1、虚拟语气重难点分析虚拟语气是英语中一个较大的语法项目，高考语法填空和短文改错都曾经设过考点，考生应予以重视。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。一、虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表类别用法例句if引导的条件状语从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式(be多用were，但在口语中，如果主语是第一/三人称，be动词可用was)；主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形If he
2、 were here, he would help us. 如果他在这，他会帮我们的。与过去事实相反从句动词：had+过去分词；主句动词：should/would/could/might + have+过去分词If I had been free, I would have visited you. 如果我那时有空，我就会去拜访你了。与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/ should+动词原形/ were+不定式；主句动词：should/would/could/might +动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. 如果明天下
3、雨，我们就不去露营了。其他状语从句as if/though引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式They are talking was if they were/ had been friends for years. 他们交谈着，好像是多年的老朋友。even if/though引导的从句，与现在/将来事实相反时，从句动词用过去式，主句动词用should/would+动词原形；与过去事实相反时，从句动词用had+过去分词，主句动词用should/would+ have+过去分词Even if we failed, we wouldnt lose courage. 即使我们失败了，我们也不会
4、失去勇气。宾语从句demand, require, advise, suggest, order, insist(坚持要求)等表命令、建议、要求的动词后所接的宾语从句中的动词用(should)+动词原形He suggested that we (should) not change our mind. 他建议我们不要改变主意。wish后所接的宾语从句中的谓语动词分别用过去式、过去完成式和could/would+动词原形表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反的假设I wish I could be a pop singer. 我希望我是一名流行歌手。主语从句在It is necessary/import
5、ant/strange that, It is suggested/ demanded/ordered/requested that等后所接的主语从句中，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形It is strange that such a person should be our friends. 很奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。表语从句和同位语从句idea, advice, order, demand, request等表命令、建议、要求的名词后所接的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形My advice is that you (should) finish
6、 your homework first. 我的建议是你首先应该做完家庭作业。The idea that you (should) go is right. 你走的建议是正确的。其他句型中It is (high) time that句型中定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形(优先使用过去式)It is high time that we left. 该是我们离开的时候了。would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now. 我宁愿你现在待在家里。if only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，
7、表示强烈的愿望If only our dream had come true! 要是我们的梦想成真该多好！二、其他要注意的事项1. 虚拟语气中出现be的过去式，在口语中，当主语是第一、三人称单数时，可用was，但在if的倒装句中只能用were。如：Were I you, I would apologize to her. 如果我是你的话，我就会去向她道歉。2. suggest表“暗示、表明”和insist表“坚持认为”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。如：Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 你苍白的脸色表明你生病了。He insisted that
8、he was right. 他坚持认为他是对的。(如insist表“坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句则要用虚拟语气)3. if虚拟语气条件句中如有had, should, were，可省略if，并将这些词提前引起倒装。如：Were I you, I would remain. 如果我是你，我会留下来。Had you told me earlier, I wouldnt have missed it. 如果你早点告诉我，我就不会错过它了。4. 可用without, but for构成的介词短语代替虚拟语气条件句。如：But for your help, I would have failed the
9、 exam. 如果没有你的帮助，我不会通过考试的。Without water, there would be no life. 没有水，就没有生命。5. as if/though, even if/though引导的从句也可以不用虚拟语气，表示真实的情况。如：It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来似乎要下雨了。考点练透一、单句填空 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. If he _ (warn), he _ (not take) that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.2.
10、When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _ (break).3. I would rather they _ (not hear) of the news. 4. I wish _ (have) a room of my won when I was a child.5. But for the teacher, I _ (not change) my attitude to study yet. 6. Without air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth
11、at night _ (be) freezing cold, too cold for us to stay. 7. If I had worked harder at school, I _ (sit) in a comfortable office now. 8. Her pale face suggested that she _ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she _ (have) a medical examination. 9. I insisted he _ (go) to see a doctor, but he in
12、sisted nothing _ (be) wrong with him.10. He asks that he _ (give) an opportunity to explain why he has refused to go there. 11. It is high time we _ (get) down to discuss this plan. 12. If it were not for the fact that you _ (be) too busy, I would ask you to help me do this right now. 13. Who do you
13、 suggest _ (send) to work there?14. I would have come earlier, but I _ (not know) that you were waiting for me. 15. If it _ (rain) tomorrow, the outing would be cancelled. 16. If there were no air, people _ (die).17. If he _ (study) harder, he might pass the exam.18. If he _ (take) my advice, he wou
14、ld not have made such a mistake.19. We would rather you _ (go) here tomorrow.20. It is high time that you _ (go) to pick up your daughter at school. 二、语篇填空 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。I am a middle school student. I have many dreams. If there 1 (be) not so much homework, I would have more time to do what I like
15、to do. How I wish I 2 (listen) to my favorite music for an hour a day and 3 (play) table tennis for an hour in the morning. It is my desire that we 4 (hold) evening parties or 5 (organize) some interesting activities at weekend. I suggest that there 6 (be) not so many tests. You can imagine what lif
16、e 7 (will) be if I 8 (realize) my dream. But I must fact the exams. Without good marks, I 9 (will) not enter my ideal university. Anyway, its high time that I 10 (encourage) myself and worked hard from now on. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。What will happen if ice caps melt? The level of th
17、e worlds oceans will rise. 1 this is not the real problem, the problem is that these white ice caps reflect sunlight, much of 2 is reflected back into space, in turn 3 (cool) earth, but with the ice caps melting, 4 only reflector is the ocean, darker color absorbs sunlight causing further warming of
18、 the earth which can be up to 80 C which is fatal (致命的) and can cause 5 (extinct) of all living organisms.If all the ice melted, north and south pole, Antarctica, Greenland, and all, sea levels would rise 6 175 and 225 feet.Coastal areas would essentially disappear, and roughly a third of the earths
19、 existing landmass (大陆) 7 (flood). It is estimated that 60% of the worlds population lives in the coastal plains.Many inland areas would be affected as well, 8 water tables, rivers, and lakes would all rise 9 their previous heights.The animals that live in the cold (polar bears, penguins and arctic
20、foxes) will become endangered.Most important of all, there are many other 10 (predict) bad results human may be faced with. Are you afraid of that now?助读词汇reflector n. 反射物 absorb vt. 吸收essentially adv. 基本上 roughly adv. 粗略地 plain n. 平原 in turn 转而 be up to 达到 living organism 生物体 north and south pole 北
21、极和南极 coastal area 沿海地区 It is estimated that 据估计 arctic fox 北极狐参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. had been warned; wouldnt have taken 2. were broken 3. hadnt heard 4. had had 5. wouldnt have changed 6. would be 7. would be sitting 8. was; (should) have 9. (should) go; was 10. (should) be give 11. got 12. are 13. be se
22、nt 14. didnt know 15. should/were to rain 16. would die 17. studied 18. had taken 19. went 20. went 二、语篇填空1. were 2. listened 3. played 4. (should) hold 5. (should) organize 6. (should) be 7. would 8. realized / should realize / were to realize 9. would 10. encouraged 三、语法填空如果地球上的冰帽都融化的话，会发生什么？1. Bu
23、t 根据上文和空后的this is not the real problem可知填But。注意首字母要大写。2. which 分析句子结构可知，much of 2 is reflected back into space是个非限定性定语从句，先行词是sunlight，故填which。3. cooling 分析句子成分知道，动词cool在此是非谓语，与逻辑主语sunlight是主动关系，故填cooling作结果状语。4. the 在序数词和形容词最高级及形容词only, very, same等前需用定冠词the。5. extinction 作宾语用名词形式。6. between 根据空后的175
24、 and 225 feet可知。betweenand意为“在和之间”。7. would be flooded 根据前面的If all the ice melted和本段前面的Coastal areas would essentially disappear可知，此处是个虚拟语气，且动词flood 与逻辑主语landmass存在被动关系。故填would be flooded。8. as/because 根据句意可知， 8 water tables, rivers, and lakes would all rise 9 their previous heights.是个原因。故填as/because。9. from 句意：从它们以前的高度。10. unpredictable 语法角度：形容词修饰名词。句意角度：最重要的是，有很多其他人类可能会面临的不可预测的糟糕结果。故填unpredictable最合适。
