1、专题限时集训(一)阅读理解 训练1细节理解题()(对应学生用书第135页)A 【导学号：38144021】(2017浙江名校联盟联考二)The word“social”means relating to society or its organization.The special type of science that studies how human beings interact (互动) with each other is called “sociology”Sociologists have looked closely at mankinds desire to be par
2、t of different groups and call this“group behavior”Sociologists believe that group behavior began in mankind a long time ago when man was more primitive.Back then，people did not have big homes made of concrete or brick to protect them from dangerous animals.People slept in caves and were out in the
3、open during the day a lot more.They would look all around for food so that the species could continue living.As time went on，people began to see the benefits of being part of a group.They could find more food and would be able to more effectively battle dangerous animals.Bigger quantities of food an
4、d a better sense of safety helped humans survive and prosper.Group behavior also includes the creation of “ norms” and “values”Norms are examples of what a group normally does over a period of time.Members of a group might all wake up at the same time and begin to carry out their various duties duri
5、ng the day，and repeat those same activities day after day.Values are a summary of what the groups goals might be or a general idea of what is acceptable behavior.Some groups might strongly believe in honesty and dislike thefts.There are actually some negative things that can come along with group be
6、havior.From time to time，if a person is not accepted within a group，he might feel rejected and saddened.Other times，a group might find itself fighting a “common enemy”，another group that is disliked as a whole because it may have different norms or values.Group behavior also makes it more likely tha
7、t all of the members of a group will believe something just because one member says so，even if it is not true or favorable.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，阐述了社会群体行为(group behavior)的形成以及它带来的正面和负面影响。1What is “group behavior”？AMankinds desire to study sociology.BMankinds desire to form friendship with others.CMankinds
8、desire to hunt for food successfully.DMankinds desire to be part of different groups.D考查细节理解。根据第一段的最后一句“Sociologists have looked closely at mankinds desire to be part of different groups and call thisgroup behavior”可知，应选D项。2What caused people to become part of a group a long time ago?APeople wanted
9、to make more friends with others.BPeople wanted to be able to better survive and succeed.CPeople wanted to have big concrete or brick homes.DPeople wanted to kill larger animals for food.B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“As time went on，people began to see the benefits of being part of a group.and a better sense of s
10、afety helped humans survive and prosper”可知，群体生活使人们更好地生存下来，战胜危险动物。故选B项。3Based on the passage，what might the identity of a group be based on? AThe groups values.BThe groups location.CThe groups common enemy.DThe groups size.A考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Values are a summary of what the groups goals might be or a ge
11、neral idea of what is acceptable behavior”可知，群体行为的特征是以价值观为依据的。故选A项。B(2017浙江金丽衢十二校联考一)I read the same novel in paperback and on the iPad.One thing I love about ebooks on the iPad is the intext dictionary lookup feature.This is something the iPad will always have as an advantage over traditional paper
12、backs.I sometimes come across a word I dont know while reading.Its much handier to be able to look up the word on the same screen as the text than to have to grab a dictionary or my iPhone to look it up while I am reading a paperback.However，when it comes to actually reading the book，the iPads advan
13、tages as a medium for reading begin to pale.The iPad is relatively heavy in my hands and the swiping and tapping to turn a page soon become boring.Another big issue I have with the iPad is that I always find myself trying to get away to check an email，explore the web，or look for another book on the
14、iBookstore.Living in London，as most people do，I take the tube，or the subway.Forget about resting your iPad on your lap to read, because your knees get bumped too much from constant flow of people entering and leaving the train.Your only option is to“seize”your iPad in your hands.This is where a huge
15、 drawback of the iPad becomes apparent.When I read a paperback on the subway，not once will I worry about my paperback.A $7 paperback book is a pretty low target for a thief.A $500 iPad，on the other hand，is a prime theft material.The reading experience goes down dramatically when you have to keep an
16、eye on the people walking past you.After finishing my reading of the novel on both mediums the iPad and the paperback I am more convinced than ever that the iPad and its iBookstore will not replace traditional print editions.Unlike MP3s that replaced CDs，the original medium for the novel is still th
17、e superior one in both form and functions.I use iBookstore now to browse for books and use the“Get Sample”feature to explore the first few chapters.If I like what I read，Ill purchase the print edition from Amazon or at my local bookseller.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过自己的经历告诉我们平装书不会被电子书所取代的原因。4Which of the fol
18、lowing is the advantage of reading on the iPad?A. You can refer to a dictionary by iPhone or on the Internet.BBy comparison，the iPad is heavier than a paperback book.CThe builtin dictionary makes looking up words convenient.DAn iPad is so precious that it is a perfect target for thieves.C考查细节理解。根据第二
19、段的“Its much handier to be able to look up the word.reading a paperback”可知，iPad里面内置的字典，可以方便读者查阅生词。5The writer prefers to read a paperback book mainly because it offers Aa replacement of the iPadBbetter experiences and functionsCthe“Get Sample”featureDa greater sense of belongingB考查细节理解。根据最后两段中的“The r
20、eading experience goes down.past you”和“Unlike MP3s that replaced.form and functions”可知，平装书相对于电子书来说有自己的优势，它给读者提供更好的阅读体验和功能。6According to the text，the writer may find iBookstore AtraditionalBannoyingCdisgusting DhelpfulD考查推理判断。根据全文尤其是最后一段中的“I use iBookstore now to browse for books.few chapters”可知，作者用i
21、Bookstore来浏览一些书，故它对阅读体验是很有帮助的。C 【导学号：38144022】Like people，plants experience stress.And also，like people，the response to that stress can determine success.Bad environmental conditions，such as drought，flood，heat and other stresses，affect yields(产量) more than crop pests and diseases.We are trying to fi
22、nd a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain high yields，said Stephen Howell，a professor of genetics and cell biology.Plant cells produce proteins (蛋白质) and ship them to different parts of the cell.Under normal conditions，these proteins are folded into thei
23、r normal，healthy structures as they are produced.When a plant is under stress，its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a builtin system senses this and “sets off an alarm in the cell，” said Howell.In response to the alarm，another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different
24、 process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.“As it turns out，responses that are activated under stress conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants，” said Howell.“This allows them to preserve their energy to su
25、rvive the stress conditions.”For plants in the wild，this response is a help for survival，he said.In production of agriculture crops，however，this response reduces yields.“You dont want crop plants to stop growing，” Howell said.“You want them to continue to grow and produce even though they are under
26、stress.”With the new understanding of this stress response，the next step may be to silence the alarm system，said Howell.“What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses.That may make the plant more productive under stress conditions.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。植物像人一样，也有压力，而它们对压力的反应能决定高产与否。How
27、ell打算通过使植物中的“警报”停止工作来使作物保持高产量。7According to the text，an alarm in the plant cells is caused by Athe folded proteins Bthe changed proteinsCthe defensive measures Dthe stress response genesB考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的“When a plant is under stress，its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a builtin
28、 system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell， said Howell.”可知植物细胞里的警报装置是由蛋白质的变化导致的。8The energy preserved in the plants under stress conditions Ahelps the plants to survive Bhelps to maintain high yieldsCkeeps the plants growing Dhelps to produce proteinsA考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“In response to the al
29、arm，another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.”可知植物中储存的这些能量有助于植物存活。9The underlined word “inhibit” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “ ”ApreventBstartC.
30、continue DpromoteA考查词义猜测。根据文章倒数第二段中的“You dont want crop plants to stop growing”可知处于压力下被激活的这些反应事实上阻止了植物的生长。10How does Howell intend to make crop plants maintain high yields under stress conditions?A. By making crop plants keep more energy. BBy making crop plants stop growing.CBy making the alarm system stop working. DBy making the alarm system respond quickly.C考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“With the new understanding of this stress response，the next step may be to silence the alarm system”中的“silence the alarm system”可知Howell打算通过使警报停止工作来使作物保持高产量。
