1、2020-2021学年上海市闵行区七宝中学高二上学期9月英语摸底考试卷I. Listening Comprehension(略)II. Grammar (25)Section ASection A (15)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of
2、the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank._1_ winning multiple awards and being the most searched-for book on Goodreads during its debut year, this young adult novel _2_ (challenge)and banned in school libraries and curricular_3_ drug use and offensive language.【答案
3、】1. Despite 2. was challenged 3. because of/due to【解析】这是一篇说明文。本篇小短文讲述了这部年轻的成人小说受到挑战的原因。【1题详解】考查介词。句意：尽管在出版的第一年就获得了多个奖项，并成为Goodreads网站上搜索次数最多的书籍，这部年轻的成人小说还是受到了挑战，并因为使用了毒品和攻击性语言而被学校图书馆和课程禁止。根据空后动名词winning和句子结构可知，空处需用介词，根据空后句意可知，despite尽管，引导让步状语，符合题意，句首单词，首字母需大写。故填Despite。【2题详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意同上。由空后动词 b
4、anned可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，因为是被挑战，所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语是单数名词novel，所以空处需用be动词was。故填was challenged。【3题详解】考查固定短语。句意同上。空后表示原因，需用固定短语because of/due to“因为”引导原因状语，表示因为使用了毒品和攻击性语言而被学校图书馆和课程禁止。故填because of/due to。Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage c
5、oherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When you cross deep water driving too fast, you risk _4_ (splash) water up into the air box and having it get _
6、5_ (suck)into the internal engine,_6_ is more common than you think. There are a few steps you should take to clear the water out _7_you try to start it.【答案】4. splashing 5. sucked 6. which 7. before【解析】这是一篇说明文。当你以过快的速度穿越深水时，你可能会冒着把水溅到空气箱里，然后水被吸入引擎的风险，这种情况比你想象的要常见得多。在你尝试开始之前，你应该采取一些步骤来清除水。【4题详解】考查非谓语
7、动词。句意：当你以过快的速度穿越深水时，你可能会冒着把水溅到空气箱里，然后水被吸入引擎的风险，这种情况比你想象的要常见得多。结合句意表示“冒险做某事”可知短语为risk doing sth.。故填splashing。【5题详解】考查固定短语。句意：当你以过快的速度穿越深水时，你可能会冒着把水溅到空气箱里，然后水被吸入引擎的风险，这种情况比你想象的要常见得多。结合句意表示“被吸入”可知短语为get sucked into。故填sucked。【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：当你以过快的速度穿越深水时，你可能会冒着把水溅到空气箱里，然后水被吸入引擎的风险，这种情况比你想象的要常见得多。此处为非限制性
8、定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。【7题详解】考查状语从句。句意：在你尝试发动车子之前，你应该采取一些步骤来清除水。引导时间状语从句，表示“在之前”应用before。故填before。Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in eac
9、h blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Jack London wrote stories about working people and the hard time they had _8_ (make) a living. He knew their problems first hand. He worked as a sailor, farmer, railroad worker, and gold pros
10、pector, _9_ (name) just a few of his many jobs.【答案】8. making 9. to name【解析】【分析】这是一篇人物传记。文章对作家Jack London对于劳动人民及其苦难的了解加以描述。【详解】1.考查固定搭配。句意：杰克伦敦写的故事是关于劳动人民和他们谋生的艰难时期。have a hard time doing sth意为“做某事有困难”，此处特指为谋生的这段艰难时期。故填making。2.考查固定搭配。句意：他做过水手、农民、铁路工人和淘金者，这只是他众多工作中的一小部分。to name (just) a few意为“略为举例”，为
11、固定搭配。故填to name。Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Guinnes
12、s Book of Records first set its sight on _10_ (satisfy) mans inborn curiosity about the natural world. Its two principal fact finders moved wildly around the globe to collect facts. It was their tasks to find aspects of life _11_ can be sensed or observed, things that can be quantified or measured.
13、It was during this period that some of the remarkable records _12_ (document), answering such questions _13_ “What is the brightest star?” and “What is the biggest spider?”_14_ (originate)as a simple bar book, the Guinness Book of Records _15_ (evolve) over decades to provide insight into the full r
14、ange of modern life.【答案】10. satisfying 11. that 12. were documented 13. as 14. Originating 15. has been evolving【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了吉尼斯世界纪录大全作用和其历史演变。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吉尼斯世界纪录大全首先着眼于满足人类与生俱来的对自然界的好奇心。此处作介词on的宾语，satisfy应用动名词形式。故填satisfying。【11题详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的任务是找到生活中可以感知或观察的方面，可以量化或测量的东西。此处为定语从句修饰先行词
15、aspects，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that。故填that。【12题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：正是在这一时期，一些非凡的记录被记录下来，回答了诸如“最亮的星星是哪颗？”和“最大的蜘蛛是什么？”这样的问题。根据上文was可知应用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为records，谓语动词用复数。故填were documented。【13题详解】考查介词。句意：正是在这一时期，一些非凡的记录被记录下来，回答了诸如“最亮的星星是哪颗？”和“最大的蜘蛛是什么？”这样的问题。结合句意表示“诸如，比如”短语为such as。故填as。【14题详
16、解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吉尼斯世界纪录大全最初只是一本简单的酒吧手册，经过几十年的演变，它为人们提供了全方位的现代生活视角。分析句子结构可知originate在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语the Guinness Book of Records构成主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Originating。【15题详解】考查动词时态。句意：吉尼斯世界纪录大全最初只是一本简单的酒吧手册，经过几十年的演变，它为人们提供了全方位的现代生活视角。根据后文over decades可知，表示动词发生在过去，持续不间断地发生到现在，将来可能还会持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，主语为
17、the Guinness Book of Records，助动词用has。故填has been evolving。Section B Passage (10)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the
18、other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Many educationalists consider Philosophy of Education a weak and imprecise field, too far _16_ (remove)from the practical applications of the real world to be useful. But philosophers _17_ (date)back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks have given the
19、area much thought and emphasis, and there is little doubt _18_ their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia.Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, and education is an essential element in “The Republic” (his most important work on philosophy and politics, wr
20、itten around 360 B.C.), in which he advocates _19_ (apply)some rather extreme methods: removing children from their mothers care, raising them as wards of the state, and differentiating children suitable to the various castes, the highest receiving the most education, _20_they could act as guardians
21、 of the city and care for the less able. He believed that education _21_ be holistic, including facts, skills, physical discipline, music and art. Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not distributed genetically and thus is to be found in children born to all classes.Aristotle considered h
22、uman nature, habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education, the ultimate aim of which should be _22_ (produce) good and virtuous citizens. He proposed that teachers lead their students systematically and that repetition _23_ (use) as a key tool to develop good habits,
23、 unlike Socrates emphasis _24_ questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas. He emphasized the balancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects, among which he clearly mentions reading, writing, mathematics, music, physical education, literature, history, and a wide range of
24、sciences, _25_ play, which he also considered important.【答案】16. removed 17. dating 18. that 19. applying 20. so that 21. should 22. to produce 23. be used 24. on 25. as well as【解析】这是一篇说明文。许多教育学家认为教育哲学是一个薄弱和不精确的领域，与现实世界的实际应用相去甚远，没有用处。文章主要说明了柏拉图和亚里士多德这两个哲学家对于教育的一些观点和看法。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多教育学家认为教育哲学是一
25、个薄弱和不精确的领域，与现实世界的实际应用相去甚远，没有用处。分析句子结构可知remove在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语Philosophy of Education构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语。故填removed。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是追溯到柏拉图和古希腊的哲学家们对这一领域进行了大量思考和重视，毫无疑问，数千年来，他们的工作帮助塑造了教育实践。分析句子结构可知date在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语philosophers构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作定语。故填dating。【18题详解】考查固定句型。句意：但是追溯到柏拉图和古希腊的哲学家们对这一领域进行
26、了大量思考和强调，毫无疑问，数千年来，他们的工作帮助塑造了教育实践。结合句意表示“毫无疑问”可知句型为there is little doubt that。故填that。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：柏拉图是最早的重要的教育思想家，在理想国(他最重要的哲学和政治著作，大约写于公元前360年)中，教育是一个重要的因素，他主张应用一些相当极端的方法：把孩子从母亲的照料中转移出来，把他们当作国家的监护人抚养，把孩子区分为适合不同种姓的人，最高种姓的人接受的教育最多，这样他们就可以作为城市的监护人，照顾能力较差的人。结合句意表示“主张做某事”可知短语为advocate doing sth.。故填
27、applying。【20题详解】考查状语从句。句意：柏拉图是最早的重要的教育思想家，在理想国(他最重要的哲学和政治著作，大约写于公元前360年)中，教育是一个重要的因素，他主张应用一些相当极端的方法：把孩子从母亲的照料中转移出来，把他们当作国家的监护人抚养，把孩子区分为适合不同种姓的人，最高种姓的人接受的教育最多，这样他们就可以作为城市的监护人，照顾能力较差的人。引导目的状语从句，表示“以便，所以”应用so that。故填so that。【21题详解】考查情态动词。句意：他认为教育应该是全面的，包括事实、技能、体育、音乐和艺术。根据后文动词原形be可知应填情态动词，表示“应该”应用should
28、。故填should。【22题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：亚里士多德认为，人的本性、习惯和理性是教育中同样重要的力量，教育的最终目的应该是产生善良、有道德的公民。分析句子结构可知produce在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且此处说明aim的具体内容，用不定式作表语。故填to produce。【23题详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他建议教师系统地引导学生，并将重复作为培养良好习惯的关键工具，这与苏格拉底强调询问听众以引出他们自己的想法不同。propose表示“建议”时，所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，此处repetition与use构成被动
29、关系，应用被动语态。故填be used。【24题详解】考查介词。句意：他建议教师系统地引导学生，并将重复作为培养良好习惯的关键工具，这与苏格拉底强调询问听众以引出他们自己的想法不同。结合句意表示“强调”可知短语为emphasis on。故填on。【25题详解】考查固定短语。句意：他强调学科理论与实践的平衡，其中他明确提到了阅读、写作、数学、音乐、体育、文学、历史和广泛的科学，以及他认为重要的游戏。根据语境，表示“也，而且”应用短语as well as。故填as well as。III. Vocabulary (20)(A)Directions: Complete the passage wit
30、h the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. evolutionary B. highlight C. leap D. specifically AB. differs AC. established AD. track BC. lack BD. potentially CD. mature ABC. spotTechnology is playing a vital role in preservation and ecolo
31、gy research. Drones hold huge potential in the fight to save the worlds remaining wildlife from extinction. So researchers can now_26_ wild animals through dense forests and monitor whales in vast oceans. Its estimated that up to five living species become extinct every day, making it urgent that un
32、iversities developed technologies to capture the data that can persuade authorities to act.The British International Education Association hosted a conference in January to _27_the importance of technological solutions in protecting vulnerable species and ecosystems. Speakers underlined how technolo
33、gy can help preservation: drones can circle high above the ocean to _28_ whales, while certain cameras can identify members of an individual species.According to Claudio Sillero, biology professor at Oxford University, technology is changing how preservation research is done-but its in a(n) _29_ way
34、. As technology gets better and cheaper, researchers become better at doing what they were already doing. For example, remote sensing used to be a very technical tool but is now widespread, and everyone uses global positioning system(GPS) for surveying.But teaching preservation and ecology courses i
35、n university _30_. Some teach drone surveying methods in depth while others dont even mention them. “The fact is, using drones is quite a _31_ to the interdisciplinary unknown of engineering, and _32_ an area where lecturers may not feel confident to teach yet,” Serge Wich, an expert in primate biol
36、ogy says. “ Students are taught about well _33_ technologies such as automatic sound recorders, but drones are often missing from university teaching. Consequently, drone use among researchers is still fairly limited and focused on getting photos.”Wichs team of researchers used techniques to develop
37、 a fully automated drone technology system that tracks and monitors the health of endangered animals globally. Its designed to be cheap, stable and simple to use, so that local communities in developing countries can operate it independently without technical background. Yet its not more widely used
38、 on the grounds of researchers _34_ of skills to use this technology. In biology, where drones are used, few can program an algorithm _35_ for their preservation or research problem. “Theres much that needs to be done to bridge those two worlds and to make AI more user-friendly so that people who ca
39、nt program can still use the technology.” Wich says.【答案】26. AD 27. B 28. ABC 29. A 30. AB 31. C 32. BD 33. AC 34. BC 35. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍无人机的有关事宜。技术在保护和生态学研究中起着至关重要的作用。在拯救世界上现存的野生动物免于灭绝的战斗中，无人机有着巨大的潜力。【26题详解】考查动词。句意：因此，研究人员现在可以在茂密的森林中追踪野生动物，在广阔的海洋中监测鲸鱼。分析句子，根据and后面的monitor whales可知，前面应该是“追踪野生动物”，动
40、词track“追踪”，符合句意，情态动词can后面跟动词原形，故选AD项。【27题详解】考查动词。句意：英国国际教育协会(British International Education Association)今年1月主办了一次会议，强调了技术解决方案在保护脆弱物种和生态系统方面的重要性。分析句子结构，空格前的to是动词不定式的标志，再根据空格后的the importance可知此处指“强调”重要性，highlight是动词，意思是“突出，强调”，符合句意。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词。句意：演讲者强调了科技如何有助于保护鲸鱼：无人机可以在海洋上空盘旋，发现鲸鱼，而某些摄像机可以识别单个物
41、种的成员。分析句子结构，空格前的to是动词不定式的标志，再根据空格前后的内容drones can circle high above the ocean t和whales可知，此处指“发现”鲸鱼，spot是动词，意思是“认出，用灯光照射，发现”，符合句意。故选ABC项。【29题详解】考查形容词。句意：根据牛津大学生物学教授克劳迪奥西莱罗(Claudio Sillero)的说法，科技正在改变保存研究的方式但是以一种进化的方式。分析句子，空格way是名词，所以此处应该填形容词；再根据文中的technology is changing how preservation research is don
42、e可知，这里指一种“进化的”方式，evolutionary是形容词，意思是“进化的”，符合句意。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词。句意：但是在大学里教授保护和生态学课程是不同的。分析句子结构，句子是一般现在时，这里缺少谓语动词，该句是动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式，；differ是动词，意思是“不同”，第三人称单数形式是differs，符合句意，故选AB项。【31题详解】考查名词。句意：灵长类生物学专家Serge Wich说:“事实上，使用无人机是一个跨学科的工程未知的飞跃，可能是一个讲师们还没有信心去教授的领域。”分析句子，根据空格前的a，可知这里应该用单数名词，“使用无人机”当然
43、是一个“飞跃”，而leap是名词，意思是“飞跃”，符合句意。故选C项。【32题详解】考查副词。句意：灵长类生物学专家Serge Wich说:“事实上，使用无人机是一个跨学科的工程未知的飞跃，可能是一个讲师们还没有信心去教授的领域。”根据句意可知，这是生物专家Serge Wich的一种推测，副词potentially“很可能”，符合语境。故选BD项。【33题详解】考查形容词。句意：学生们学的是自动录音机等成熟的技术，但大学教学中往往没有无人机。分析句子，technologies是名词，由形容词修饰，再根据such as automatic sound recorders可知这里指“成熟的”技术，
44、established是形容词，意思是“确定的，资深的”，符合句意。故选AC项。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，由于研究人员缺乏使用这项技术的技能，它并没有得到更广泛的应用。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作of的宾语，由“not more widely used”可知这里指技能的“缺乏”，lack of的意思是“缺乏，缺少”，其中lack是名词，意思是“缺乏”，符合题意。故选BC项。【35题详解】考查副词。句意：在使用无人机的生物学领域，很少有人能专门为无人机的保存或研究问题编写算法。分析句子，无人机是一个新的领域，所以没有这方面的“专门”人才，这里是副词修饰动词，specifically，意
45、思是“特定地，明确地”，符合句意。故选D项。(B)Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. introduction B. roughly C. mainstream D. educational AB. emergence AC. applied AD. nearness BC. identify BD. access CD. widely ABC.
46、subjectThe term dark tourism is far newer than the practice, which long predates(早于) Pompeiis _36_ as a dark attraction. Dr Philip Stone, perhaps the worlds leading academic expert on dark tourism, considers the Roman Colosseum to be one of first dark tourist sites, where people travelled long dista
47、nces to watch death as sport. Later, until the late 18 century, the appeal was crueler in central London, where people paid money to sit in grandstands to watch mass hangings. Dealers would sell pies at the site, which was _37_ where Marble Arch stands today.It was only in 1996 that dark tourism ent
48、ered the scholarly vocabulary when two academics in Glasgow _38_ it while looking at sites associated with the murder of John F.Kennedy. Those who study dark tourism _39_ plenty of reasons for the growing phenomenon, including raised awareness of it as an identifiable thing. _40_to sites has also im
49、proved with the arrival of cheap air travel. Its hard to imagine that the Auschwitz-Birkenau memorial and museum would now welcome more than two million visitors a year were it not for its _41_ to Krakows international airport. Peter Hohenhaus, a _42_ travelled dark tourist based in Vienna, also poi
50、nts to the broader rise in off-the-beaten track tourism, beyond the territory of popular guidebooks and TripAdvisor rankings. “A lot of people dont want _43_ tourism and that often means engaging with places that have a more recent history.” he says. “ You go to Sarajevo and most people remember the
51、 war being in the news so it feels closer to ones own biography.” Hohenhaus is also a fan of beauty in decay, the contemporary cultural movement in which urban ruins have become _44_ matter for expensive coffee-table books and a thousand Instagram accounts. The crossover with death is clear. “ I hav
52、e always been drawn to ruined things,” the 54-year-old says. But while, like any tourism, dark tourism at its best is _45_ , the example of Grenfell Tower (a London tower block, destroyed by a fire in 2017 with 71 deaths) hints at the unease felt at some sites. “ .I would not stand in the street tak
53、ing a selfie merrily.”【答案】36. AB 37. B 38. AC 39. BC 40. BD 41. AD 42. CD 43. C 44. ABC 45. D【解析】本文是说明文，文章介绍了什么是“黑暗旅游”及其流行的原因。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：“黑色旅游”这个词比这种做法要新得多，因为“黑色旅游”早在庞贝古城作为黑色旅游景点出现之前就已经存在了。分析句子成分可知，所设空在定语从句中作宾语，故应用名词，根据句意，庞贝古城作为黑色旅游景点“出现（emergence）”，结合语境，“emergence(出现)”符合语境，故选AB。【37题详解】考查副词。句意：商
54、人们会在这里卖馅饼，这里大致就是今天大理石拱门的位置。分析句子成分可知，在“, which was _2_ where Marble Arch stands today”从句中，该句使用主系表结构，表语为“where Marble Arch stands today”，所设空修饰表语，应用副词，根据句意，“roughly(大约)”符合语境，故选B。【38题详解】考查一般过去时态。句意：直到1996年，格拉斯哥的两位学者在考察与约翰肯尼迪遇刺案有关的景点时，将“黑色旅游”一词应用到了学术词汇中。分析句子成分可知，“two academics in Glasgow”作主语，所设空作谓语，根据语境，
55、应用一般过去时态，结合句意，“applied(应用)”符合上下文，故选AC。【39题详解】考查一般现在时态。句意：研究黑色旅游的人找出了这种日益增长的现象的很多原因，包括人们越来越意识到它是一种可识别的事物。分析句子成分可知，所设空作谓语，根据语境，应用一般现在时态，结合句意，“identify(认出，识别，确定)”符合语境，故选BC。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：随着廉价航空的到来，访问网站的情况也有所改善。分析句子成分可知，_5_ to sites作主语，故应用名词，“access (访问) ”符合语境，故选BD。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：如果不是因为距离克拉科夫国际机场很近，很难想象
56、奥斯威辛-比克瑙纪念馆和博物馆现在每年会迎来200多万游客。该句使用了虚拟语气，分析句意可知，“奥斯威辛-比克瑙纪念馆和博物馆现在每年会迎来200多万游客”是由于“距离克拉科夫国际机场很近”造成的，“nearness(接近，靠近)”符合语境，故选AD。【42题详解】考查副词。句意：彼得霍亨豪斯(Peter Hohenhaus)是维也纳一位游历甚广的黑色游客，他也指出，在流行的旅游指南和TripAdvisor排名之外，独辟蹊径的路线旅游正在更广泛地崛起。分析句子成分可知，所设空处修饰 “travelled”应用副词，“a widely travelled dark tourist”意为“游历甚广
57、的黑色游客”，结合语境，“widely”符合上下文，故选CD。【43题详解】考查名词。句意：“很多人不喜欢主流旅游，这通常意味着去那些有着较近代的历史的地方旅游。”他说。根据下文语境“and that often means engaging with places that have a more recent history”可知，那些“有着较近代的历史的地方”也就是“主流（mainstream）旅游”，很多人往往不喜欢，“mainstream(主流)”符合语境，故选C。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：Hohenhaus也热衷于腐朽之美(beauty in decay)，这是一场当代文化运动
58、，城市废墟已经变成昂贵的桌边书和成千上万个Instagram社交媒体账户的主题。根据句意可知，这场当代文化运动已经成为线上和线下各类媒体的“主题（subject matter）”，故“subject(主题)”符合语境，故选ABC。【45题详解】考查形容词。句意：不过，像任何旅游一样，尽管黑色旅游在它状态极佳的情况下是具有教育意义的，但格伦费尔大厦(Grenfell Tower) (2017年伦敦的一座塔楼被大火烧毁，造成71人死亡)的例子却暗示了一些景点给人不安的感觉。分析句子结构可知，该句“ dark tourism at its best is _10_, ”使用主系表结构，故空格处应用形
59、容词，根据句意，“黑色旅游”像其他旅游一样，是有教育意义的（educational），故“educational (有教育意义的)”符合语境，故选D。IV. Cloze test (30)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.(A)Studies show that older peo
60、ple tend to remember the positive things in life rather than the negative things, while younger people remember the positive and negative equally well. The dominant psychological theory to explain this is that older people are aware of their limited time left, so they _46_ positive emotional experie
61、nces. But about a decade ago, I worked with biologist Robert Trivers on his idea that there was a(n) _47_ basis for older peoples increased positive outlook. Our research took us in the fascinating direction of exploring how the body _48_ its energy.When our _49_ needed more energy than usual perhap
62、s while being chased by a tiger, they had to get that energy from somewhere in the body. Could they borrow it from the brain? That organ uses 20 percent of our metabolic output, whether we are solving math problems or watching television reruns. Due to this constant energy requirement, borrowing ene
63、rgy from the brain when our need _50_ the available supply is not an option. Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles. Because we use far more muscle energy when we are active than when at rest, _51_, we could borrow energy when we are sitting. But the problem is that most of the energy-deman
64、ding emergencies of our ancestors _52_ a muscular response. There was no way to borrow energy from our muscles during an emergency because relaxing when a tiger showed up was not a(n) _53_ response. This brings us to our immune system, which, when _54_ protects us from many illnesses and diseases. L
65、ike the brain, the immune system works at great metabolic cost, but largely in the _55_of keeping us healthy in the future. We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a(n) _56_ break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes i
66、s our immune function. When youre being chased by a tiger, you dont need to waste energy making immune cells to fight off tomorrows cold. What you need is to _57_ all available energy resources to your legs, with the hope that you will live to experience another cough or sneeze._58_, our immune syst
67、em evolved to run in maximum amounts when were happy, but to slow down dramatically when were not. With this background in mind, Trivers supposed that older people evolved a strategy of turning this relationship on its head, becoming more _59_ the positive things in life in an effort to enhance thei
68、r immune functioning. This was helped along by their knowing much more about the world than younger adults, so they can deal with some of the _60_ things in life more easily.46. A. switchB. energizeC. prioritizeD. undergo47. A. regularB. evolutionaryC. solidD. fundamental48. A. usesB. squeezesC. spr
69、eadsD. classifies49. A. bodiesB. generationsC. ancestorsD. seniors50. A. surpassesB. meetsC. respondsD. requires51. A. at randomB. in principleC. at timesD. in case52. A. rejectedB. neglectedC. expectedD. required53. A. objectiveB. effectiveC. emergentD. negative54. A. vulnerableB. efficientC. defen
70、siveD. strong55. A. serviceB. basisC. searchD. shift56. A. momentaryB. voluntaryC. energeticD. intensive57. A. submitB. activateC. shiftD. accumulate58. A. In the meantimeB. On the contraryC. In the endD. As a result59. A. addicted toB. free ofC. focused onD. enthusiastic about60. A. emotionalB. cru
71、cialC. unforgettableD. depressing【答案】46. C 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. A 51. B 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. A 56. A 57. C 58. D 59. C 60. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，老年人更加关注积极的事情。文章从进化角度分析了产生这一现象的理论基础。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：解释这一现象的主流心理学理论是，老年人意识到自己剩下的时间有限，所以他们会优先考虑积极的情感体验。A. switch 改变，转换；B. energize 给增添能量；C. prioritize 优先处理，优
72、先考虑；D. undergo 经历，经受。根据第一段中的“older peoples increased positive outlook”可知，老年人的人生观更为积极。由此可知，当他们意识到自己的时间有限的时候，他们会“优先考虑”积极的情感体验。故选C。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是大约十年前，我和生物学家罗伯特特里弗斯一起研究他的观点，他认为老年人越来越积极的人生观是有进化基础的。A. regular 定期的，有规律的；B. evolutionary 进化的，发展的； C. solid 固体的；D. fundamental 基本的，根本的。根据第二段中的“When our 4
73、 evolved to run in maximum amounts”可知，从第二段到最后一段，作者从进化的角度分析了Robert Trivers的理论。由此可知，老年人越来越积极的人生观是有进化基础的。故选B。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究将我们带向了探索人体如何利用能量的迷人的方向。A. uses 使用；B. squeezes 榨出，挤出；C. spreads 传播，散布；D. classifies 将分类。根据第二段中的“when our 4 needed more energy”和第三段中的“when our body needs extra energy, one
74、of the places it goes is our immune function”可知，作者从第二段到第三段分析了我们的身体需要能量的时候能量的来源。该句是对下文内容的总结，由此可知，该处应指身体如何“使用”它的能量。故选A。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们的祖先在被老虎追赶时需要比平时更多的能量时，他们不得不从身体的某个地方获取能量。A. bodies 身体；B. generations 代；C. ancestors 祖先；D. seniors 较年长的人。根据第一段内容可知，作者从进化论的角度分析我们对身体能量的使用。再结合第7小题前面的“our ancestors”可
75、以推知，该句应该是从我们的“祖先”开始分析这个问题。故选C。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于这种持续的能量需求，当我们的需求超过可用的供应时，我们就无法选择从大脑借用能量。A. surpasses 超越，胜过；B. meets 相遇；C. responds 响应，做出反应；D. requires 要求，需要。根据前面的“Due to this constant energy requirement”和后面的“Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles”可知，人们对大脑的能量需求持续不断，那么，在大脑不能提供所需能量的时候，我们就需要
76、从我们的肌肉来获取能量。故该处应指当我们的需求“超过”可用的供应时，从大脑来借用能量就不是一个好的选择了。故选A。【51题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：因为我们在活跃的时候比休息的时候消耗更多的肌肉能量，所以原则上我们可以在坐着的时候借用能量。A. at random 胡乱地，随意地；B. in principle 大体上，原则上；C. at times 有时候；D. in case 以防，万一。根据前面的“Because we use far more muscle energy when we are active than when at rest”可知，我们在活跃的时候比休息的时候消耗
77、更多的肌肉能量。由此可知，根据这个原则，坐着的时候身体不那么活跃，所以我们可以在坐着的时候借用能量。故选B。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但问题是，我们祖先的大多数需要能量的紧急情况都需要肌肉的反应。A. rejected 拒绝；B. neglected 忽视，忽略；C. expected 期望，预料；D. required 要求，需要。第二段开头提到“被老虎追赶”的情景。根据常识，被老虎追赶时，人需要快速跑动，这就“需要”肌肉的反应。故选D。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在紧急情况下，我们无法从肌肉中借用能量，因为老虎出现时放松并不是一种有效的反应。A. objective
78、 客观的；B. effective 有效的；C. emergent 新兴的，处于发展初期的；D. negative 消极的，否定的。老虎出现时，肌肉处于放松状态的话，就不能帮助人们快速逃跑。因此，放松并不是一种“有效的”反应。故选B。【54题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就涉及到我们的免疫系统，当免疫系统具有防御功能时，它会保护我们免受许多疾病的侵袭。A. vulnerable 脆弱的，易受伤害的；B. efficient 有效率的，高效的；C. defensive 防御性的，自卫的；D. strong 强壮的。根据后面的“protects us from many illnesses a
79、nd diseases”可知，免疫系统可以保护人们免受很多疾病的侵袭，也就是说，它具有“防御功能”。故选C。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：和大脑一样，免疫系统也要付出巨大的代谢代价，但在很大程度上是为了让我们在未来保持健康。A. service 服务；B. basis 基础，根据；C. search 搜寻；D. shift 转移，改变。免疫系统主要是让人们在未来保持健康，这是它对人体做出的“服务”。故选A。【56题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们有大量的免疫细胞流经我们的身体，暂时停止生产是没问题的。A. momentary 瞬间的，短暂的；B. voluntary 自愿的；C.
80、energetic 精力充沛的；D. intensive 集中的，加强的。根据前面的“We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body”可知，流经我们身体的免疫细胞非常多，因此，免疫细胞“暂时”停止生产是可以的。故选A。【57题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你所需要的是把所有可用的能量转移到你的腿上，希望你能活下去，再经历一次咳嗽或打喷嚏。A. submit 提交，呈递，使服从；B. activate 刺激，激活；C. shift 转移，变换；D. accumulate 积累，积聚。根据前面的“When y
81、oure being chased by a tiger, you dont need to waste energy making immune cells to fight off tomorrows cold”可知，当你被老虎追赶时，你不需要浪费能量制造免疫细胞来抵御明天的感冒。因此，这时我们需要做的就是把可用的能量“转移”到腿上，提高逃跑的速度。故选C。【58题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：结果，我们的免疫系统进化到当我们快乐的时候最大限度地运转，而当我们不快乐的时候，免疫系统就会急剧减速。A. In the meantime 其间，同时；B. On the contrary 相反地；
82、C. In the end 终于，最后；D. As a result 结果。根据后面的“our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when were happy, but to slow down dramatically when were not”可知，该句叙述的是免疫系统进化的结果：当我们快乐的时候最大限度地运转，而当我们不快乐的时候，免疫系统就会急剧减速。故选D。【59题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有了这样的背景，特里夫斯假设老年人进化出一种策略来彻底改变这种关系，变得更加关注生活中积极的事情，以努力增强他们的免疫功能。A
83、. addicted to 沉迷于；B. free of 无的，摆脱的；C. focused on 集中于上；D. enthusiastic about 对热心。根据后面的“in an effort to enhance their immune functioning”可知，老年人为了提高免疫功能，他们更加“关注”生活中积极的事情。故选C。【60题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这得益于他们比年轻人更了解世界，所以他们可以更容易地处理生活中的一些令人沮丧的事情。A. emotional 情绪的；B. crucial 至关重要的；C. unforgettable 令人难忘的；D. depres
84、sing 令人沮丧的。根据前面的“their knowing much more about the world than younger adults”可知，老年人比青年人更了解世界，由此可知，老年人更关注生活中积极的事情，他们更容易处理生活中“令人沮丧的”事情。故选D。(B)Face shape lets AI spot rare disordersPeople with genetic syndromes sometimes have revealing facial features but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis
85、can be _61_ given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors _62_ the possibilities.Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built neural network to look at the overall impression of faces
86、and _63_ a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.They _64_ the neural network, called DeepGestalt,on17,000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the Al to _65_ potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people
87、 with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time.Gurovich and his team also _66_ the neural networks ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations(变异) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used photographs of people with
88、 Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in any one of five genes. DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time. Its clearly not _67_ but its still much better than humans are at trying to do this.As the system makes its assessments,
89、 the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are _68_ and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about_69_. If
90、faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to _70_ against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders. _71_, Gurovich says the tool will only be available for use by clinicians.This technique c
91、ould bring_72_ to those who have genetic syndromes. The real value here is that for some of these ultra-rare diseases, the _73_ of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then _74_ the diagnosis through checking genetic markers. For some d
92、iseases, it will cut down the time to diagnosis dramatically. For others, it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and, _75_ help find new treatments or cures.61. A. convincingB. trickyC. reliableD. feasible62. A. bring aboutB. result fromC. narrow downD. rule out63. A. re
93、turnB. inputC. topD. feed64. A. basedB. imposedC. focusedD. trained65. A. identifyB. distinguishC. shiftD. cure66. A. testedB. demonstratedC. recognizedD. acquired67. A. acceptableB. perfectC. reliableD. workable68. A. coveredB. excludedC. highlightedD. supervised69. A. objectivityB. accuracyC. cred
94、ibilityD. privacy70. A. discriminateB. fightC. argueD. vote71. A. FurthermoreB. ThereforeC. OtherwiseD. However72. A. challengesB. benefitsC. damagesD. concerns73. A. treatmentB. responseC. remedyD. process74. A. repliedB. confirmedC. eliminatedD. addressed75. A. by contrastB. in turnC. in additionD
95、. on the contrary【答案】61. B 62. C 63. C 64. D 65. A 66. A 67. B 68. C 69. D 70. A 71. D 72. B 73. D 74. B 75. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了研究人员利用新的技术手段，可以通过脸型让人工智能发现罕见的疾病。【61题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：患有遗传综合症的人有时会显露出面部特征，但考虑到他们可能患有数百种可能的病症，利用这些特征来做出快速而廉价的诊断可能很棘手。A. convincing令人信服的；B. tricky棘手的；C. reliable可靠的；D. feasible
96、可行的。根据“there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have.”可知有人可能患有数百种可能的病症，利用这些特征来做出快速而廉价的诊断可能很棘手。故选B。【62题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一种新的分析人脸照片的神经网络可以帮助医生缩小这种可能性。A. bring about引起；B. result from起因于；C. narrow down缩小；D. rule out排除。根据下文“This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then _1
97、4_ the diagnosis through checking genetic markers.”可知一种新的分析人脸照片的神经网络可以帮助医生缩小这种可能性。故选C。【63题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：波士顿FDNA生物技术公司的亚伦古罗维奇和他的团队建立了神经网络来观察脸部的整体印象，并列出了一个人最有可能患有的10种基因综合症。A. return返回；B. input输入；C. top居 之首；D. feed进食。根据“the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.”可知这里意思是把一个人最有可能患有的10种基因综
98、合症列出来。故选C。【64题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们训练了名为DeepGestalt的神经网络，对17000张正确标记的图像进行训练，以匹配200多种遗传综合征。A. based以为基础；B. imposed把.强加于；C. focused聚焦；D. trained训练。根据“on17,000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes.”可知研究人员对神经网络进行了训练。故选D。65题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究小组随后要求人工智能从另外502张患有这种疾病的人的照片中识别出潜在的遗传疾
99、病。A. identify识别；B. distinguish区分；C. shift转移；D. cure治疗。根据“potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions.”可知研究小组随后要求人工智能从另外502张患有这种疾病的人的照片中识别出潜在的遗传疾病。故选A。66题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：古罗维奇和他的团队还测试了神经网络区分导致同一种综合症的不同基因突变的能力。A. tested测试； B. demonstrated证明； C. recognized意识到； D.
100、acquired获得。根据“the neural networks ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations(变异) that can lead to the same syndrome.”可知古罗维奇和他的团队还测试了神经网络区分导致同一种综合症的不同基因突变的能力。故选A。【67题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这显然不是完美的，但它仍然比人类尝试做到这一点要好得多。A. acceptable可接受的；B. perfect完美的；C. reliable可靠的； D. workable切实可行的。根据下文“b
101、ut its still much better than humans are at trying to do this.”可知尽管它并不完美，但它仍然比人类尝试做到这一点要好得多。故选B。【68题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在系统进行评估时，对判断最有帮助的面部区域会被突出显示，供医生查看。A. covered覆盖； B. excluded排除；C. highlighted突出 D. supervised监督。根据“and made available for doctors to view.”可知在系统进行评估时，对判断最有帮助的面部区域会被突出显示。故选C。【69题详解】考查名词词义
102、辨析。句意：这一诊断仅基于一张简单的照片，这一事实引发了有关隐私的问题。A. objectivity客观性；B. accuracy准确性；C. credibility可信性；D. privacy隐私。根据“If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to _10_ against people who have a high probability of having cer
103、tain disorders.”可知这一事实引发了有关隐私的问题。故选D。【70题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人脸可以揭示基因的细节，那么雇主和保险公司原则上就可以秘密地使用这类技术来歧视那些很有可能患有某些疾病的人。A. discriminate歧视；B. fight与斗争；C. argue争论；D. vote选举。根据“then employers and insurance providers could” 和“people who have a high probability of having certain disorders.”可知雇主和保险公司原则上就可以秘密地使用这类
104、技术来歧视那些很有可能患有某些疾病的人。故选A。【71题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，古罗维奇说，该工具将只供临床医生使用。A. Furthermore此外；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. However然而。“雇主和保险公司原则上就可以秘密地使用这类技术来歧视那些很有可能患有某些疾病的人”与“该工具将只供临床医生使用”之间是转折关系，用however。故选D。【72题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项技术可以为那些患有遗传综合症的人带来显著的好处。A. challenges挑战；B. benefits利益；C. damages毁坏；D. concern
105、s关心。根据“For some diseases, it will cut down the time to diagnosis dramatically.”可知对于某些疾病，这项技术将大大缩短诊断时间，会为那些有遗传综合症的人的带来诊断的便捷，所以会为那些患有遗传综合症的人带来显著的好处。故选B。【73题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：真正的价值在于，对于一些非常罕见的疾病，诊断过程可能需要很多年。A. treatment治疗；B. response反应；C. remedy补救；D. process进程。根据“For some diseases, it will cut down the ti
106、me to diagnosis dramatically.”可知对于一些非常罕见的疾病，诊断过程可能需要很多年。故选D。【74题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种技术可以缩小搜索空间，通过检测基因标记来确定诊断。A. replied回答；B. confirmed确诊； C. eliminated消除；D. addressed解决。根据“the diagnosis through checking genetic markers.”可知这里意思是通过检测基因标记来确定诊断。故选B。【75题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：对其他人来说，它可能会增加发现其他患有这种疾病的人的手段，反过来有助于发现新的
107、治疗方法或治愈方法。A. by contrast与之相比；B. in turn反过来；C. in addition此外；D. on the contrary正相反。根据“help find new treatments or cures.”可知这里意思是对其他人来说，它可能会增加发现其他患有这种疾病的人的手段，反过来有助于发现新的治疗方法或治愈方法。故选B。V. Reading Comprehension (30)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several question
108、s or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The two roadsIt was New Years Night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towar
109、ds the deep blue sky, where the stars were floating like white lilies on the surface of a clear calm lake. When he cast them on the earth, where a few more hopeless people besides himself now moved towards their certain goal- the tomb. He had already passed sixty of the stages leading to it, and he
110、had brought from his journey nothing but errors and regrets. Now his health was poor, his mind vacant, his heart sorrowful, and his old age short of comforts.The days of his youth appeared like dreams before him and he recalled the serious moment when his father placed him at the entrance of the two
111、 roads-one leading to a peaceful, sunny place, covered with flowers, fruits and resounding with soft, sweet songs; the other leading to a deep, dark cave, which was endless, where poison flowed instead of water and where devils and poisonous snake hissed and crawled.He looked towards the sky and cri
112、ed painfully, “O, my father, place me once more at the entrance to life, and Ill choose the better way!” But both his father and the days of his youth had passed away.He saw the lights flowing away in the darkness. These were the days of his wasted life; he saw a star fall from the sky and disappear
113、ed, and this was the symbol of himself. His regret, which was like a sharp arrow, struck deeply into his heart. Then he remembered his friends in his childhood, who entered on life with him. But they had made their way to success and were now honored and happy on this New Years night.The clock in th
114、e church tower struck and the sound made him remember his parents early love for him. They had taught him and prayed to God for his good. But he chose the wrong way. With shame and grief he dared no longer look towards the heaven where his father lived. His darkened eyes were full of tears, and with
115、 a despairing effort, he burst out a cry: “Come back, my early days! Come back”And his youth did return, for all this was only a dream which he had on New Year Night. He was still young though his faults were real; he had not yet entered the deep, dark cave, and he was still free to walk on the road
116、 which leads to the peaceful and sunny land.Those who still linger at the entrance of life, hesitating to choose the bright road, remember that when years are passed and your feet stumble on the dark mountains, you will cry bitterly, but in vain: “ O youth, return! Oh give me back my early days!”76.
117、 In the 3rd paragraph, the man cried painfully because _.A. all the hopeless people were moving towards deathB. He had lost forever the chance to take the right roadC. His parents and the happy days of his youth were goneD. He refused to take the road leading to a deep dark cave77. What happened to
118、the man before his sudden realization?A. He was at his fathers funeral farewell.B. He was enjoying the New Years eve.C. He was wandering at the entrance to life.D. He was having a dream of his life in old age.78. We can infer from the story that _.A. The mans childhood friends led a joyful life like
119、 himB. The man still had the opportunity to chose the right wayC. both the mans parents passed away when he was youngD. the mans father was quite strict with his son before death79. The passage is mainly written for _.A. a new driver getting lost on a detourB. a concerned mother with two children to
120、 raiseC. an experienced teacher with a good reputationD. a hesitating young adult facing a tough life choice【答案】76. B 77. D 78. B 79. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过记叙一个年轻人在新年之夜做梦梦到自己晚年生活，非常后悔自己在年轻时没有听从父亲的劝告，走正确的人生道路。以此文章来告诫犹豫不决的年轻人要选择正确的道路。【76题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段He looked towards the sky and cried painfully, “O, my f
121、ather, place me once more at the entrance to life, and Ill choose the better way!” But both his father and the days of his youth had passed away.（他仰望着天空，痛苦地哭喊着:“啊，我的父亲，把我重新放到人生的起点上吧，我会选择更好的道路!”但他的父亲和他的青春年华都已一去不复返了。）可知男人痛苦地哭了，因为他永远失去了走正确道路的机会。故选B。【77题详解】细节理解题。通过倒数第二段第一句And his youth did return, for a
122、ll this was only a dream which he had on New Year Night.（他的青春真的回来了，因为这一切只不过是他在新年夜里做的一个梦。）可知这个人正在做关于他晚年生活的一个梦。故选D。【78题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中he had not yet entered the deep, dark cave, and he was still free to walk on the road which leads to the peaceful and sunny land.（他还没有进入那黑暗的深渊，他还可以自由地走在通向宁静和光明的道路上。）可
123、知这个人仍然有机会选择正确的道路。故选B。【79题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Those who still linger at the entrance of life, hesitating to choose the bright road, remember that when years are passed and your feet stumble on the dark mountains, you will cry bitterly, but in vain: “ O youth, return! Oh give me back my early days!”（仍在人生
124、路口徘徊，仍在为是否应该疡光明坦途而犹豫不决的人们啊，请记住:当你青春已逝，双足在黑暗的群山中举步维艰，跌跌撞撞之时，你才痛心疾首地呼唤:“啊，回来吧，青春!哦，把我早年的时光还给我吧!”）以及文章内容可知，这篇文章主要是写给一个犹豫不决的年轻人面对艰难的人生选择。故选D项。B80. How should we read the following sentence with proper pauses?A. Buffalo buffalo Buffalo/ buffalo buffalo/ buffalo Buffalo buffalo.B. Buffalo buffalo/ Buffalo
125、 buffalo buffalo/ buffalo Buffalo buffaloC. Buffalo buffalo Buffalo/ buffalo buffalo buffalo/ Buffalo buffalo.D. Buffalo buffalo/ Buffalo buffalo/ buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo.81. What is the key element to make this sentence possible?A. The relative pronouns in English can be omitted.B. In Engli
126、sh, place names can be used as adjectives.C. The city has the same name with a kind of American bison.D. The word buffalo has the same form of singular and plural.82. Where can you probably find this article?A. Wandering the EarthB. Linguistics Around UsC. Popular Animal ScienceD. Collins English Gr
127、ammar【答案】80. B 81. D 82. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章以一句话为例子，说明了语言学中，句子组成和拆分的规律。【80题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段的“Saying the above sentence with pauses after monkeys and intimidate can help. Now we need to replace both of the verbs, intimidate and bully, with their (admittedly uncommon) synonym, buffalo.(说上面的句子，在猴子和恐吓后停顿会有帮助
128、。现在我们需要把这两个动词“恐吓”(intimidate)和“欺负”(bully)都替换成它们的同义词“buffalo”(公认是不常见的)。）”可知在第二个词和第五个词停顿，故选B项。【81题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“One last thing to note: This exceptional sentence is possible because the plural of the animal buffalo is buffalo, not buffalos, otherwise all the words wouldnt be identical.(最后要注意的一点是:之所以
129、会出现这个例外的句子，是因为动物buffalo的复数形式是buffalo，而不是buffalos，否则所有的单词就不一样了。)”可知buffalo这个单词单复数形式一样，故选D项。【82题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Lets break it down, starting with simple phrase.(让我们从简单的短语开始分解它。)”以及第三段“In English, we can use place names as adjective, so lets shorten the sentence a little.(在英语中，我们可以用地名作为形容词，所以让我们把句子缩短一点。
130、)”结合全文内容对 “Buffalo, buffalo, Buffalo, buffalo, buffalo, buffalo, Buffalo, buffalo这个句子的解释与拆分可知，文章内容主要研究句子的组成和拆分规律，由此可推断这篇文章最有可能出现在“Linguistics Around Us(我们周围的语言学)”，故选B项。 (C)Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the l
131、ungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th.Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. Dying of “consumption” seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of peop
132、le. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and 1m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. Americas National Institutes of Health, fo
133、r example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis
134、 projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabi
135、lized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because the population itself is going up.Even drug companies are involved. In the run-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $ 50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why
136、TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people to stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected
137、 with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution.The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The (global Funds joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence
138、. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the bodys immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-H
139、IV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.83. The first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have i
140、ts day.” means _.A. every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or laterB. human beings can deal with problems caused by diseaseC. Tuberculosis becomes a serious infection diseaseD. people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently84. By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2, the author intends to show
141、_.A. the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars on TuberculosisB. the death rate of AIDS is higher than that of TuberculosisC. the officials didnt pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the pastD. compared with AIDS, Tuberculosis can be cured effectively85. Which of t
142、he following is best defines the word “upshot” (Para 5)?A. Outcome.B. Uphold.C. Achievement.D. Project.86. Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the passage tries to convey?A. Forgive and forget.B. Forgotten, but not gone.C. When the wound is healed, the pain is forgot
143、ten.D. Every dog is brave at his own door.【答案】83. D 84. D 85. A 86. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了结核病卷土重来的两个原因被人们忽视以及它和艾滋病间的关系（抗艾滋病药物会使结核病恶化）。【83题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th.”可知，3月24日星期六是世界结核病日，这说明人们对这种病足够重视才专门把一天
144、定为结核病日，由此可知这句话的意思是：近年来，结核病越来越受到人们的重视，故D项正确。【84题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionablehowever, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organizati
145、on, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and 1m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS.”可知，肺结核原来很流行，但现在被人忽视，死亡人数比艾滋病少，研究经费也远远少于艾滋病，这说明结核病比艾滋病更容易有效地治愈，由此可知第二段中提到艾滋病是为了说明与艾滋病相比，肺结核是可以有效治愈的，故D项正确。【85题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词前
146、的“Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse.”可知，相反，在大约20%的患者同时患有两种疾病的情况下，抗艾滋病毒药物会使结核病恶化，因此此处是说结果是，在人类找出结核病的病因125年后，它仍然是一个严重的威胁，由此可知画线词词义为“结果”，故A项正确。【86题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第二段中的“Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. has, howe
147、ver, been neglected of late.”及最后一段中的“The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS.”可知，本文主要介绍的是结核病卷土重来的两个原因被人们忽视以及它和艾滋病间的关系（抗艾滋病药物会使结核病恶化），因此本文主要是想告诉我们结核病只是被人们忽视了，它还是人类健康的一大威胁，故B项正确。【点睛】本篇第4题难度较大，抓住文章主题是关键，根据文章内容，特别是第二段中的“Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. has, however, been negle
148、cted of late.”及最后一段中的“The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS.”可知，本文主要介绍的是结核病卷土重来的两个原因被人们忽视以及它和艾滋病间的关系（抗艾滋病药物会使结核病恶化），因此本文主要是想告诉我们结核病只是被人们忽视了，它还是人类健康的一大威胁，故B项（只是被遗忘，并未离去）符合文章主旨。(D)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used
149、 only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nations greatest public health success stories but not for everyoneAs a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten teens in the US smoked; tod
150、ay fewer than two in ten do. _87_.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General s Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The haz
151、ards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nations attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool.Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even th
152、eir own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. _88_. If you can stop them from smoking, youve won the war. Few people start smoking a
153、fter turning eighteen. _89_.The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of$2. 42 on every pack -three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens sm
154、oke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low(60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New Yorks, Other low-tax states have similarly dismal recordsEnemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that
155、they fall disproportionately on the poor._90_. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the
156、 past 50 years. But as long as 3, 000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not wonA. The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerfulB. Smoking is believed to kill an estimated one million people through tobacco related diseases across the world each year.C. True, but s
157、o do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax.D. But some statesKentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name Just a fewseem to have missed message that smoking is deadly.E. The government has tried to curb smoking by imposing bans on smoking groups in taxis, schools and hospitalsF. But the
158、surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes.【答案】87. D 88. F 89. A 90. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。美国禁烟运动已经进行了50年，而且仍在继续，它是美国公共健康领域最成功的故事之一但并不是对所有人都适用。文章主要说明了美国的历史上对禁烟所采取的一些措施。【87题详解】根据下一段Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was
159、started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon Generals Report on Smoking and Health.可知，他们的失败是1964年1月11日，首位卫生局局长关于吸烟与健康的报告，这是开始拯救生命的努力中最大的失望。由此可知，本句是在列举一些忽视了吸烟是致命的美国地方州。故D项“但肯塔基州、南达科他州和阿拉巴马州等一些州似乎忽视了吸烟是致命的这一信息”承上启下，故选D。【88题详解】根据后文If you can stop them from smoking, youve won the war. Few people start
160、 smoking after turning eighteen.可知，如果你能阻止他们吸烟，你就赢得了这场战争。很少有人在十八岁以后开始抽烟。故F项：“但是最可靠的防止吸烟的方法，尤其是对价格敏感的青少年，是提高税收”说明要防止青少年吸烟的方法是提高税收，从而导致烟的价格增高，防止青少年吸烟，与后文Few people start smoking after turning eighteen.呼应。故选F。【89题详解】根据后文The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2. 42 on e
161、very pack -three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.可知，成人吸烟率最低的10个州平均征收2美元的烟草税。每包42美元是吸烟率最高的州平均税收的三倍。由此可知，后文列举了许多州都实行了对烟草征税，是征税强有力的现实证据。故A项“对征税的现实证据是有力的”符合上下文语境，故选A。【90题详解】根据上文Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately
162、on the poor.(高烟草税的反对者们坚持认为，高烟草税不成比例地落在了穷人身上。)以及后文The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.可知，当税收被用于资助帮助吸烟者戒烟或劝说青少年不要吸烟的活动时，税收的效果会进一步放大。由此可推知，本句是在将吸烟和税收的影响进行对比，相对而言，吸烟的致命影响比税收严重的多。故C选项“是的，但吸烟的致命影响也是
163、如此，远比征税更严重”符合上下文语境，故选C。VI. Translation(20)Directions: Translate the following phrases or sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.91. 经济全球化是经济发展的必然趋势,它是不以人类意志力为转移的。Economic globalization is _, _.【答案】 (1). an inevitable trend of the economy development; (2). which is independent
164、of humans will.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。根据句意，空格一缺少“经济发展的必然趋势”，应用an inevitable trend of the economy development，根据句意表示泛指，用不定冠词，inevitable以元音因素开头，用an；空格二用定语从句，指代整个主句，从句中作主语，用关系代词which，表示“不以人类意志力为转移的”应用be independent of humans will，主语which是单数，be动词用单数，由上文的is可知，用一般现在时。故填an inevitable trend of the economy
165、development;which is independent of humans will.。【点睛】92. 最让我们担心的是有些人成名以后就抵制不住金钱和名誉的诱惑,对伦理道德视而不见。_ is that some people _ after they have risen to fame and that they _.【答案】 (1). What worries us most (2). cant resist the temptation of money and reputation (3). turn a blind eye to ethics and morality.【解
166、析】【分析】【详解】考查主语从句，时态和固定短语。对照中英文句意可知，第一空处需表示“最让我们担心的”之意，根据句子结构可知，此处需用主语从句，主句从句缺少主语，表示具体的内容，需用连接代词what引导主语从句，从句的谓语动词为worry“使担忧”，其后接宾语us，most表示最，作状语，由空后is可知，此处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是连接代词what，所以此处谓语动词需用单数worries；第二空处需表示“抵制不住金钱和名誉的诱惑”之意，cant resist抵不住，作谓语，其后接 the temptation of money and reputation“金钱和名誉的诱惑”作宾语；第
167、三空处需表示“对伦理道德视而不见”，由前文is可知，此处谓语动词也需用一般现在时态，turn a blind eye to对视而不见，固定短语，作谓语，此处主语是they，谓语动词需用原形，其后接ethics and morality“伦理道德”作宾语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填What worries us most；cant resist the temptation of money and reputation；turn a blind eye to ethics and morality.。93. 我们应该目标高远,自律自强,要记得但凡值得我们做的事情都值得做好。We should
168、aim high and _ and meanwhile bear in mind that _.【答案】 (1). discipline ourselves (2). whatever is worth doing deserves doing well.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语、动词的固定结构和主语从句。第一空，discipline oneself表示“严于律己”，根据主语We可知此处用ourselves，位于情态动词should之后，应该用动词原形，故第一空填discipline ourselves；第二空，be worth doing表示“值得做”，deserve doin
169、g表示“值得被做，应该”，此处为whatever引导的主语从句，“但凡值得我们做的事情”翻译为；whatever is worth doing，“值得做好”翻译为：deserve doing well，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，从句作主语，谓语动词用单数，故第二空填whatever is worth doing deserves doing well。94. 疫情防控问题值得社会各行各业群策群力,共商对策。_ deserves _ to negotiate and find solutions.【答案】 (1). The issue of epidemics control and pr
170、evention (2). peoples efforts from all walks of life【解析】【详解】考查名词和固定短语。根据汉语提示和分析句子可知，“疫情防控问题”表达为the issue of epidemics control and prevention；“社会各行各业”用固定短语all walks of life；“群力”表达为peoples efforts 。根据句意，“the issue of epidemics control and prevention”作主语，首字母大写。故The issue of epidemics control and preven
171、tion；peoples efforts from all walks of life。95. 项目一开始,各种问题就层出不穷,一片混乱。Hardly had the project started _ and everything was in a mess.【答案】when all kinds of problems kept emerging【解析】【分析】【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。结合句意表示“一就”短语为hardlywhen，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时；结合句意表示“各种”应用短语all kinds of；表示“问题”应用名词problem，作主语，应用复数形式；表示“层出不穷”可用短语keep emerging。故填when all kinds of problems kept emerging。
