1、2020年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编（12）七选五-科教科普类1.Changing your life can come in small, easy steps. You can transform yourself and live a better life by making positive changes along the way. Here are some choices that will lead to your transformation.Choose to change bad habitsSome bad habits seem to stick around
2、without us even realizing it. _You can overcome them, find better alternatives, and get through your struggle to become a better you! Do it for yourself more than anything.Choose to growIts easy to get stuck in a fixed way of life._In choosing to grow, you build character, develop your strengths, be
3、come aware of what needs improvement, and turn into the well-rounded person you need to be to succeed.Choose to seek a balanced lifeWhere do you need balance? Are you all work, no play? Or the opposite? _If youre spending too much time working or locked away alone, find the time for social interacti
4、on and having fun. If you havent committed to a schedule in a while, make the decision to start following one._This is vital to human existence. We need the loving bonds created by family members and friends. Personal relationships are key to emotional growth and social stability.Choose to live your
5、 passionWhatever your dream is, you can have it. The person you wish to be and the things you wish to achieve are within you. Make the choice to pursue those passions at whatever cost. It may mean clearing out your schedule or doing something youve never done. _A. Choose to spend time with those you
6、 loveB. Choose to organize your schedule flexiblyC. Make the choice today that you wont be ruled by them.D. Neither extreme will lead you to a pleasant life for very long.E. However, with re-evaluation and growth comes a beautiful freedom.F. Its good to change, and youve only got so many years to re
7、fresh yourself.G. However, the reward from success and personal accomplishment will be worth it.2.根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A Diet Without Enough Protein Can Cause DepressionDepression is a condition so common, the World Health Organization (WHO) calls it “a leading cause of disabil
8、ity.”Difficulty in falling asleep, loss of appetite, and loss of ability to concentrate are just a few of the other effects of depression. WHO estimates that worldwide, at any one time, 350 million people suffer from the condition. While life events such as the loss of a spouse or a job may create a
9、 happening of depression, many cases come from within and are not caused by a life event.Now scientists are working on a new aspect of cure: nutrition._The Indian Journal of Psychiartry reports that both before and during a happening of depression, those with the condition will show a “poor appetite
10、”_Many cases of depression, if not most cases, affect those who dont eat properly. So what does protein have to do with all this? It all comes down to amino acids (氨基酸). Proteins are made up of amino acids, chemicals known as the “building blocks of life.” There are 20 different amino acids._Both th
11、e human brain and nervous system use amino acids as a substance that creates a signal from one brain cell to another or one nerve cell to another, thus relaying information between the cells. What the final result then?_Since amino acids make up protein, a diet which lacks in protein will cause weak
12、er communication between the brain cells. This lessens the signal being sent from one brain cell to the next during a thought._This is why depression can often express itself as anger or aggression.A. The ultimate effect is how we think.B. Dont ruin your appetite by eating between meals.C. Skipping
13、meals itself can create a depressed mood.D. A new research suggests that nutrition can lessen some of the risks of depression.E. India is perhaps the worlds leader in researching the connection between diet and depression.F. Many of them are made by the human body, but nine others, the “essential” a
14、mino acids, must be eaten in ones diet.G. The process can lead to twisted signals, which can not only lead to depression, but also, according to many scientists, aggression.3.根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Radar is an electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmarks, a
15、nd even storm clouds. The name radar comes from the first letters of the words radio direction and ranging. As the human eye uses light waves to see, radar “sees” with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thick fog. _In the 1800s
16、it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not make great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war. _It has been used widely in almost every conflict since then.Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam
17、of radio waves is sent out, it strikes on an object and returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screen. On the screen an observer sees a flash, or a blip, that shows the direction and distance of the object. _Airport control towers use radar to
18、 guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships._Weather forecasters “see” the size, direction, and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance to the moon. Thus, the
19、 device has generated major advancements._Huge radar antennas have been installed all over the United States. They guard us against possible enemy attacks. We have ballisticmissiles (战略导弹)warning systems that can alert us to attacks when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems w
20、arn us against enemy aircraft and even spying space satellites.A.Police track speeders in radar-equipped cars.B.These measurements are now highly accurate.C.The device can be used in a wide range of fields.D.It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers.E.During World War II many cou
21、ntries used radar effectively.F.Today radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters.G.Strengthening national defense is one of radars most important functions.4.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Have you ever heard of an insect called the cicada(蝉)?_. But they have an interest
22、ing internal clock that tells them when to go aboveground.Every 17 years, billions of the noisy Brood V cicadas(十七年蝉) will swarm(成群出现) to northeastern parts of the US, including New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania._.But there are usually a lot less of them compared to the Brood V cicadas._. According to
23、 Discovery News, these insects started their lives in 1999. And as their 17-year life cycle comes to an end, they go aboveground when their underground homes get warmer 64 degrees Fahrenheit (about 18) to be exact.Then the females will lay hundreds of eggs in trees, and after about four to six weeks
24、, the mother and father cicadas will die._.While they can be kind of annoying, these insects dont harm humans, but they do make a lot of noise during their time aboveground. _.However, since there are so many of the 17-year cicadas, the amount of laid eggs can sometimes harm small trees and bushes.
25、But after this summer, these insects will mostly mind their own business until 2033.A.That sound is the male cicadas attracting the female cicadas.B.The cicada insects are common in summer, especially in August and can be found in July as well.C.There are other kinds of cicadas that come around once
26、 a year or every 13 years.D.The baby cicadas will go underground, and the 17-year cycle will start over again.E. As a matter of fact, people like to eat them in some cultures.F. Well, a special kind of these insects live underground in the US for most of their lives.G. This is what makes Brood V cic
27、adas so special.5.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。An obvious reason for learning a new language is to be able to communicate with the people who speak it._People in every country prefer it when tourists make an effort to speak the local language, even if all you can say in it is “hello” and
28、 “please”.Cultural understandingSpeaking a new language helps you to get to know another people and culture, as language and culture go hand in hand._It shows new ways of looking at the world. In addition, when you speak another language, you can enjoy literature, film, and music in the original lan
29、guage. It is extremely difficult for a translation to be a perfect replica(复制品)of the original. _.Business and careers_Schools and employers tend to prefer candidates who speak one or more foreign languages. Even though English is widely spoken in much of the world, the fact is that the global econo
30、my depends on communication. When dealing with France, for example, someone who speaks French will have an obvious advantage over someone who doesnt.Language improvementLearning another language can help you to understand your own. Many languages have contributed to the development of English. _Also
31、, in learning how another language differs from your own, you will increase your understanding of your own language. For many people, language is innate(与生俱来的)we know how to say something, but we dont necessarily know why we say it that way. Learning another language can change that.A.Language is he
32、lpful in making foreign friends.B.The best way is to read what the author actually wrote.C.Learning another language opens ones mind to new ideas.D.Your trip will be comfortable if you speak the local language.E.Speaking more than one language will increase your market ability.F.It is true that mast
33、ering another foreign language is very beneficial.G.Learning those will teach you where words and even grammatical structures are from.6.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。What is your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange, red? _Do you prefer grays and blues? Then you are probably quiet,
34、 shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of color preference, as well as the effect that colors have on human beings._If you happen to love brown, y
35、ou did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly._A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day._A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, u
36、sed to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area -until it was repainted green . The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue._It is an established fact that factory workers work
37、 better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or gray.A. On the other hand, black is depressing.B. The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.C. Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.D. Colours do influence our mo
38、ods 一 there is no doubt about it.E. Light and bright colours make people happier, more active and more productive.F. If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, or an active person who enjoys life and excitement.G. They tell us that we dont choose our favourite colour as we grow up we are bom with
39、 our preference.7.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上,选项中有两项为多余选项。Ambitious students work hard to excel and stay on the top by putting in countless hours of studies, which include frequent late nights, endless cramming and revision sessions. _Not very. Studies show that a student who studie
40、s for an hour and takes a ten-minute break at the end of the session remembers more of what is learned throughout the session, than a student who continues studying without taking a break. _Here is a list of some.Relaxes the Mind_Studying for long hours at a stretch creates an information overload,
41、and brings about restlessness and tiredness. A short tea break at the end of a 45-minute study session refreshes your senses, energizes you, and gets you back in the right frame of mind, ready to take on the next task in the schedule.Improves Concentration LevelsThe purpose of a study session is to
42、study as much as possible and remember most of what has been learned in it._It is highly likely that long hours of studying can become monotonous (单调的) and cause you to believe that you are learning, when you are only just reading. A short break eases out your stressed mind, brings you back on track
43、, and allows you to start studying with new-found focus levels.Improves Information Retention (保留)Learning continuously reduces the ability to remember information._According to The Primary and Recency Effects, memory improves just before and immediately after you take a break. Therefore, study sess
44、ions of a shorter time span prove more beneficial.A. What urged them to do so?B. How productive is this practice?C. The best solution is to take a short break every 30 to 60 minutes.D. Many people want to find out why taking breaks while studying is essential.E. To be able to achieve this, it is abs
45、olutely necessary to continuously stay focused.F. Taking breaks while studying contributes to better learning in a number of ways.G. A clear head and refreshed mind can speed up and enhance the process of learning.答案以及解析1.答案：1. C2. E3. D4. A5. G解析： 1.上文提示“一些坏习惯似乎在我们没有意识到的情况下依然存在。”再根据下文提示“你可以克服它们,找到更
46、好的选择,并通过你的奋斗来成为一个更好的你!”承接上下文,C项Make the choice today that you wont be ruled by them.(今天就做出选择吧,你将不会被他们所统治。)切题。故选C。2.上文提示“人们很容易陷入固定的生活方式中。”再根据下文提示“在选择成长的过程中,你塑造性格,培养自己的长处,意识到需要改进的地方,并成为你成功的全面发展的人。”承接上下文,E项However, with re-evaluation and growth comes a beautiful freedom.(然而,重新评价和成长带来了美丽的自由。)切题。该项中的grow
47、th与下文的grow相吻合。故选E。3.上文提示“你在哪里需要平衡?你们都在工作,不玩耍吗?还是相反?”下文提示“如果你花太多的时间在工作或独自呆着,那就找时间进行社交互动和娱乐。”承接上下文,D项Neither extreme will lead you to a pleasant life for very long.(这两种极端都不会让你在很长一段时间里过着愉快的生活。)切题。该项中的this指的就是上文所提示的内容。故选D。4.此处是一个小标题,根据上下标题可知答案在A/B中选择。本段内容提示“这对人类的生存至关重要。我们需要家庭成员和朋友建立的爱的纽带。”由此推知,A项Choose
48、to spend time with those you love(选择花时间和你爱的人在一起)。Love是关键词,故选A。5.上文提示“无论付出什么代价,都要选择去追求那些激情。这可能意味着你要清空你的日程表,或者做一些你从未做过的事情。”承接上文,G项However, the reward from success and personal accomplishment will be worth it.(然而,成功和个人成就的回报是值得的。)切题。该项中的the reward和be worth与上文中的whatever cost构成一种转折关系,故答案为G。2.答案：1. E2. C3.
49、 F4. A5. G解析： 1.前一句提到:科学家们正在致力于治疗抑郁症的一种方法:营养。下一句提到了印度精神病学杂志的报告。该空位于中间,选项中和前后句都有联系的只有E选项:在研究饮食和抑郁症之间的联系方面,印度也许是世界上领先的国家。故选E。2.前一句提到:印度精神病学杂志报道,在抑郁症发生之前和期间,有这种情况的人将显示出一个“食欲减退”后一句提到:许多抑郁症的病例,如果不是大多数的话,都会影响那些没有适当饮食的人。选项中只有C选项提到不当饮食:不吃饭本身就会造成抑郁情绪。3.前一句提到:有20种不同的氨基酸。该空承接上文,应该提到和氨基酸有关的话题,故F选项切题:其中许多(氨基酸)是由
50、人体制造的,但另外九种,即“必需的”氨基酸,必须在饮食中食用。4.上文提到:人类大脑和神经系统都使用氨基酸作为一种物质,从一个脑细胞向另一个脑细胞或从一个神经细胞向另一个神经细胞发出信号,从而在细胞之间传递信息。最后的结果是什么?那么该句应该回答这个问题,提到最后的结果。故A选项正确:最终的效果是我们的思考方式。5.上文提到:由于氨基酸构成了蛋白质,缺乏蛋白质的饮食会导致脑细胞间的交流减弱。这减少了思考过程中从一个脑细胞发送到另一个脑细胞的信号。G选项正确:这一过程可能导致信号扭曲,这不仅可能导致抑郁,而且,根据许多科学家的说法,攻击性。这就是为什么抑郁常常表现为愤怒或侵略。3.答案：1. D
51、2. E3. B4. A5. G解析： 1.D【解析】根据语境可知,没有雷达,飞机不能在坏天气中安全着陆,轮船不能在浓雾中安全航行,因此它对于船运公司和旅行者来说特别重要,故选D。2.E【解析】根据空前一句可知,科学家直到20世纪30年代才在雷达技术上有了重大进展,再根据后句自那之后雷达被广泛用于几乎所有冲突中,故E项在二战中许多国家有效地使用了雷达符合语境,故选E。3.B【解析】根据空前一句可知,在屏幕上观察者会看到一束光,这表明了物体的方向和距离。故空处应该是对测量结果的评价,说明测量的结果是高度准确的。故选B。4.A【解析】此段主要介绍了雷达在不同领域的应用。空处前后都是举例,所以A项举
52、警察驾驶装备有雷达的汽车追踪违章超速者的例子符合语境,故选A。5.G【解析】本空是本段的主旨句。根据下文内容可知,本段主要讲了雷达也可用于国防领域。故选G。4.答案：1.客观填空 F2.客观填空 C3.客观填空 G4.客观填空 D5.客观填空 A解析： 【文章大意】本文主要是介绍十七年蝉这个非常特别的物种。每17年,数十亿只吵闹的十七年蝉就会蜂拥到美国东北部,包括纽约、俄亥俄和宾夕法尼亚州。1.【答案】F【解析】考查语意逻辑关系。根据后一句中But可知,空格处与后一句意思是转折关系,而后一句中的一些关键词go above ground.(回到地面上)正好对应F项中的关键词live underg
53、round(生活在地底下),形成转折关系,故选F。2.【答案】C【解析】考查语意逻辑关系。根据后一句But there are usually a lot less of them compared to the Brood V cicadas. (但与孵卵的蝉相比,它们的数量通常要少得多。)可知,前面空格里会提到其他的物种来跟十七年蝉进行对比,而C项中正好有13年蝉,故选C。3.【答案】G【解析】考查语意逻辑关系。本段讲述十七年蝉与众不同之处。故G项“这就是使十七年蝉如此特殊的原因”概括本段内容。4.【答案】D【解析】考查语意逻辑关系。根据前面几句的描述可知,母蝉会在树上产卵,几周之后,蝉爸
54、爸和蝉妈妈会死去,因此后面就会接上蝉宝宝,D项中说的蝉宝宝就会回到地下生活17年,17年的轮回就周而复始,故选D。5.【答案】A【解析】考查语意逻辑关系。根据前一句中提到的关键词a lot of noise (很多噪音)可知,A项中是对这种吵闹声的一个解释,是公蝉来吸引母蝉的,故选A。5.答案：1. D2. C3. B4. E5. G解析： 1.【答案】D【解析】根据下文中的People in every country prefer it when tourists make an effort to speak the local language, even if all you can
55、 say in it is “hello” and “please”,可知应选D项,Your trip与tourists相呼应。2.【答案】C【解析】根据段落开头的Speaking a new language helps you to get to know another people and culture可知,学习另一种语言能够开阔眼界。3.【答案】B【解析】根据上文中的It is extremely difficult for a translation to be a perfect replica of the original可知,最好的方法是阅读作者的原著。4.【答案】E【解
56、析】根据下文中的Schools and employers tend to prefer candidates who speak one or more foreign languages可知,讲多种语言能够增加市场机会。5.【答案】G【解析】上文谈到许多语言对英语的发展的作用,据此可知,通过学习那些语言能够知道词汇和语法结构的起源。6.答案：F; G; D; A; E解析：颜色的关系紧密。我们对某种颜色和人的偏爱是与生俱来的.不同的颜色对我们的影响是不同的。暖色调让人更快乐,更积极,工作效率更高。冷色调让人悲观、压抑。全文介绍颜色和性格的关系。F项与上文中的”Do you like yel
57、low?相呼应,且与下文中的quiet, shy,and you would rather follow than lead形成对比。根据空后的” as soon as you opened your eyes,or at least as soon as you could see clearlyn 可知,我们对某种颜色的喜爱是与生俱来的。故G项符合语境。根据空后的叙述可知,颜色影响人的心情。D项总领下文,是下文的主题句。上文说暖色调让人快乐和放松,下文用事例说明了黑色给人带来的不利影响,故此处选A(另一方面,黑色令人沮丧),此句起承上启下的作用。根据下文可知,暖色调的机器比冷色调的机器使工
58、人工作更好,事故更少。E项呼应下文。7.答案：1. B2. F3. G4. E5. C解析： 1.B.推理判断题.句意:这种做法生产效率如何?根据上文Ambitious students work hard to excel and stay on the top by putting in countless hours of studies, which include frequent late nights, endless cramming and revision sessions.可知,有抱负的学生努力工作,以取得优异的成绩,并通过投入无数的学习时间来保持自己的头号,其中包括频繁
59、的深夜学习,无休止的填塞和复习课程.故选B.2.F.推理判断题.句意:在学习中休息可以通过多种方式促进学习.根据上文Studies show that a student who studies for an hour and takes a ten-minute break at the end of the session remembers more of what is learned throughout the session, than a student who continues studying without taking a break. 可知,研究表明,一个学习一个小
60、时,并在课程结束时休息十分钟的学生比在不休息的情况下继续学习的学生记忆更多的内容.故选F.3.G.推理判断题.句意:清醒的头脑和清爽的头脑可以加快并增强学习过程.根据下文Studying for long hours at a stretch creates an information overload, and brings about restlessness and tiredness.可知,长时间的学习会造成信息过载,并带来躁动和疲劳.故选G.4.E.推理判断题.句意:为了实现这一目标,绝对有必要保持专注.根据上文The purpose of a study session is t
61、o study as much as possible and remember most of what has been learned in it.可知,学习课程的目的是要尽可能多地学习并记住大部分已学到的东西.故选E.5.C.推理判断题.句意:最好的解决方案是每30至60分钟短暂休息一下.根据下文According to The Primary and Recency Effects, memory improves just before and immediately after you take a break.可知,根据主要和新近效应,在休息之前和休息之后,记忆力都会得到改善.故选C.
