1、Section Word power & Grammar and usage (教材P7)North of England is Scotland，where there are many lakes and mountains.苏格兰位于英格兰的北部，有很多湖泊和山脉。【句式分析】North of England is Scotland是一个倒装句，实际上本句的语序为Scotland is on the north of England。当介词on，to，in省略时，冠词一块略去。Switzerland lies(to the)north of Italy.North of Italy li
2、es Switzerland.瑞士在意大利的北边。in，on，to用于方位名词前时，表示两地之间的方位关系。in表示在某范围之内；to表示在某范围之外；on表示“毗邻，接壤”，也可用to代替on。Yunnan Province is/lies in the southwest of China.云南省位于中国的西南部。Japan is/lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东边。Mongolia is/lies on/to the north of China.蒙古位于中国的北边。完成句子我们学校在山的南面。 is our school.墨西哥位于北美的南部。Mex
3、ico is North America.加拿大位于美国之北。Canada lies the United States.新加坡的北邻是马来西亚。 Singapore lies Malaysia.【答案】South of the mountainin the south ofto/on the north of(On the)North of be known for因为而出名(教材P7)The city is well known for its shipbuilding.这个城市因为造船而出名。Hangzhou is known for the West Lake.杭州因为西湖而出名。be
4、 known for/be known as/be known in/be known tobe known for因而出名，表示出名的原因。be known as作为而出名，表示因为“某身份，地位”而出名。be known in在出名，表示出名的“地区或领域”。be known to对于而言是出名的，表示对应的“人群”。He is known for his novels as a writer to the young in his country.他作为一名作家在他的国家里对于年轻人而言因为他的小说而出名。完成句子张艺谋以他拍的电影而出名。Zhang Yimou his film.直到很
5、晚之后，欧洲才知道棉花布料。Cotton material Europe until much later.她的仁慈人人皆知。She all for her kindness.她作为一名优秀的舞蹈演员而出名。She an excellent dancer.【答案】is known forwas not known inwas known towas well known as play an important role in在中起重要作用/扮演重要角色(教材P9)These three festivals play an important role in our school life.这
6、三个节目在我们的学校生活中起着很重要的作用。plan a part inplay a role in在中起作用/扮演角色He played a role in the film.他在这部电影中扮演一个角色。翻译句子森林在保护环境方面起着重要作用。 他在这部电影中扮演一个重要角色。 【答案】The forest plays an important role/part in protecting the environment.He played one of the greatest roles/parts in the movie. (教材P9)They appeal to us stude
7、nts because we can all have fun and benefit a lot from them.这些节日迎合我们学生的喜好，因为我们都能玩得痛快并从中获益很多。(1)appeal to sb.动人心弦；投某人所好；对某人有感染力The film appeals to young people.这部电影投合年轻人的喜好。The magazine is intended to appeal to working women in their 20s and 30s.这本杂志的读者对象是二十几岁到三十几岁的职业女性。appeal to sb.for sth./to do st
8、h.向某人呼吁/恳求appeal to向申诉appeal for恳求，呼吁appeal n.恳求；呼吁；上诉make/launch an appeal发出呼吁This new CD will appeal to all young listeners.这张新专辑将会吸引所有的年轻听众。The United Nations appeal for a ceasefire(停火)has been accepted by both sides.双方接受了联合国关于停火的呼吁。句型转换We appealed to him for help.We to him for help.【答案】made/laun
9、ched an appeal(2)benefit vt.有益于；有助于；受益It is an expensive investment but it will benefit the company in the long run.这是一项花费很大的投资，但从长远来看，它将对公司有好处。He will benefit from the new way of doing business.他将从经营业务的新方法中获益。benefit from/by.从受益，得益于benefit sb.对某人有益benefit n.好处，利益；优势be of (much/great)benefit to sb.b
10、e beneficial to sb.对某人有益处be of no benefit to sb.对某人没有益处for the benefit of.为了的利益I got a lot of benefit from learning a foreign language.从学习外语中我得到许多益处。That experience was of great benefit to me.那个经验对我很有益处。For the benefit of those people who arrived late，Ill go over the plan again.为了那些迟到的人，我将把计划再讲一遍。用b
11、enefit短语的适当形式填空The new regulations will everyone concerned.The warning sign was put there the public.He told me that he daily exercise.【答案】be of benefit to/benefitfor the benefit ofbenefited from定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，whic
12、h，who，whom，whose，as等，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语(whose常作定语)等。关系副词有where，when，why等，在定语从句中分别作地点状语、时间状语和原因状语等。一、关系代词的用法比较1that和which(1)that在定语从句中可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，可以代替who，whom，which，但是在下列情况下一般只能用that(作宾语时可以省略)而不用which引导定语从句来指物。先行词被序数词修饰时The first film(that)I saw cant be remembered.我看过的第一部电影记不起来了。先行词被形容词的最高级修饰
13、时This is the most expensive pen(that)I have ever bought.这是我买过的最贵的一支钢笔。先行词是all，everything，something，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时Ill do everything(that)I can to help you.我将尽我所能地帮助你。先行词被the only，the very修饰时The only thing that matters is to find our way home.唯一重要的事是找到回家的路。先行词既有人也有物时Look at the man and hi
14、s donkey that are walking up the street.请看沿街走上前来的那个人和他的那头驴子。(2)which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。在下列情况下只能用which引导定语从句，而不用that。which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能He had failed in the maths exam，which made his father very angry.他数学考试不及格，这件事让他父亲很生气。 在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that引导This is the factory in which my brother used to w
15、ork.这是我哥哥过去工作的工厂。2as与which引导非限制性定语从句的比较(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，可以放在句首而which则不能。As we expected，he performed the task with success.正如我们所期望的那样，他成功地完成了任务。(2)as可用于类似插入语的句式中，例如：as is known to all，as it is，as is said above等，而which不可以。This elephant is like a snake，as anybody can see.谁都看得出，这头大象像一条蛇。(3)在定语从句中，as除了能充当
16、一定的句子成分外，还具有“正如(像)”“由而知”等意义，而which无此义。He agreed to the plan，as we expected.正如我们所预料的，他同意这个计划。3whose与of whom，of which引导的定语从句whose在定语从句中作定语，可指人(的)也可指物(的)，whose指物(的)时常可用of which代替，whose指人(的)时常可用of whom代替。This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.(This is the scientist the name of whom
17、 is known all over the world.)Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.(Nobody wants the house the roof of which has fallen in.)二、关系副词的用法关系副词可以替代先行词是时间、地点、原因的名词，并在句中作状语。1when指时间，代替时间名词，如：time，hour，morning，day，year等，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to the school.我还记得第一天来校
18、的那天。2where指地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如：place，table，room，spot，house，school等，在定语从句中作地点状语。This is the place where I often park my car.这是我经常停车的地方。3why指原因，其先行词只有表示原因的名词reason，在定语从句中做原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因。【提示】关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词关系代词”引导的从句替换。The reason for which/why he refused the invitation is not clear.他拒绝邀请的原因还不清楚。Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.我出生的地方发生了巨大的变化。I still remember the day on which/when I met my English teacher.我还记得遇到英语老师的那天。
