，灵活运用不留憾。2在短文改错中：状语从句功能单，只和谓语有牵连。不同连词
30、不同义，服务谓语在情缘。搞清连词、从句意，不合句意准玩儿完。例13单句语法填空Pahlsson screamed loudly that her daughter came running from the house.(2017浙江)答案so解析句意为：Pahlsson的尖叫声是如此响亮以至于她的女儿从房子中跑了出来。此处是so .that .引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此以至于”。故填so。例14单句语法填空Over time， the population grew，people began cutting food.答案as/when解析as/when随着/当时候，as/when th
31、e population grew在从句中作时间状语。例15单句改错If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it.答案IfAlthough/Though解析句意为：尽管我在那个教室学习时只是个小孩，但我永远不会忘记。此处并不表示条件关系，而是表示让步，应用although/though引导让步状语从句。故将If改为Although/Though。例16单句改错My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was
32、 packing them up.答案afterwhen/while解析句意为：我唯一的错误是在我打包的时候，把一些掉在了地上。表示“当的时候”应用when或while。故将after改为when/while。名师点津：状语从句的三大考点1考查连接词。做此类题时，要弄清上下文的语义关系，并掌握各个状语从句连接词的意思。2考查时态。时间、条件状语从句中，主句若用一般将来时，从句往往要用一般现在时。3省略形式。考查省略时常和非谓语动词结合。另外，还要注意一些省略后的固定短语，如if possible(如果可能)，if necessary(如果有必要)，if not(如果不是这样)，if so(如果
33、是这样)，if any(如果有的话)等。.单句语法填空1When you smile，not only do you feel happy， you also bring a ray of light into the lives of others.答案but解析not only.but also.意为“不仅而且”为固定用法。2My eldest son， work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.(2017天津)答案whose解析分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后的名词有所属关系，
34、故应用whose。3Many young people，most of were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.答案whom解析句意为：很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。先行词为“young people”，指人，空格处在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故答案为whom。4The air quality in the city， is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.答案as解析句意为：
35、正如报告中所表明的，在过去的两个月里，城市的空气质量有所改善。此处as引导的是非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，指代整个主句。5Below are some ideas can help you out.答案that解析句意为：下面是一些能帮助你摆脱困境的方法。因为先行词前有不定代词some修饰，所以此处用that引导限制性定语从句。6I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is he never finishes anything.答案why解析句意为：我恐怕他是一个空谈家而不是一个实干家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“whi
36、ch is.”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句，根据句意可知用“why”引导。7If you are going to kill the snake，you have to get close to the head is and cut it off.答案where解析句意为：如果你想杀死这条蛇，你得接近蛇头并将其砍断。宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故答案为where。8 I want to stress is that you should make it a rule to practice speaking Mandarin.答案What解析句意为：我想强调的是你应该养成练习说普通
37、话的习惯。 “ I want to stress”为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语，故用what引导。9If you dont understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people you figure it out.(2017北京)答案until/till解析句意为：如果你不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与其他人探讨，直到你把它弄清楚。根据句意可知，空格处应用until/till引导时间状语从句。10Today，we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point
38、 will be left out.答案where解析根据句意判断应填where引导地点状语从句，表示“今天我们将从昨天停下来的地方开始”。.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11On Monday afternoon，we were playing basketball on the playground while I suddenly slipped and fell over.答案whilewhen解析句意为：周一下午，我们正在操场上打篮球，突然我滑了一跤摔倒了。be doing sth.when.为固定句型，意为“正在做某事这时”。其中when相当于and at that time。12
39、Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mothers Day.答案orand解析both .and .表示“和都”。故应把or改为and。13It came from a butchers stand，which a lady accused him of injecting water into the pork and asked for the money back.答案whichwhere解析非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词“a butchers stand”，故应用where。14Do you know the rea
40、son that he didnt attend the meeting?答案thatwhy解析reason后的从句为定语从句，引导词在从句中作原因状语，修饰先行词the reason，故应把that改为why。15It is cheerful what the local authorities have promised them to shorten the time of obtaining it.答案whatthat解析It为形式主语，cheerful后面的句子为主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分也无任何意义。 16As students，which we can repay ou
41、r mothers is to spare no effort to study hard.答案whichwhat解析分析句子结构可知，逗号后至is前的部分为主语从句，引导词在从句中作repay的宾语，指“什么”，应用what引导。故将which改为what。17Because you have anything that puzzles you，it would be great to talk with Mr Tang.答案BecauseIf解析句意为：如果你有任何使你困惑的事情，与唐老师交谈一下会非常好。根据句意可知，前面的从句为条件状语从句，表示“如果”，应用if引导。故将Becaus
42、e改为If。18John shut everybody out of the kitchen that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.答案that前加so解析根据句意可知，约翰把每个人都关在厨房外面的目的是能够为一件在聚会上使人们大吃一惊的事而做准备，应该是so that引导的目的状语从句，故应在that前加so。19That is known to us that respect for ones parents is one of Chinese traditional moral values.答案ThatIt解析It
43、 is known to us that.为固定句式，表示“我们都知道，众所周知”，其中It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语，所以应把That改为It。20What is even more important is what the earth cooled down，and water began to appear on its surface.答案第二个whatthat解析分析句子结构可知，What is even more important为主语从句，the earth cooled down，and water began to appear on its surf
44、ace句子成分完整，故应用that引导表语从句，在从句中不作成分。.语法填空连词和从句专练Influenza，or flu，is a common infection of the nose and throat，and sometimes the lungs.The cause is a virus 21. passes from one person to another.The virus spreads through the air 22. an infected person expels air suddenly.Medical experts have identified t
45、hree major kinds of influenza.They call them type A，B and CType C is the least serious.People may not even know they have it.23. researchers study the other two kinds very closely.Viruses change to survive.This can make it difficult for the body to recognize 24. fight an infection.A person 25. has s
46、uffered one kind of flu cannot develop that same kind again.The bodys defense system produces antibodies(抗体)These substances stay in the blood and destroy the virus 26. it appears again.27. the body may not recognize a flu virus 28. has even a small change.Each year，researchers develop vaccines(疫苗)
47、to prevent the spread of the flu virus.The World Health Organization holds meetings in 29. experts discuss 30. kinds of flu viruses to include in the next vaccine.21答案that/which解析先行词为a virus，指事物，空格处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，故用that/which。22答案when解析空格处引导时间状语从句。句意为：当感染者突然呼气时，病毒就传播到空气中。23答案But解析句意为：C型流行性感冒不为人所觉察，但
48、研究人员认真研究另外两种。表示转折关系，故用but，首字母大写。24答案and解析句意为：这会使身体识别并与感染作斗争变得困难。表并列关系，故用and。25答案who/that解析先行词为人，空格处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，故用who/that。26答案if/when解析空格处引导状语从句，根据句意，if/when均可。27答案But解析抗体能破坏病毒，但当病毒有细微改变时身体却无法识别它，but表转折。28答案that/which解析先行词为a flu virus，指物，空格处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，故用that/which。29答案which解析空格处引导定语从句。in whic
49、h指代in the meeting。30答案what解析空格处为“疑问句不定式”结构。专家讨论下一代疫苗将包含哪些流感病毒。.短文改错(2018河南六市联考)Last Saturday I went camping with several friends.In the later afternoon，we put up our tent in the middle of a field.Then we cooked a meal over an open fire.The food smelt good.After a meal，we told story and played games
50、by the camp fire.At the eleven oclock we felt tired but we put out the fire and got into our tent.Lie in our warm sleeping-bags，we slept soundly.At midnight one boy woke up and began shouting.The tent was full water! We got out of our sleeping-bags and hurried outside.It was raining heavy.A stream h
51、ad formed in the field，that wound its way across the field and flow under our tent.答案Last Saturday I went camping with several friends.In the afternoon，we put up our tent in the middle of a field.Then we cooked a meal over an open fire.The food smelt good.After meal，we told and played games by the c
52、amp fire.At the eleven oclock we felt tired we put out the fire and got into our tent. in our warm sleeping-bags，we slept soundly.At midnight one boy woke up and began shouting.The tent was full water！We got out of our sleeping-bags and hurried outside.It was raining .A stream had formed in the fiel
53、d， wound its way across the field and under our tent.专题强化练(十).语法填空Local officials in Beijing promised to further protect the citys cultural heritage(遗产)，in particular the narrow streets 1. (know) as Hutong.Hutong are 2. (common) found in the cities of North China，but they are at risk.Beijing is curr
54、ently believed to have fewer than 1,000 Hutong，most of 3. are near the Forbidden City.Only 60 years ago，the number 4. (be) 3,250.“5. average more than 100,000 people visit the Forbidden City during the National Day holidays.The visits put pressure on the protection of cultural relics，” said Huang Ya
55、n，director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning，adding that Hutong should 6. (protect) from human damage.The government focused on how the protection plans were carried 7. and how the management of cultural heritages worked.Wang Shaofeng，head of the Xicheng district government，said
56、the area has 182 cultural relics，many of which were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty(12711368)The district of Xicheng has 1.28 million residents in 8. (it) 57 square kilometers of land.“The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the 9. (possible) of causing harm to the
57、 heritage，” Wang said.Each community has been required 10. (report) the status of its cultural heritage.No one knows for sure how many Hutong will be left in the coming 100 years.1答案known解析考查非谓语动词。作定语，修饰streets，相当于which are known as，故用过去分词形式。2答案commonly解析考查副词。修饰谓语动词作状语，用副词形式。3答案which解析考查关系代词。指代上文提到的
58、指物的先行词Hutong，引导一个非限制性定语从句，作介词of的宾语，用which。4答案was解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。时间状语为表示过去的60 years ago，主语为the number，所以用was。5答案On解析考查介词。on average 为固定搭配，意为“平均起来”，位于句首，首字母大写。6答案be protected解析考查被动语态。Hutong 和protect是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，且位于情态动词should后，故用be protected。7答案out解析考查副词。句意为：政府专注于怎样使保护计划得以实施。carry out为固定短语，意为“实施”。8答案it
59、s解析考查代词。作定语用形容词性物主代词。9答案possibility解析考查名词。前有the修饰，所以用possible的名词形式。10答案to report解析考查非谓语动词。require sb.to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”。.短文改错1At the age of 12，I believed that honesty always rewarded.One afternoon，I passed the ball through an empty apartments window.The sound of break the window was followed by k
60、ids running in all direction screaming，“Run！No one will tell.” Therefore，I went to the housekeeper，expecting praise for being so honest.But he laughs，saying kids who broke windows did not stop to talk to him and that how stupidly I was.I didnt understand until my mother asked me how I felt of when I
61、 told the truth.As I was thinking，she continued，“Instead of which he said，keep in mind that pride in yourself will always be his reward.”答案At the age of 12，I believed that honesty always rewarded.One afternoon，I passed ball through an empty apartments window.The sound of the window was followed by k
62、ids running in all screaming，“Run！No one will tell.” ，I went to the housekeeper，expecting praise for being so honest.But he ，saying kids who broke windows did not stop to talk to him and that how I was.I didnt understand until my mother asked me how I felt of when I told the truth.As I was thinking，
63、she continued，“Instead of he said，keep in mind that pride in yourself will always be reward.”2As indicated in the survey，it is common that parents spent little time accompanying their children.It may result in the demands of modern life and some other reasons.However，parents shouldnt ignore a signif
64、icance of accompanying their children.First，parents can be close connected with their children through regular communications.Second，parents instruction seems to be very importance to their childrens growth.When kids are confused about their problems or difficulties，parents active involvement in gro
65、wth can make a great difference.In addition，parents love shown off in this way can also help their children strengthen confidence or hold a positive life attitude.So just dropping your work and cellphones to enjoy the pleasure of company.答案As indicated in the survey，it is common that parents little
66、time accompanying their children.It may result the demands of modern life and some other reasons.However，parents shouldnt ignore significance of accompanying their children.First，parents can be connected with their children through regular .Second，parents instruction seems to be very to their childr
67、ens growth.When kids are confused about their problems or difficulties，parents active involvement in growth can make a great difference.In addition，parents love shown off in this way can also help their children strengthen confidence hold a positive life attitude.So just your work and cellphones to
68、enjoy the pleasure of company.阅读理解(2018湖南株洲质检)Shakespeares Family HomesThe Shakespeare Birthplace Trust has a long and famous tradition of welcoming visiting groups to the Shakespeare Houses，each place with its own fascinating story to tell.Shakespeares BirthplaceWalk in Shakespeares footsteps and e
69、xplore the house where he was born and grew up.Explore his fathers glove-making workshop and catch our local actors bringing Shakespeares works to life.Mary Ardens FarmMeet the costumed locals as they go about their daily tasks of cooking，tending crops and feeding the rare animals.Explore the farmya
70、rd with its centuries-old barns(谷仓) and outbuildings，or see the house where Shakespeares mother grew up and visit Palmers Farm House，the home of Robert Palmer，a family friend and neighbour.Halls CroftExplore the luxurious home of Shakespeares daughter Susanna and her wealthy physician husband，Dr.Joh
71、n Hall：Flemish paintings and fine furniture.Relax in the beautiful gardens and breathe in the fragrant herbs as used by Dr.Hall in his treatments.Shakespeares New PlaceWalk in Shakespeares footsteps and trace the footprint of his family home for 19 years of his life.Journey next into the Golden Gard
72、en，where planting and sculpture celebrate Shakespeares influence.Lose yourself in the New Place Exhibition and look into Shakespeares world.Learn about the past he played in the housed history，and in the town.Upstairs，dressing-up，costume and animation make you completely involved in Shakespeare fami
73、ly life.11Where can you enjoy the performances of Shakespeares plays?AIn Shakespeares Birthplace.BOn Mary Ardens Farm.COn Halls Croft.DIn Shakespeares New Place.答案A解析细节理解题。根据Shakespeares Birthplace中的“catch our local actors bringing Shakespeares works to life”可知，在这里可以欣赏到莎士比亚剧作的表演。故选A。12What is Halls
74、Croft famous for?AThe glove-making workshop.BThe Golden Garden.CThe beautiful gardens with herbs.DThe centuries-old barns.答案C解析细节理解题。根据Halls Croft中的“Relax in the beautiful gardens and breathe in the fragrant herbs as used by Dr.Hall in his treatments.”可知在Halls Croft吸引人的是美丽的花园和草药的香味。故选C。13What can vi
75、sitors do in Shakespeares Family Homes?AVisit Palmers Farm House on Halls Croft.BExplore the old farmyard in Shakespeares Birthplace.CEnjoy planting celebrating Shakespeares influence in Mary Ardens Farm.DExperience Shakespeare family life in Shakespeares New Place.答案D解析细节理解题。根据Mary Ardens Farm中的“se
76、e the house where Shakespeares mother grew up and visit Palmers Farm House”和“Explore the farmyard with its centuries-old barns”分别排除A项和B项；根据Shakespeares New Place中的“Journey next into the Golden Garden，where planting and sculpture celebrate Shakespeares influence.”可排除C项；根据Shakespeares New Place中的“Lear
77、n about the past he played in the housed history，and in the town.Upstairs，dressing-up，costume and animation make you completely involved in Shakespeare family life.”可知D正确。.完形填空(2018河北承德联校高三上期末)Yesterday，I posted a story and afterwards donated a little money after I read others sad stories.Later，as I
78、 got into bed and completed my 14 and self-examination on the day，I came to the realization that I was 15 money.Wow! It was just a 16 to see this in myself.It is 17 enough that in the real world I have money in the bank but dont give away 18 .I dont have a lot of money， 19 enough to pay my bills and
79、 help my daughters.Also I save some money for a 20 day.I know I could give more but 21 and fed some comfort in a little pile of money.Im quite 22 to see in myself that it is hard to practice the beautiful 23 in the real world.The belief is that the needs of people 24 are more important than having a
80、 little pile of money to feel 25 with.So here I was doing the same 26 thingsaving but not giving away much money! With so many people waiting to be helped，it was pretty terrible for me to 27 how much I 28 seeing that little pile of money in my hands.I have already 29 today that even if it is hard to
81、 give it all away in the real world，I am going to guarantee more 30 will come my way.There will always be enough money for me.I am not going to let 31 pile up anymore.I am going to give it away when I 32 it because love is 33 what makes the world go round.语篇解读本文为记叙文。讲述了作者从反思自己吝于捐赠而羞愧到决定倾囊而出的心路历程。14A
82、.suffering BstrengthCreflection Dforecast答案C解析suffering遭罪；strength力量；reflection反思；forecast预见。根据“and self-examination on the day(和自省)”是同义并列，吾日三省吾身。故选C。15A.saving BearningCborrowing Dwasting答案A解析save节约；earn挣钱；borrow借；waste浪费。根据“Also I save some money for a day.”可知，节约以备不时之需。选A。16A.coincidence BwisdomCp
83、leasure Dshock答案D解析coincidence巧合；wisdom明智；pleasure快乐；shock震惊。发现自己的自私感到震惊。选D。17A.rude BbadCbeneficial Dharmful答案B解析rude粗鲁的；bad恶劣的；beneficial有利的；harmful有害的。觉得有钱存银行而不捐太糟糕。选B。18A.another BanythingCless Dmore答案D解析another另一个；anything任何东西；less更少；more更多。助人不嫌多。选D。19A.but BforCand Dso答案A解析but但是；for因为；and并且；so
84、所以。钱不多，但够养家。前后句意转折。选A。20A.bright BsunnyClucky Drainy答案D解析bright光明的；sunny晴朗的；lucky幸运的；rainy下雨的。未雨绸缪。选D。21A.go out Bshow offChold back Dhide away答案C解析go out出去；show off炫耀；hold back保留；hide away躲藏。可以多捐，但手头宽裕生活更好过，是人之常情。可知他想多留点钱。选C。22A.peaceful BfairCashamed Dexciting答案C解析peaceful和平的；fair公正的；ashamed羞愧的；ex
85、citing兴奋的。因自己不能践行美好的信念而羞愧。选C。23A.dilemma BbeliefCfigure Dfuture答案B解析dilemma困境；belief信念；figure人物；future未来。下文中的“The belief is that.”是提示。选B。24A.on duty Bin troubleCas well Din debt答案B解析on duty值日；in trouble有麻烦；as well也；in debt负债。此处指“有困难的人”。选B。25A.safe BriskyCgrateful Dfunny答案A解析safe安全的；risky冒险的；grateful
86、感激的；funny有趣的。手中有钱就有安全感。选A。26A.useless BnecessaryCintelligent Dfoolish答案D解析useless无用的；necessary必要的；intelligent聪明的；foolish愚蠢的。下文说许多人需要帮助，而我却吝啬，显然不明智。选D。27A.refuse BimproveCrealize Dabandon答案C解析refuse拒绝；improve进步；realize意识到；abandon放弃。意识到自己的错误。选C。28A.missed BenjoyedChated Dregretted答案B解析miss思念，错过；enjoy享
87、受；hate憎恨；regret遗憾。享受着数钱的乐趣。选B。29A.evaluated BguessedCdecided Dignored答案C解析evaluate评估；guess猜测；decide决定；ignore忽视。经过思想斗争，终于决定。选C。30A.donations BitemsCwishes Dsurveys答案A解析donation捐赠；item项目；wish愿望；survey调查。保证今后多捐。选A。31A.food BmoneyCbooks Dthings答案B解析food食物；money金钱；book书籍；thing事情。上文提到钱，决定不再聚财。选B。32A.get BeatCdeliver Dobey答案A解析get得到；eat吃；deliver运送；obey服从。一旦得到钱，就散出去。选A。33A.hardly BmerelyCsincerely Dtruly答案D解析hardly几乎不；merely仅仅；sincerely真诚地；truly真正地。唯有爱才真正是推动世界进步的东西。选D。
