1、2021高考英语一轮复习语法考点动词时态和语态专练（一）一、基础达标测试（本题共20小题，每题1分，共20分）1.The family_ (be) very early risers in the past.【答案】were【解析】句意：在过去，这家人都是非常早起的人。此处表示这个家庭中的每个成员，因此谓语动词应该使用复数形式。根据时间状语in the past可知句子的时态是一般过去时。故填were.2.It is the first time that my son _ (meet) Zhong Nanshan, the renowned Chinese hero face to face
2、.【答案】has met【解析】考查固定句型及现在完成时和主谓一致。it is the first time that+现在完成时，是第一次.，固定句型，从句中主语my son是第三人称单数，助动词用has.故填has met.3.The girl _(shake) her head happily, and the pot of milk on her head immediately fell onto the ground.【答案】shook【解析】考查时态。句意：小女孩高兴地摇了摇头，她头上的牛奶罐立刻掉在了地上。根据fell可知，本句用一般过去时，此处的意思是“女孩高兴地摇晃着头”；
3、shake的过去式是shook.故填shook.4.In the last few years, China _ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.【答案】has made【解析】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：在过去几年间，中国已在环境保护方面取得巨大成就。根据该句的时间标志词in the last few years可知谓语用现在完成时，且主语China为单数。故填has made.5.A large percentage of the population in our country _ (be) farmers
4、.【答案】are【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。“a large (small) percentage of名词结构”用作主语时，其谓语的数原则上与该结构中名词的数保持一致，由空后 farmers可知，此处population指的是我们国家大部分的人，所以空处be动词需用复数，因为陈述一个事实，所以be动词需用are.故填are.6.The father as well as his kids _ (discuss) where to spend the weekend now.【答案】is discussing【解析】句意：这位父亲和他的孩子们正在讨论周末在哪里度过。根据时间状语now可知，此处
5、表示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时；as well as遵循的是就远原则，所以谓语动词的形式由单数名词The father来决定，因此谓语动词用相应的单数形式，故填is discussing.7.As time _(go) by, she became more and more anxious about her sons safety.【答案】went【解析】考查动词时态。分析句子结构，as引导的时间状语从句缺少谓语动词，根据主句动词became可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时。故填went.8.It is the third time that he_( visit) our
6、beautiful city Wuxi.【答案】has visited【解析】考查固定句式和现在完成时。在固定结构“It be the+序数词+time that.”中，be使用现在时时，从句使用现在完成时；be是过去式时，从句使用过去完成时，本句使用的是is，时态要使用现在完成时，主语是he，谓语用单数形式，故填has visited.9.It was quite a long time before he _ (spot) his old teacher in the crowd.【答案】spotted【解析】考查时态。句意：过了很长一段时间他才在人群中认出他的老教师。由前半句be动词wa
7、s可知，空处谓语动词表示发生在过去的动作，所以需用一般过去时。故填spotted.10.He _(admit) that it was really his fault.【答案】admitted【解析】考查时态。根据从句中的was可知，本句是一般过去时，admit的过去式是admitted。故填admitted.11.Many a way _ (use) to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.【答案】has been used【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：许多方法已经被用来防止污染，但天空仍然不明朗。此处用现在
8、完成时，表示过去发生的事对现在的影响。use与主语way是动宾关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。主语是Many a way，谓语用三单形式，故填has been used.12.They are novels, plays and poems that _ (write) a long time ago and were so well written that people still read them nowadays.【答案】were written【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：很久以前写的小说、戏剧和诗歌，它们写得很好，现在人们仍然在读它们。that作主语，引导定语从句，谓语
9、动词和先行词一致，先行词novels, plays and poems和write是动宾关系，根据a long time ago可知，这里用一般过去时的被动语态，先行词是复数，谓语动词用复数，故填were written.13.I have been informed that the exhibition _ (hold) next week.【答案】will be held【解析】考查语态。句意：我已得知展览会将于下周举行。由时间状语next week可知，空处谓语动词需用一般将来时态，结合句意“展览将于下周举办”可知，空处谓语动词需用一般将来时态的被动语态：will be done.故填
10、will be held.14.Many a student _ (send) to plant trees so far.【答案】has been sent【解析】考查谓语时态语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语so far可知，句子时态为现在完成时have/has done；many a许多，修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；根据句意可知，学生是被派出去，用被动语态。故填has been sent.15.If you are caught smoking in this area, you _ (fine) by the police.【答案】will be fined【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语
11、态。句意：如果你在这个地区吸烟被发现，你将被警察罚款。根据主将从现原则，本句应用一般将来时，主语you和动词fine之间是动宾关系，所以本空应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be fined.16.What will you do if you _ (bite) by mosquitoes at this very moment?【答案】are being bitten【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：如果你现在被蚊子叮咬，你会怎么做？根据时间状语可知，本句应用进行时，根据主将从现原则，本句应用现在进行时，主语是you，和bite之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。
12、主语是you，谓语用are，故填are being bitten.17.In 1997, the teaching building _ (name) after a national hero.【答案】was named【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In 1997可知，此处为一般过去时；主语the teaching building和name为被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，其基本形式是：was/were+done.主语是单数名词，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填was named.18.He _ (attack) by a dog when he was walk
13、ing along the street.【答案】was attacked【解析】考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：他在街上走的时候被一只狗袭击了。根据when he was walking along the street可知，此处应用一般过去时；主语He与动词attack之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；主语He是第三人称单数，系动词用was.故填was attacked.19.All those old buildings _ (knock) down tomorrow.【答案】will be knocked【解析】考查时态及语态。句意：所有那些旧建筑物明天都要拆除。
14、句中主语buildings与动词短语knock down之间是动宾关系，用被动语态。由句中时间状语“tomorrow”可知，时态是一般将来时。一般将来时的被动语态由“will+be+动词过去分词”构成。故填will be knocked.20.The castle _(found) on the solid rock.【答案】was founded【解析】考查动词时态语态。结合语境“这座城堡建在坚固的岩石上。”可知，城堡建立过了，是发生在过去的事情，需用一般过去时，the castle和found之间为被动关系，主语为单数名词，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填was founded.二、真题
15、实战演练（本题共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分）1.(2020高考全国卷) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.【答案】have reported【解析】考查谓语动词时态。句意：近年来，一些因努伊特人报告在人类住区周围的熊出没增加。尤其时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported.2.(2020高考全国卷)Of the nineteen recognized po
16、lar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are【解析】考查考查主谓一致和时态。 句意：在十九个公认的北极熊亚群中，有三个正在下降，六个稳定，一个在增加，九个缺乏足够的数据。根据three are declining和one is increasing可知，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，而且时态为一般现在时，故填are.3.(2020高考
17、全国卷II ) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _(make) over the years.【答案】have made【解析】考查谓语动词时态。句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。根据从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，故填have made.4.(2020高考浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _ (have) to worry about fashion
18、(时尚).【答案】will have/has【解析】考查谓语动词时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，叙述的是客观事实，可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has.5.(2019高考全国卷I ) Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.【答案】has grown【解析】考查谓语动词时态和主谓一致。句意:自2011年以来,中国种植玉米的数量超过了水稻。根据句中时间状语Since
19、2011可知,此处使用现在完成时,且主语为单数,故填has grown.(2019高考全国卷II ) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers. 【答案】started【解析】考查谓语动词时态。句意:中国农业部发现在2005年和2011年之间,化肥的使用减少了770万吨。2005年政府启动了土壤检测项目
20、,它向农民推荐特定的化肥。关系副词when=in 2005,由此可知此处使用一般过去时。故填started.7.(2017高考全国卷II ) Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.【答案】were used 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：蒸汽机被用来拉动车厢，这对乘客来说一定是相当不愉快的，所有的烟雾和噪音。主语Steam engines和use之间为被动关
21、系,且由上文语境和下文的must have been可知叙述的是过去发生的事,故需用一般过去时的被动语态;又因主语是名词的复数形式,故be动词需用were，故填were used.8.(2017高考全国卷III ) Sarah (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 【答案】has been told/was told【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:Sarah被告知她可以成为英国的一名新超模,第二年就可以有一百万美元的收入。根据语境可知Sarah与t
22、ell之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。此处既可以用一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作,也可以用现在完成时态,表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响。故填has been told/was told.9.(2016高考全国卷III )Truly elegant chopsticks might (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.【答案】be made 【解析】考查固定词语搭配。be made of“由制成”，句意：精美的筷子可能非由金银制成的筷子莫属，故填be made.10.(2016高考上海卷) In recent years, stress
23、_(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness【答案】has been regarded 【解析考查时态语态。本句的时间状语是in recent years最近几年以来，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式has been regarded.三、动词时态和语态专项综合训练（本题共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分）The first zoo_1_(establi
24、sh) around 3,500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her personal enjoyment. Five hundred years later，a Chinese emperor 2_ (build) a huge zoo to show his power and wealth. Later zoos were set up for the purpose of studying animals.Some of the early European zoos 3._(consist) of dark holes or dirty ca
25、ges，the bad conditions of which made people disgusted.Later the zoos 4. (replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 5 _ (keep)in good condition.These places became the first modern zoos.As early as the 1940s, scientists 6. _(understand) that many kinds of wild animals faced exti
26、nction.Since then，zoos 7._(try) to save many endangered species，but relying on zoos 8._(save) species is not enough.The best method of protection is to leave them in their natural habitat.Today animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9._(watch) carefully for any sign of dis
27、ease.With specially trained keepers looking after them and some hospitals where they can receive treatment when ill，all the animals there live a comfortable life. Anyway，it is true that zoo breeding programs have played an important role in 10._(protect) many species of wildlife.1. 【答案】was establish
28、ed【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意：大约3500年前，埃及女王为她的个人享受而建立了第一个动物园。时间状语around 3,500 years ago表明谓语发生在过去，用过去时态，主语the first zoo和谓语动词establish是被动关系，故填was established.2. 【答案】built【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态。句意：五百年后，一个中国皇帝建造了一个巨大的动物园来展示他的力量和财富。句中时间状语Five hundred years later是过去时态的时间状语，谓语需要用过去式，故填built.3. 【答案】consisted【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态
29、。句意： 一些早期的欧洲动物园由暗洞或肮脏的笼子组成，恶劣的条件使人们厌恶。本句话的语境是过去，谓语动词用过去式。故填consisted.4.【答案】were replaced【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意：后来，动物园被研究中心取代，那里的动物被研究并保持良好。主语the zoo和谓语动词replace是被动关系，并且是过去时态，故填were replaced.5.【答案】kept【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意：同上。animals there were studied and 5_是并列关系，故填kept.6.【答案】understood【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态。句
30、意：早在20世纪40年代，科学家们就认识到理解许多种类的野生动物面临灭绝。As early as the 1940s是过去时态的时间状语，谓语需要用过去式, 故填understood.7. 【答案】have been trying【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态。句意： 从那以后，动物园一直在努力拯救许多濒危物种。 时间状语Since then“自从那以后”，谓语常用现在完成时，再根据具体语境，表示谓语动词一直在持续进行，谓语需要用现在完成进行时。故填have been trying.8.【答案】to save【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态。句意：从那以后，动物园一直在努力拯救许多濒危物种，但依靠动物园拯救物种是不够的。考查短语 rely on sb to do sth依靠某人做某事，故填to save.9.【答案】are watched【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意：今天，大型和自然保护区的动物被喂食平衡的饮食，并被仔细观察任何疾病的迹象。主语animals和谓语动词watch是被动关系，时间状语today是现在时的时间状语，故填are watched.10.【答案】protecting【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态。句意：无论如何，动物园的繁殖计划确实在保护许多野生动物物种方面发挥了重要作用。空格前是介词in,后面填写动名词形式，故填protecting.
