1、2020浦东复旦附中高三上12月月考II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word t
2、hat best fits each blank.Traditional Chinese medicine, practiced for thousands of years, is having trouble maintaining traction in many parts of the country, said the president of a TCM hospital in Henan province.I have visited many counties across the country and found that many of them_1_(not have
3、) a single TCM hospital, said Pang Guoming of Kaifeng Hospital of TCM in Kaifeng.In some counties,TCM hospitals use the old building of other hospitals, which have moved to bigger and new buildings.“TCM is a unique heath resource for China, and more effort should be made to promote it so it plays a
4、_2_ (big) part in universal health-care：The development of TCM _3_ (expect) to accelerate, with a guideline recently approved by the top leadership aimed at promoting innovation and the passing on of TCM knowledge.Equal importance should be given to the development of TCM and Western medicine _4_ (p
5、romote) their complementary nature, said the guideline, which was released and approved in July.More efforts should be made to improve the TCM service system, promote high - quality development of the TCM industry and boost TCM talent building, _5_said.TCM hospitals and clinics in China provided nea
6、rby 1.1 billion patient services last year a rise of 5.2 percent compared with 2017.However, modem hospitals provide the majority of services, with total patient services provided by hospitals and clinics - including modern medicine and TCM hospitals and clinics _6_ (reach) 7.5 billion in the first
7、11 months of last year, a year - on-year rise of 3.2 percent.Compared with _7_modern medicine is regarded, many local authorities still have not given enough importance to TCM development.Meanwhile, many people tend to evaluate empirical (经验主义的)TCM with standards_8_ (mean) for modern medicine, which
8、 is also a major obstacle to TCM development and recognition, Pang said.Ma Jianzhong, chairman of the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies, said_9_innovation in TCM theory, technological innovation is necessary to encourage the development of TCM.TCM technologies_10_borrow modern technolog
9、y so that it can play a better role in treatment, Ma said. 【答案】1. havent had 2. bigger 3. is expected 4. to promote 5. it 6. reaching 7. the 8. meant 9. in addition to 10. must【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过数据和专家的观点说明了中医的重要性，鼓励重视中医的发展。【1题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：“我走访了全国很多县，发现其中很多县连一家中医医院都没有，”开封中医院的庞国明表示。that引导的宾语从句缺少谓语动词
10、，根据句意，此处使用现在完成时，主语为many of them，谓语动词使用复数形式。故填havent had。【2题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：中医药是中国特有的健康资源，要加大推广力度，使中医药在全民医疗中发挥更大的作用。空处需填形容词作定语修饰名词part，结合语境，此处表示与以前相比，需用形容词比较级。故填bigger。【3题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：中国最高领导层近日批准了一项旨在促进中医药创新和传承的指导意见，中医药发展有望加快。be expected to为固定短语，意为“预计，有望做某事”，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为The development of
11、 TCM，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is expected。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：7月发布并批准的该意见指出，应该同等重视中医和西药的发展，以促进它们的互补性质。分析句子结构，谓语动词是should be given，空处需填非谓语动词，结合语境，空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to promote。【5题详解】考查代词。句意：要进一步完善中医药服务体系，促进中医药产业高质量发展，推进中医药人才队伍建设。空处缺少主语，指代上文中的“guideline”，需用代词it。故填it。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，现代医院提供了大部分服务，去年前11个月，医院和诊所，(
12、包括现代医学和中医医院和诊所)提供的患者服务总量达到75亿人次，同比增长3.2%。谓语动词是provide，空处需填现在分词reaching作结果状语,与逻辑主语是主动关系。故填reaching。【7题详解】考查冠词。句意：与现代医学相比，许多地方政府对中医药发展还不够重视。根据句意，此处表示特指，需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：庞教授说:“同时，许多人倾向于用现代医学的标准平均值来评价经验主义的中医，这也是中医发展和认识的一个主要障碍。” tend to为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，standard和mean为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填m
13、eant。【9题详解】考查固定短语。句意：世界中医药学会联合会主席马建中表示，除了中医药理论创新之外，技术创新对促进中医药的发展也是必要的。根据句意可知，此处填in addition to为固定短语，意为“除了”。故填in addition to。【10题详解】考查情态动词。句意：他说:“中医技术必须借鉴现代技术，这样才能更好地发挥治疗作用。”结合语境可知，此处需填情态动词“必须”，must意为“必须”。故填must。Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word
14、 can be used only once.Note that there is one word than you need.A.artificial B.automated C.confused D.expertly E.imitatedF.inspection G.intentionally H.likes I.predictions J.seeded K.temptingDont fear the WriternatorComputer-generated writing will never replace the human kind.Many people will be fa
15、miliar with _11_ writing through two features of G-mail.Smart Reply offers brief answers to routine emails. More strikingly, Smart Compose Kicks in as you write, suggesting endings to your sentences. Both are not only provided in perfect English; they often weirdly seem to have guessed what you want
16、 to say.The New Yorkers John Seabrook recently described a more powerful version of this technology, called GPT-2, which _12_ his magazines style. Such systems use a digital network of billions of artificial “neurons”(神经元) with virtual “synapses” the connections between neurons - that strengthen as
17、the network Teams,The metaphor of the brain is _13_, but “neurons” and “synapses” deserve those scare-quotes (引导).The system is merely making some statistical guesses about which words follow which in a New Yorker-style sentence.At a simple level, imagine beginning an email with “Happy” Having looke
18、d at millions of other emails, G-mail can reasonably guess that the next word will be “birthday”. GPT-2 makes _14_ of the same sort.What fails computers is creativity.They cannot conceive a topic or goal on their own, much less plan how to get there with logic and style.At various points, readers ca
19、n see how GPT-2 would have carried on writing Mr Sea-brooks piece for him .The prose gives then impression of being human. But on closer _15_ it is empty, even incoherent.Meaningless prose is not only the preserve of artificial intelligence.There is already a large quantity of writing that seems to
20、make sense, but ultimately doesnt, at least to a majority of readers. In 1996 Alan Sokal famously submitted an article to a humanities journal, with ideas that were complete nonsense but with language that _16_ imitated fashionable post-modernist academic prose. It was accepted. Humans already produ
21、ce language that is lacking in meaning, _17_ and otherwise.But to truly write, you must first have something to say.Computers do not.They await instructions.Given input, they provide output.Such systems can be _18_ with a topic, or the first few paragraphs, and be told to “write”. While the result m
22、ay be grammatical English, this should not be _19_ with the purposeful kind.To compose meaningful essays, the _20_ of GPT-2 will first have to be integrated with databases of real-world knowledge.【答案】11. B 12. E 13. K 14. I 15. F 16. D 17. G 18. J 19. C 20. H【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了不要害怕机器写手，机器写手无法完全取代人类。【1
23、1题详解】考查形容词。句意：许多人将通过Gmail的两个特性来熟悉自动写作。根据writing可知此处要用形容词，automated“自动化的”符合题意。故选B。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：纽约客的（特约撰稿人）约翰西布鲁克最近描述了这种技术的一个更强大的版本GPT-2，可以巧妙地模仿撰稿风格。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词which充当主语，由described可知此处谓语动词要用一般过去时，imitated“模仿”符合题意。故选E。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：大脑这个比喻听起来很诱人，但是“神经元”和“突触”值得我们引用一下。根据谓语动词is可知此处要用形容词，作表语，temp
24、ting“诱惑人的”符合题意。故选K。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：GPT-2做出了类似的预测。根据makes可知此处要用名词，做宾语，且由of the same sort可知要用名词的复数，predictions“预言”符合题意。故选I。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：但仔细一看，它是空的，甚至是不连贯的。根据closer可知此处要用名词，inspection“检查，视察”符合题意。故选F。【16题详解】考查副词。句意：1996年，著名的Alan Sokal向一份人文杂志提交了一篇伪造的文章，其观点完全是胡说八道，但其语言却熟练地模仿了时髦的后现代主义学术散文。根据imitated可知此处要用
25、副词，expertly“巧妙地”符合题意。故选D。【17题详解】考查副词。句意：人类已经有意或无意地创造了没有意义的语言。此处要用副词作状语，修饰上文的句子，intentionally“有意地”符合题意。故选G。【18题详解】考查动词的过去分词。句意：这样的系统可以植入一个主题，或前几段，并收到“写”的指令。根据can be可知此处要用动词的过去分词，seeded“植入，播种”符合题意。故选J。【19题详解】考查动词的过去分词。句意：虽然结果可能是合乎语法的英语，但不应将其与有目的的英语混淆。根据should not be可知此处要用动词的过去分词，confused“混淆”符合题意，短语be
26、confused with。故选C。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：要写出有意义的文章，像GPT-2这样的项目首先必须与真实世界的知识数据库相结合。根据the可知此处要用名词，likes“同类”符合题意。故选H。III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fi
27、ts the context.Small business hold the key to employee happinessAs the calendar flips to another year, many employees will consider starting the new year on the hunt for a new job.In todays changing workforce, it is more important than even for companies to realize that a salary alone is no longer e
28、nough to _21_ or retain strong employees.According to survey by Aflac, small businesses deserve a round of _22_ for their ability to keep employees happy. The report found that 85 percent of small-business employees are happy in their current job, and more than half (51 percent) agree that most of o
29、r all of their happiness in their current job is a(n) _23_ of working for a small business.Nearly a quarter of participants (23 percent) stated that the feeling of importance was the best part of working for a small business.Small businesses have the _24_ ability to make employees feel appreciated,
30、respected and valued on a personal and _25_ level.In a small-business environment, there are _26_ fewer layers between newcomers and leadership.This tight-knit structure can create a(n) _27_ atmosphere that allows employees to feel that their opinions matter and that they play a significant role in
31、the businesss mission._28_ is also vital in creating employee happiness. According to the report, 30 percent of respondents noted that flexible_29_ was the best part of working for a small business. A workplace that _30_ healthy work-life balance can create happier, less stressed employees and can a
32、lso increase _31_.Although small businesses _32_ at keeping employees happy, there is always room for improvement. In a small-business community, money does not seem to be the only _33_. In fact, 65 percent of small-business employees indicate that an improvement in their benefits offerings would ma
33、ke them happier.By offering a comprehensive benefits plan that include _34_ benefits, small businesses can ensure that their employees are able to find the right benefits to meet their _35_ needs21. A. attractB. improveC. driveD. encourage22. A. criticismB. suggestionC. applauseD. proposal23. A. cau
34、seB. resultC. creationD. innovation24. A. commonB. abnormalC. universalD. unique25. A. generalB. professionalC. amateurD. public26 A. accidentallyB. occasionallyC. typicallyD. theoretically27. A. family-likeB. colleague-likeC. eco-friendlyD. user-friendly28. A. StabilityB. AvailabilityC. Flexibility
35、D. Employ-ability29. A. schedulingB. profitC. transportationD. equipment30. A. eliminatesB. restrictsC. breaksD. promotes31. A. creativityB. productivityC. requirementD. imagination32. A. shineB. marvelC. aimD. tremble33. A. monitorB. claimC. motivatorD. affection34. A. accessibleB. compulsoryC. pro
36、gressiveD. voluntary35. A. individualB. psychologicalC. physicalD. objective【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章描述了小企业在员工幸福感方面优点和改善空间。【详解】1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在当今不断变化的劳动力市场，公司甚至更应该意识到，单靠工资已经不足以吸引或留住优秀的员工。A.attract吸引；B.improve改善；C.dr
37、ive促使；D.encourage鼓励。根据标题“Small business hold the key to employee happiness”（小企业是员工幸福的关键）可知，本文是讲员工幸福感，本句中的or表示前后并列关系，所以所选词词义与retain（留住）相近。故选A。2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据Aflac的调查，小型企业让员工开心的能力值得人们鼓掌。A.criticism批判；B.suggestion建议；C.applause鼓掌；D.proposal建议。根据后文“The report found that 85 percent of small - business em
38、ployees are happy in their current job”（该报告发现，85%的小企业员工对目前的工作感到满意）可知小型企业的员工感到非常开心，所以小型企业让员工开心的能力值得人们鼓掌。故选C。3.考查名词词义辨析。句意：该报告发现，85%的小企业员工对目前的工作感到满意，超过一半(51%)的人认为，他们目前工作的幸福感大部分或全部是为小企业工作的结果。A.cause原因；B.result结果；C.creation创造；D.innovation创新。根据句意可知，此处是指因为在小企业工作，才有了他们现在的结果对工作感到满意且幸福感高。故选B。4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：小
39、企业有一种独特的能力，能让员工在个人和职业层面上感到被欣赏、尊重和重视。A.common普遍的；B.abnormal不正常的；C.universal普遍的； D.unique独特的。根据前文“The report found that 85 percent of small - business employees are happy in their current job”（该报告发现，85%的小企业员工对目前的工作感到满意）可知，让员工在个人和职业层面上感到被欣赏、尊重和重视是小企业独特的能力。故选D。5.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：小企业有一种独特的能力，能让员工在个人和职业层面上感到被
40、欣赏、尊重和重视。A.general大致的；B.professional职业的；C.amateur业余的；D.public公众的。本文是在讲员工在小企业中工作的感受，所以是指在个人和职业层面上感到被欣赏、尊重和重视。故选B。6.考查副词词义辨析。句意：在小型企业环境中，新人和领导之间的阶层通常更少。A.accidentally偶然地；B.occasionally偶然地；C.typically典型地；D.theoretically理论上地。结合常识可知，小企业管理么有那么复杂，领导和员工之间是阶层很少，是它们的典型。故选C。7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种紧密联系的结构可以创造一种家庭般的氛围
41、，让员工感到他们的意见是重要的，他们在企业的使命中扮演着重要的角色。A.family-like家庭般的；B.colleague-like同事般的；C. eco-friendly生态友好的；D.user - friendly用户友好的。根据后文“allows employees to feel that their opinions matter and that they play a significant role in the businesss mission”（让员工感到他们的意见是重要的，他们在企业的使命中扮演着重要的角色）可知，这种紧密联系的结构可以创造一种家庭般的氛围。故选A。
42、8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：灵活性在创造员工幸福方面也是至关重要的。A.Stability稳定性； B.Availability可用性；C.Flexibility灵活性；D.Employ-ability就聘能力。根据后文“According to the report, 30 percent of respondents noted that flexible 9 was the best part of working for a small business.”可知，此处是讲灵活性在创造员工幸福方面也是至关重要的。故选C。9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：报告显示，30%的受访者表示，灵活的工作
43、时间安排是在小公司工作的最大优点。A.scheduling时间安排；B.profit利润；C.transportation交通；D.equipment设备。结合常识可知，小企业结构设置比较简单，工作相对不复杂，所以在工作时间安排上比较灵活。故选A。10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个促进健康的工作与生活平衡的工作场所可以让员工更快乐、压力更小，还可以提高生产力。A.eliminates消除；B.restricts限制；C.breaks打破； D.promotes促进。根据后文“can create happier, less stressed employees”（能创造出更快乐、压力更小的员工
44、吗）可知，此处是指一个促进健康的工作与生活平衡的工作场所。故选D。11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个促进健康的工作与生活平衡的工作场所可以让员工更快乐、压力更小，还可以提高生产力。A.creativity创造力；B.productivity生产力；C.requirement要求；D.imagination想象。并列连词and表示前后意义相近，根据前文“can create happier, less stressed employees”（可以创造出更快乐、压力更小的员工）可知，此处应是正向的结果，用“提高生产力”符合语境。故选B。12.考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管小企业在让员工开心方面表现出
45、色，但总有改进的空间。A.shine有闪光点；B.marvel大为赞叹；C.aim目标是；D.tremble发抖。根据前文“The report found that 85 percent of small - business employees are happy in their current job”（该报告发现，85%的小企业员工对目前的工作感到满意）可知，小企业在让员工开心方面表现出色。故选A。13.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在小型企业中，金钱似乎不是唯一的动力。A.monitor监视器； B.claim声称；C.motivator动力；D.affection感情。根据后文“In
46、fact, 65 percent of small - business employees indicate that an improvement in their benefits offerings would make them happier.”（事实上，65%的小企业员工表示，福利待遇的改善会让他们更快乐。）可知，金钱不是他们工作的唯一动力。故选C。14.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过提供包括自愿福利在内的综合福利计划，小企业可以确保他们的员工能够找到满足他们个人需求的正确福利。A.accessible可使用的；B.compulsory义务的；C.progressive渐进的；
47、D.voluntary自愿的。根据“a comprehensive benefits plan”（综合福利计划）可知，此处是指综合福利计划种包括自愿福利这个项目。故选D。15.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过提供包括自愿福利在内的综合福利计划，小企业可以确保他们的员工能够找到满足他们个人需求的正确福利。A.individual个人的；B.psychological心理的；C.physical身体的；D.objective客观的。根据前文“their employees are able to find the right benefits”（他们的员工能够找到正确福利）可知，此处是指找到正确的福
48、利满足员工的个人需求。故选A。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read
49、.AGetting old might not be something thats yet to cross your mind.But ageing is inevitably going to get the better of us one day, so its something Im sure wed all like control.It would be great to have a long, healthy and happy life, and thats why scientists are constantly seeking out evidence that
50、will show us what we need to do to achieve longevity.We all know that regular exercise is good for us.In recent years were been told to aim to walk 10,000 steps a day to remain healthy, although other advice to do three brief 10-minute walks a day is thought to be even more effective.But the latest
51、piece of research might put a spring in your step if youre someone who walks at a fast pace.Thats because, according to scientists, the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains, as well as their bodies, are ageing.The BBCs Philippa Roxby writes that tests on 1,000 p
52、eople from New Zealand bom in the 1970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of accelerated ageing： Their lungs, teeth and immune systems were in worse shape than those who walked faster.And to add insult to injury, the study found not only did slower walkers bodies age more quickly, their
53、 faces looked older and they hand smaller brains.Professor Terrie E Moffitt, lead author of the study, told the BBC: It found that a slow walk is problem sign decades before old age：This might be seen as a wake - up call for people with a slower pace who might feel its time to work out and get fitte
54、r.But it might be too late; researchers writing in JAMA Network Open say they were able to predict the walking speed of 45 - year- olds using the results of intelligence, language and motor skills tests from when they were aged three.They also suggest that even in early life, there are signs showing
55、 which people will go on to have a healthier life.So, whats the point of knowing that a slower walking pace might mean a smaller brain? Well, researchers say measuring walking speed at a younger age, and understanding what this might mean, could be a way of testing treatments to slow human ageing.Th
56、is might help us make lifestyle changes while were still young and healthy.Taking steps to prolong a good mental and physical state is a no brainer!36. The underlined part in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_.A. withdraw your footstepsB. accelerate your paceC. decrease your walking speedD. highl
57、ight your fast movement37. What can be learned from the study by Philippa Roxby and Terrie E Moffitt?A. Due to increased ageing problem, people become less physically healthy which leads to their slower walking.B. When people choose to walk fast, they tend to look younger than when they choose to wa
58、lk slowly.C. Slow walking can be probably used to predict aging problem decades before one grows old.D. People with small brains walk more slowly than those with big brains.38. What can we infer from the passage?A. We will definitely try to find ways to make us healthier.B. By checking ones walking
59、speed at a young age, we can prevent fast aging from happening.C. If one walks slowly, theres no chance that he will live a long life.D. The outcomes of peoples IQ tests can provide information for us to foresee ones walking speed.39. What is the best title of the passage?A. Researches on Slow Walki
60、ngB. Slow Walking VS Fast WalkingC. Slow Walking and AgeingD. Why Slow Walking ages us【答案】36. B 37. C 38. A 39. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了最近一项研究发现，走的慢会导致衰老加速，而快速走路的人则会更加健康、看起来要更年轻且大脑也较大。因此我们要在年轻时就要改变生活方式，快速走路，来延长健康的精神和身体状态。【36题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子中“if youre someone who walks at a fast pace”（如果你走路速度很快）和下文“T
61、hats because, according to scientists, the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains, as well as their bodies, are ageing.”（根据科学家的说法，这是因为人们在40多岁时的走路速度是大脑和身体衰老程度的一个迹象。）可推知，“put a spring in your step”意为“加快你的步伐”。故选B。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The BBCs Philippa Roxby writes th
62、at tests on 1,000 people from New Zealand born in the 1970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of accelerated ageing： Their lungs, teeth and immune systems were in worse shape than those who walked faster.And to add insult to injury, the study found not only did slower walkers bodies age
63、 more quickly, their faces looked older and they hand smaller brains. Professor Terrie E Moffitt, lead author of the study, told the BBC: It found that a slow walk is problem sign decades before old age：”（英国广播公司(BBC)的菲利帕罗克斯比(Philippa Roxby)写道，对上世纪70年代出生的1000名新西兰人进行的测试发现，走路慢的人往往表现出“加速衰老的迹象:与走路快的人相比，他
64、们的肺部、牙齿和免疫系统的状况更糟糕。”雪上加霜的是，研究发现，走路慢的人不仅身体衰老更快，他们的脸看起来更老，他们的大脑也更小。Terrie E Moffitt教授是该研究的主要作者，她告诉BBC:“研究发现，走路慢是变年几十年前的问题迹象:）可知，慢走可能被用来预测一个人变老前几十年的衰老问题。故选C。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Well, researchers say measuring walking speed at a younger age, and understanding what this might mean, could be a way of te
65、sting treatments to slow human ageing. This might help us make lifestyle changes while were still young and healthy. Taking steps to prolong a good mental and physical state is a no brainer!”（研究人员表示，在年轻时测量行走速度并理解这可能意味着什么，可以作为测试延缓人类衰老治疗方法的一种方式。这可能会帮助我们在年轻和健康的时候改变生活方式。采取措施来延长良好的精神和身体状态是显而易见的!）可推知，我们一定
66、会努力找到让我们更健康的方法。故选A。【39题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章主要内容，尤其是第二段的“tests on 1,000 people from New Zealand born in the 1970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of accelerated ageing”（对1000个出生于20世纪70年代的新西兰人测试发现，走得慢的人往往表现出“加速衰老”的迹象）可知，本文主要讲述了走得慢会加速衰老。C项：Slow Walking and Ageing（走路慢老得快）可以作为本文标题。故选C。BThe best f
67、amily hikes in the U.S.Finding a hike thats easy enough for youngsters and still enticing for adults can be difficult, but there are several worthwhile hiking trails throughout the U.S.for a family outing.Taking into account scenery, walk-ability and accessibility from major cities, weve rounded up
68、five of the best family - friendly hikes in America.1.Jordan Pond Path, Acadia National Park (Maine)Acadia National Park has a fantastic mix of water features, lush mountains and rich wildlife and all can be enjoyed by hiking the Jordan Pond Path.The 3.2 - mile loop is along the waters edge and offe
69、rs vistas of The Bubbles Mountains, making for a scenic hike the entire time.Visitors often spot beavers, frogs and birds.2.Makapuu Lighthouse Trail (Oahu, Hawaii)This two - mile trail is located a 30 - minute drive east of Waikiki and can be travelled through by kids, people in wheelchairs and dogs
70、 on leashes.outstanding views of the coastline, a 1909 - built lighthouse and even migrating humpback whales (November through May) make it a popular and worthwhile outing.3.Bear Mountain Loop Trail (New York)The Bear Mountain Loop Trail (a 90 - minute drive outside of New York City) is both dog -an
71、d kid - friendly, though only for those willing and able to climb many steps and do a bit of rock scrambling near the top.Still, many elementary - aged kids and fit dogs often complete this hike that ends in lovely views over the Hudson River.4.Santa Elena Canyon Trail Big Bend National Park (Texas)
72、The Santa Elena Canyon Trail is an easy - to - moderate hike within Big Bend National Park along the Texas and Mexico border.The picturesque trail provides opportunities to see the winding Rio Grande, wildlife life javelinas and roadrunners and canyon walls.Be prepared for scorching temps in the sum
73、mer, and dont forget your camera.5.Los Penasquitos Canyon Trail (San Diego, California)Although the Los Penasquitos (little cliffs) Canyon Trail stretches seven miles, its flat, easy and doable for kids, people in wheelchairs and dogs on leashes.The Los Penasquitos Canyon Preserve has Native America
74、n history that dates back 7,000 years.Today, hikers, bikers and horseback riders all make use of the expansive area, and visitors can see a waterfall, greenery and an old adobe house.40. From which trail can you have a view of the Hudson River?A. Bear Mountain Loop Trail ( New York)B. Makapuu Lighth
75、ouse Trail (Oahu, Hawaii)C. Jordan Pond Path, Acadia National Park (Maine)D. Santa Elena Canyon Trail, Big Bend National Park (Texas)41. Santa Elena Canyon Trail, Big Bend National Park (Texas) will be the last choice for those who want to_ .A. see Rio GrandeB. enjoy the wildlifeC. hike in summerD.
76、take pictures42. If a family including children, someone injured in the leg and dogs on leashes plan to hike, which trail will you recommend?A. Bear Mountain Loop Trail or Los Penasquitos Canyon TrailB. Makapuu Lighthouse Trail or Los Penasquitos Canyon TrailC. Bear Mountain Loop Trail or Jordan Pon
77、d Path, Acadia National ParkD. Makapuu Lighthouse Trail or Santa Elena Canyon Trail【答案】40. A 41. C 42. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章对美国几个适合家庭远足的景点进行了详细介绍。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Still, many elementary - aged kids and fit dogs often complete this hike that ends in lovely views over the Hudson River.”（尽管如此，许多小学生和
78、健康的狗经常完成这趟徒步旅行，结束时欣赏哈德逊河的美景。）可知，在Bear Mountain Loop Trail (New York)线路可以欣赏哈德逊河的美景。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Be prepared for scorching temps in the summer, and dont forget your camera.”（做好夏季炎热天气的准备，别忘了带上相机。）可知，Santa Elena Canyon Trail, Big Bend National Park (Texas)是那些想要在夏天远足的人的最后选择。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“
79、This two - mile trail is located a 30 - minute drive east of Waikiki and can be travelled through by kids, people in wheelchairs and dogs on leashes.”（这条两英里长的小径位于怀基基岛以东30分钟车程的地方，儿童、坐轮椅的人和牵着皮带的狗都可以通过。）和最后一段第一句“Although the Los Penasquitos (little cliffs) Canyon Trail stretches seven miles, its flat,
80、easy and doable for kids, people in wheelchairs and dogs on leashes.”（虽然Los Penasquitos(小悬崖)峡谷小径长达7英里，但它平坦、容易，适合儿童、坐轮椅的人和拴着皮带的狗。）可知，如果一个家庭包括孩子、腿部受伤的人和被拴着的狗，计划徒步旅行，Makapuu Lighthouse Trail 或者Los Penasquitos Canyon Trail非常适合。故选B。CAn old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted the
81、 trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the valu
82、e to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission (TC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers
83、, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT; Googles Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and the Digital advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking (尽快行动) on r
84、esponding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row.It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows & would have DNT as a default (默认值).Advertisers are horrified.Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but i
85、f tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Lidice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “Theyll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.
86、”It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default, some may ignore a DNT
87、 signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect me
88、thod: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Window 8 though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Googles on that count before.Brendon Lynch, Microsofts chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believ
89、e consumers should have more control: Could it really be that simple?”43. It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that “behavioral” ads help advertisers to _. A. ease competition among themselvesB. lower their operational costsC. avoid complaints from consumersD. provide better online services44. “The indust
90、ry” (Line 4, Para.3) refers to_.A. online advertisersB. e-commerce conductorsC. digital information analystsD. internet browser developers45. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default_.A. may cut the number of junk adsB. fails to affect the ad industryC. will not benefit consumersD. goes again
91、st human nature46. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?A. DNT may not serve its intended purpose.B. Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.C. DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.D. Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads.【答案】43. B 44. D 45. C 46. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文
92、章对在浏览器中设置DNT作为默认值存在的争议进行了详细说明。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted - the trouble is, no one knows which half.In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced.By watching what people search for, click on and say online, comp
93、anies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.(俗话说得好，一半的广告预算都浪费了问题是，没人知道是哪一半。在互联网时代，至少在理论上，这一比例可以大大降低。通过观察人们在网上搜索什么、点击什么和说什么，公司可以针对那些最有可能购买的人投放“行为”广告)”可知，行为广告可以帮助公司减少运营成本。故选B。【44题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission (TC) proposed adding a “do not track” (
94、DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.(2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会(TC)提议在互联网浏览器中增加一个“禁止跟踪”（DNT）选项，这样用户就可以告诉广告商他们不想被跟踪)”可知，“In February the FTC and the Digital advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking (尽快行动) o
95、n responding to DNT requests.(今年2月，联邦贸易委员会和数字广告联盟（DAA）一致认为，该行业将着手回应DNT请求)”中的该行业是指网络浏览器开发行业。故选D。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段第四句“Bob Lidice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.(全国广告主协
96、会的首席执行官Bob Lidice说，如果广告行业不能收集消费者的偏好信息，他们的处境将会更糟)”可知，此处是指如果设置DNT为默认值，广告行业就不能收集消费者的偏好信息，他们的处境将会更糟。由此可知，这样并不会对消费者有好处。故选C。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段第二句“Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so.(得到DNT信号并不能迫使任何人停止跟踪，尽管一些公司已经承诺会这样做)”可知，DNT可能无法实现其预
97、期目的（防止用户被追踪）。由此可知，选项A正确。故选A。Section CDirections: Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The future of management educationOn behalf of the trustees of the Gordon Ge
98、kko Business School, I write with a helicopter view on our beloved institution. There is good news and bad. First, congratulations are in order. Under your leadership, GorGeBS has again been named by The Economist as one of the worlds top 100 business schools.The bad news is that our best-of-breed s
99、tatus is in danger because the very business model of our school faces structural challenges. Demand is plunging. Our MBA applications are down by a quarter. Across America, applications to business schools have fallen for five years in a row. _47_One reason is a drop in international applicants, ma
100、ny of whom are put off by Americas anti-immigration policies. But before you rush to blame all those law graduates staffing up government departments, the bigger factor is that we are charging too much. Our MBA costs nearly twice as much as it did a decade ago, but nobody believes we are delivering
101、twice as much value._48_The time I spent getting my MBA on our leafy campus by the fountainhead of the River Rand constituted two of the best years of my life. Even so, I am beginning to think that your dogged defence of a bricks- and-mortar strategy is wrong-headed. Online business education can de
102、liver world-class thought leadership, too.Worse, the relevance of our curriculum is being challenged. _49_They are in a very different mind space, demanding that we go beyond our traditional teachings on the primacy of shareholder value to embrace stakeholder value.The threat is existential. In the
103、past five years, nearly a tenth of the full-time MBA programmes in America have disappeared. _50_If we are to survive, never mind elevate GorGeBS to the top of the rankings, we need start thinking outside the box and spearhead the next management revolution.Lets touch base offline soon.A. The studen
104、ts today are not the ambitious Darwinian capitalists who used to strive for business degrees.B. However, applicants from developing countries still find acquiring MBA degrees in America an appealing idea.C. From Florida to Iowa, business schools have stopped offering the degree altogether.D. Even at
105、 Harvard, they are down this year by about 6%.E. A continuously worsening environment also leads to the decrease in the acquisition of diplomas.F. We are also failing to manage with technological disruption.【答案】47. D 48. F 49. A 50. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今管理教育面临挑战，申请商学院的人数不断下降，分析了产生这一现象背后的几个原因以及建议采取的
106、应对措施。【47题详解】根据上文“The bad news is that our best - of - breed status is in danger because the very business model of our school faces structural challenges. Demand is plunging. Our MBA applications are down by a quarter. Across America, applications to business schools have fallen for five years in a
107、row.(坏消息是，由于我们商学院的商业模式本身面临结构性挑战，我们最优秀的商学院地位正面临危险。需求暴跌。我们的MBA申请下降了四分之一。在美国，申请商学院的人数已经连续五年下降)”可知，上文主要说明了美国申请商学院的人数连续五年下降，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，举例说明具体的学院申请人数下降情况。故D选项“即使在哈佛，今年的申请人数也下降了大约6%”符合语境，故选D。【48题详解】根据后文“The time I spent getting my MBA on our leafy campus by the fountainhead of the River Rand constitut
108、ed two of the best years of my life. Even so, I am beginning to think that your dogged defence of a bricks- and-mortar strategy is wrong-headed. Online business education can deliver world-class thought leadership, too.( 我在我们绿树成荫、坐落在兰德河源头的校园里攻读MBA的时光，是我一生中最美好的两年。即便如此，我开始认为你对传统战略的顽固捍卫是错误的。在线商业教育也可以提供
109、世界级的思想领导力)”可知，本段最后一句提到，在线商业教育也可以提供世界级的思想领导力，说明商学院申请人数下降也受到了网络技术的影响和干扰。故F选项“我们也未能应对技术干扰”符合语境，故选F。【49题详解】根据上文“Worse, the relevance of our curriculum is being challenged.(更糟糕是，我们课程的相关性正在受到挑战)”以及后文“They are in a very different mind space, demanding that we go beyond our traditional teachings on the prim
110、acy of shareholder value to embrace stakeholder value. (他们所处的思想空间截然不同，要求我们超越传统的股东价值至上的教导，拥抱利益相关者的价值)”可知，上文提到课程相关性受到了挑战，后文则提到了思想空间不同，可推知，本句承上启下，将如今的学生与过去相对比，凸显其不同，后文中They与A选项中The students today为指代关系。故A选项“今天的学生已不再是过去那些雄心勃勃、努力获得商学学位的达尔文式资本家。”符合语境，故选A。【50题详解】根据上文“In the past five years, nearly a tenth o
111、f the full-time MBA programmes in America have disappeared.( 在过去5年里，美国有近十分之一的全日制MBA课程消失了)”可知，上文提到美国MBA课程消失的现象，故本句承接上文，继续说明与MBA课程消失相关的情况，故C选项“从佛罗里达到爱荷华州，商学院已经完全停止提供学位”符合语境，故选C。IV. Summary Writing51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in
112、no more than 60 words, Use your own words as far as possibleParents everywhere praise their kids when they do well in school, win a ball game, or build an impressive sandcastle, anything that seems to be something remarkable. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kid
113、s, says, Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be stricter. giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre building their childrens confidenceIn fact they may he wrong. Too much praise can make kids afraid to try new, things or take a risk for fear of not b
114、eing able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them. Still, not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like theyre not good enough and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishmentsSo what is the right amount of praise? E
115、xperts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused an the effort - mot the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to put themselves and
116、 work hard to achieve a goal, says Donahue, author of parenting Without Fear, Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if hes out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort can also mean you n
117、eed to identify the part where your kids make specialefforts in a particular scenario(情景). Instead of saying, you are such a good baseball player, say, you hit the ball really hard. You are an excellent first baseman. Being specific is much better and helps kids identify with their special skill, Do
118、nahue says【答案】Parents praise their kids to boost their confidence. However, too much praise may stop their kids from exploring new things. Kids may also feel discouraged and stop trying without adequate praise. So what matters is the quality of praise, Parents should learn to give sincere and specif
119、ic praises for their efforts in a particular case【解析】【分析】概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。主要考察对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁语言概括文章重要信息的能力及对文章整体结构的把握能力。【详解】写作步骤 1）细读原文。找出文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意，并列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。如本文，首先读第一段可知，本文主要叙述了孩子们在学校表现出色时，父母总会进行表扬，给予他们信心。
120、可译为：Parents praise their kids to boost their confidence.。第二段主旨大意为：事实上他们可能错了。太多的表扬会让孩子害怕尝试新事物，或者冒险，因为害怕无法在父母表扬的地方保持领先地位。因此要恰当地表扬。此大意可重新表达为：However, too much praise may stop their kids from exploring new things. Kids may also feel discouraged and stop trying without adequate praise.于是第三段和第四段提出如何才能恰当地表
121、扬，即“Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused an the effort - mot the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.”还要“Praising the effort can also mean you need to identify the part wh
122、ere your kids make special efforts in a particular scenario”，表扬重在质量，要真诚。要在特定情况下的努力给予真诚和具体的表扬。此大意可重新表述为：o what matters is the quality of praise, Parents should learn to give sincere and specific praises for their efforts in a particular case2）在写作时概要应包括原文中的主要事实，同原文保持协调，略去不必要的细节。最后注意要点之间的衔接，安排好篇幅的比例。不排
123、斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些句型转换，同义词的运用，概括，主被动语态，合并句子等，形成新的东西。 3)看是否符合规定的词数要求。【点睛】本文结构合理，概括紧扣主题，用自己的语言来叙述全文的要点，文章篇幅安排的很有条理。句式相对简洁。文中运用了较高级的词组如boost ones confidence ; stop . from doing ; discourage. from . give sincere and specific praises for .以及连接副词however ,so等。句式以简单句为主，同时运用了以what
124、引导的what matters is the quality of praise。V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 他是一个意志坚定的人，不会受到周围流言蜚语的影响。(prevent)（汉译英）【答案】He is a man of strong will, preventing himself from being affected by the gossip around him.【解析】【详解】考
125、查名词，非谓语动词，固定短语。“意志”will，坚强的意志为strong will；某人具有坚强的意志为of strong will。“避免受影响”为prevent from doing sth/sth；他是，句子中的“是”为谓语动词，因此prevent需要使用非谓语动词形式，且与句子逻辑主语为主动关系，因此使用现在分词形式；被影响为be affected by；gossip流言，不可数名词。此句中描述的是一个人的品质，表示事实因此用一般现在时。故翻译为He is a man of strong will, preventing himself from being affected by t
126、he gossip around him.53. 在昨天的会议上，编辑坚持要求必须在第二天中午之前将新闻发布出去。(insist) （汉译英）【答案】At yesterdays meeting, the editor insisted that the news (should) be released by noon the next day.【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气和时态。根据句意表示“编辑”应用名词editor，作主语；表示“坚持要求”应用动词insist，作谓语，后跟宾语从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that引导；insist表示“坚持要求”时，所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟
127、语气的结构为：(should) +原形动词，should可省略；宾语从句中主语news与谓语动词release构成被动关系；表示“第二天中午之间”短语为by noon the next day；结合句意可知应用一般过去时。故翻译为At yesterdays meeting, the editor insisted that the news (should) be released by noon the next day.54. 在遭受严重的天灾后，该地区的经济遭受重创，只有在政府的领导下才能让其起死回生。 (bring) （汉译英）【答案】After suffering from the
128、serious natural disaster, this areas economy is broken seriously. Only the governments leadership can bring it back to life.【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配。表示“遭受”用suffer from，表示“使起死回生”用bring .back to life。描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时。suffer from与其逻辑主语 this areas economy 之间是主动关系，用现在分词短语作状语。表示“只有”用副词only。情态动词can表示“能够”，其后动词用原形。再结合
129、其它汉语提示。故翻译为“After suffering from the serious natural disaster, this areas economy is broken seriously. Only the governments leadership can bring it back to life.”。55. 作为一名准大学生，你必须要学会独自面对未知的未来，培养自力更生的能力，这样你 才能在未来的人生道路上走得比他人更远。(by which) （汉译英）【答案】As a prospective college student, you must learn to fac
130、e the unknown future by yourself and cultivate the ability of self-reliance, by which you can go further than others in your future life.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。根据句意“一名准大学生”可翻译为a prospective college student；表示“独自”短语为by oneself；表示“培养自力更生能力”可翻译为cultivate the ability of self-reliance；表示“学会做某事”短语为learn to d
131、o sth.；表示“走得更远”短语为go further；且此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the ability of self-reliance，介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，指物，只能用关系代词which。故翻译为As a prospective college student, you must learn to face the unknown future by yourself and cultivate the ability of self-reliance, by which you can go further than others in yo
132、ur future life.VI. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120 -150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinse.56. 随着现代科技的发展，网络已经成为年轻人生活的一部分。简要描述图片所展现的现象，结合自己的实际生活谈谈你的看法。【答案】As is shown in the picture above, a student is doing homework, not thinking for himself, but
133、relying on the Internet. Apparently, students rely too much on the Internet.Honestly speaking, with the development of modern science and technology, Internet has become a part of young peoples life. I think Internet can bring us both advantages and disadvantages. If you have some trouble studying,
134、you can surf the Internet to find more helpful information. But if you spend too much time on it, you will become lazy and cant put your heart on study.To solve the problem, teachers and parents should limit the time their kids spend on it. Students should also learn to use the Internet properly. In
135、 a word, we must be careful when we use the Internet.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于议论文，要求考生结合自己的实际生活及图片内容，谈谈对图片所展现的现象的看法。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：议论文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和现在完成时，少量现在进行时和一般将来时。结构：三段式第一段简要描述图片；第二段结合实际谈谈对此现象的看法；第三段提出解决方案。要求：1. 简要描述图片所展现的现象；2. 结合自己的实际生活谈谈你对图片所展现的现象的看法。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）do homework; rely on; a part of; h
136、ave some trouble (in) doing sth.; surf the Internet; spend.on.第三步：连词成句1. Apparently, students rely too much on the Internet.2. Honestly speaking, with the development of modern science and technology, Internet has become a part of young peoples life.3. I think Internet can bring us both advantages a
137、nd disadvantages.4. If you spend too much time on it, you will become lazy and cant put your heart on study.5. To solve the problem, teachers and parents should limit the time their kids spend on it.6. Students should also learn to use the Internet properly.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表并列补充关系：bothand; and2.表转折对比关系：but 3.表总结：in a word连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1. But if you spend too much time on it, you will become lazy and cant put your heart on study. （由if引导的条件状语从句）高分句型2. In a word, we must be careful when we use the Internet.（由when引导的时间状语从句）
