1、Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero转化attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击n.进攻；攻击；抨击escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开n.逃脱；逃走；泄露reward n报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏派生名词后缀：(i)ty，tion，ance，ence，ereducate vt.教育；训练education n教育guide vt.指引；指导guidance n指导；领导violent adj.暴力的violence n暴力；暴行law n法律lawyer n律师形容词后缀：ful，lesspeace n和平peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的h
2、ope vt.希望hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的由self想到的self n自我；自身selfish adj.自私的selfless adj.无私的；忘我的selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地本文介绍Nelson Mandela的生平及主要事迹。Nelson Mandela was born in Transkei，South Africa on July 18,1918.He was educated at University College of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand and qualified
3、in law in 1942.He joined the African National Congress in 1944.In June 1961，the ANC considered his proposal on the use of violent actions and agreed that those members who wished to involve themselves in Mandelas campaign would not be stopped from doing so by the ANC.Mandela was arrested in 1962 and
4、 sentenced to five years imprisonment with hard labour.In 1963，Mandela was brought to stand trial for plotting (密谋) to overthrow (推翻) the government by violence.On June 12,1964，Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment.From 1964 to 1982，he was incarcerated (监禁) at Robben Island Prison，off Cape Town
5、.During his years in prison，Nelson Mandelas reputation grew steadily.He was widely accepted as the most significant black leader in South Africa.Nelson Mandela was released on February 11,1990.After his release，he plunged himself into his lifes work，trying to achieve the goals he and others had set
6、out almost four decades earlier.In 1991，at the first national conference of the ANC Mandela was elected President of the ANC.词海拾贝1consider v考虑2agree v同意；赞成3reputation n名誉4significant adj.重要的5achieve v实现Warming Up & Reading.重点单词1quality n质量；品质；性质2mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3active adj.积极的；活跃的4generous adj.慷
7、慨的；大方的5self n自我；自身selfish adj.自私的selfless adj.无私的；忘我的selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地6devote vt.献身；专心于devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的7principle n法则；原则；原理8peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peace n和平9legal adj.法律的；依照法律的10stage n舞台；阶段；时期11vote vt.& vi.投票；选举 n投票；选票；表决12attack vt.进攻；抨击；攻击13violence n暴力；暴行14equal adj.相等的；平等的15willing ad
8、j.乐意的；自愿的.核心短语1out_of_work失业2as_a_matter_of_fact事实上3blow_up使充气；爆炸4in_trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5turn_to求助于；致力于.经典句式1However，this_was_a_time_when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。2The_last_thirty_years_have_seen the greatest number of laws stopping our
9、 rights and progress，until today we have reached a_stage_where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。3.we were put into a position in_which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.我们被置于这样一种境地：要么被迫承认我们低人一等，要么与政府作斗争。4.only_
10、then_did_we_decide to answer violence with violence.直到那时我们才决定以暴力反抗暴力。阅读清障when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The time。lawyer /lj/ n律师to whom在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词the black lawyer。guidance /adns/ n指导；领导under the guidance of sbunder ones guidance在某人的指导下legal /lil/ adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal adj.非法的be generous with在方面慷慨大方for which在此引导
11、非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。school /skul/ n(抽象名词)上学where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The school。fee /fi/ n费(会费、学费等)；酬金fare/fe(r)/n.费(车费、船费、飞机票价等)passbook /psbk/ n南非共和国有色人种的身份证Johannesburg /dhnIsb/ n约翰内斯堡(南非城市)when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a time。out of work失业when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The day。how to get为“疑问词动词不定式”结构，在此处作told的宾语。papers /pep(r)z/ n证
12、件hopeful /hpfl/ adj.怀有希望的be hopeful about 对充满希望ANC非国大；非洲人国民大会；非洲民族会议(African National Congress)youth /ju/ n青年；青年时期league /li/ n同盟；联盟；联合会Youth League青年团as soon as I could我尽可能快地see在此处用了拟人化的写作手法，意为“目睹，见证”。stage /sted/ n舞台；阶段；时期where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a stage。vote /vt/ vt.& vi.投票；选举 n投票in which引导的定语从句，修饰The p
13、arts of town。where引导的定语从句，修饰The places outside the towns。position /pzn/ n状况；地位；位置；职位position后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语则用where或in which。attack /tk/ vt.进攻；攻击；抨击which引导的定语从句，修饰a way。allow /la/ v允许；准许allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事violence /valns/ n暴力；暴行as a matter of fact事实上blow up使充气；爆炸put sb in prison将某人关进监狱同义短语：
14、send sb to prison；throw sb into prisonbecause引导的原因状语从句，其中含有if引导的条件状语从句。achieve /tiv/ vt.达到；完成equal /ikwl/ adj.相等的；平等的,原文呈现ELIAS STORYMy name is Elias.I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.I was twelve years old.It was
15、 in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.He was generous with his time，for which I was grateful.I needed his help because I had very little education.I began school at six.The school where I studied for only
16、two years was three kilometres away.I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.I could not read or write well.After trying hard，I got a job in a gold mine.However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Sadly I did
17、not have one because I was not born there，and I worried about whether I would become out of work.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg.I became more hopeful about my future.I never forgot how kind Mandela
18、 was.When he organized the ANC Youth League，I joined it as soon as I could.He said：“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”It was the truth.Black people could not vote or
19、choose their leaders.They could not get the jobs they wanted.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.No one could grow food there.In fact as Nelson Mandela said：“.we were
20、 put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.We chose to attack the laws.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful；when this was not allowed.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.”As a matter of fact，I do not like vi
21、olence.but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.课文译文伊莱亚斯的故事我叫伊莱亚斯，是南非的一个穷苦黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉的时候，是我一生
22、中非常艰难的时期。(当时)我才12岁。那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求建议的那位黑人律师。他在法律问题上给贫苦的黑人提供指导。他不吝惜时间，我对此非常感激。我需要他的帮助，因为我只受过很少的教育。我六岁开始上学，我仅仅学习了两年的那所学校有三公里远。我不得不辍学，因为我家无法继续支付学费和车费。我既读不好也写不好。几经周折，我才在一家金矿上找到一份工作。然而，那时必须有身份证才能住在约翰内斯堡。遗憾的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的。我很担心自己是否会失业。纳尔逊曼德拉帮助我的那天是我最高兴的日子之一。他告诉我要在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对未来更加充满了希望。我永远忘
23、不了曼德拉是多么和善。当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”这是事实。黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择自己的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们在城里不得不居住的地方是由白人决定的。他们被打发去城外居住的地方是南非最贫穷的地区。没有人能在那儿种庄稼。事实上，正如纳尔逊曼德拉所说的：“我们被置于(这样)一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等(的现实)，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择抨击法律。首先我们用和平的方式来打破法律，当这种方式得不到允许时只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反
24、抗暴力。”事实上，我并不喜欢暴力但是在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的事情，因为如果被抓住了，我可能要坐牢。但我乐于帮忙，因为我知道这将帮助我们实现使黑人和白人平等的梦想。.Fill in the blanks according to the text.Paras.12：The life of Elias before he met 1.Nelson_Mandela.Paras.35：2.The_change_of_Elias_life after he met Nelson Mandela and what Mandela did.Read the text caref
25、ully and fill in the blanks.Black peoples 1.problemsThey couldnt get the jobs they wanted.They had to live in the 2.poorest part of South Africa.续表Elias lifeBefore meeting MandelaA poor 3.black worker in South Africa.He didnt have a 4.passbook to live in Johannesburg，so he would probably become 5.ou
26、t_of_work.After meeting MandelaMandela told him 6.how_to get the correct papers so that he could 7.stay in Johannesburg.He 8.joined the ANC Youth League.He helped Mandela 9.blow_up some government 10.buildings.1And what qualities does a great person have？(教材P33)一个伟人有什么样的品质？quality n质量；品质；性质；特点One qu
27、ality of wood is that it can burn.木材的一项特质就是能燃烧。归纳拓展of good/high/poor quality质量好的/高的/差的in quality在质量方面Wine of high quality costs more than that of poor quality.优质酒比劣质酒花费多。The kitchen oil used in that restaurant was poor in_quality.那家餐馆所用的食用油的质量很差。名师点津quality意为“性质，特性；品德，品性”时是可数名词，意为“质量；品质”时既可以作可数名词，也可
28、以作不可数名词。2.generous adj.慷慨的；大方的(教材P33)The lawyer was a warm，generous and kindhearted man.这个律师是个热情、大方、善良的人。归纳拓展be generous to sb对某人慷慨/大方be generous with sth在某方面慷慨/大方It is generous of sb to do sth某人做某事真是宽宏大量/真大方generosity n慷慨，大方One should be generous with his time in assisting others.一个人应不惜时间慷慨帮助他人。The
29、 old gentleman is quite generous to the poor.那位老绅士对穷人非常大方。It was very generous of you to_forgive (forgive) her.你能原谅她实在是非常宽宏大量。3A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.(教材P33)伟人是把自己的一生致力于帮助别人的人。devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于归纳拓展(1)devote ones life/energy/time.to (doing) sth把某人的生
30、命/精力/时间用在/献给(做)某事上devote oneself to献身于；致力于(2)devoted adj.深爱的；忠实的；投入的；全心全意的be devoted to献身于；专心于(3)devotion n奉献；忠诚；专心She devoted herself to her career and never married all her life.她全力倾注于自己的事业，一生都没有结婚。He was devoted to creating (create) a peaceful world.他致力于创造一个和平的世界。Mothers devotion to children can
31、hardly be calculated.母亲对孩子的关爱无法估量。4Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there，and I worried about whether I would become out_of_work.(教材P34)糟糕的是我没有身份证，因为我不是在那里出生的，因而我担心是否会失业。out of work失业He was out of work when the factory closed.他在工厂倒闭后失业了。归纳拓展out of a job失业out of breath上气不接下气out of orde
32、r出故障out of control失控out of danger脱离危险By the time I got to the top of the hill，I was quite out_of_breath.等我爬到山顶的时候，已经是上气不接下气了。I cant use my computer，it was out_of_order yesterday.我没有办法使用我的电脑，它昨天就出故障了。5The_last_thirty_years_have_seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until t
33、oday we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.(教材P34)过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步。一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。(1)此处see意为“见证，目睹”，主语为物、时间或地点。这是一种拟人手法，能使语言变得生动。find，witness也有此用法。Mornings saw the students reading on the playground.早上学生们在操场上读书。(2)see，find，witness，observe等动词，可以用时间或地点名词
34、作主语，表示某时或某地“经历，发生，见证或目睹”了某事。这种无生命的名词作主语的句式，能达到使句子更生动的修辞效果。The dusk found (find) a little girl crying in the street.黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。The year 1949 witnessed (witness) the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.1949年中华人民共和国成立了。6Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.(教材P34)黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他
35、们的领导人。vote vt.& vi.投票；选举 n投票；选票；表决The votes are still being counted.选票仍在统计中。归纳拓展vote for/against投票赞成/反对vote on.就投票表决vote to do.投票做Whether you vote for or against the proposal doesnt seem to matter very much.无论你对这项提议投赞成票还是反对票，好像都不是很重要。If we cannot agree，lets vote on it.如果我们意见不一致就投票表决吧。The members vot
36、ed to_stop (stop) smoking from the concert.成员们投票决定禁止在音乐会上吸烟。7We chose to attack the laws.(教材P34)我们选择对抗法律。attack vt.& n进攻；攻击；抨击归纳拓展attack sb with sth用某物攻击某人make an attack on/against.攻击，袭击，抨击under attack遭到攻击air attack空袭a heart attack心脏病突发The police are making a major attack on drug dealers.警方正对毒品贩子发动大
37、规模的攻击。The army came under_attack from all sides.军队受到四面八方的攻击。The man attacked him with a knife.那个男人持刀向他行凶。8.only_then_did_we_decide to answer violence with violence.(教材P34)直到那时我们才决定以暴力反抗暴力。(1)句中only then置于句首，句子用的是部分倒装结构。该句的自然语序为“.we decided to answer violence with violence only then.”。当“only状语/状语从句”位
38、于句首时，句子要部分倒装(即把原句中的情态动词、be动词或助动词提到主语前面)。Only then did he realize that he was wrong.到那时他才意识到他错了。Only in this way are_you able to do it well.你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。(2)only所修饰的状语可以是副词、介词短语，也可以是状语从句，如果only修饰的是状语从句，要记住主句倒装，从句不倒装。Only when a child grows up can_he understand his parents intentions.只有当孩子长大了，他才会明白父母
39、的用意。名师点津only修饰主语时，不用倒装结构。Only you understand me.只有你理解我。9As a matter of fact，I do not like violence.but in 1963 I helped him blow_up some government buildings.(教材P34)事实上，我并不喜欢暴力但是在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。blow up使充气；爆炸This tyre is a bit flat；it needs blowing up.这个轮胎气不太足，需要充气。归纳拓展blow away吹走blow down刮倒blow
40、 out(使火)熄灭；(轮胎)爆裂The wind is strong enough to blow down trees.这风大到能把树刮倒。The match blew out in the wind.火柴被风吹灭了。10But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.(教材P34)但我乐于帮忙，因为我知道这将帮助我们实现使黑人与白人平等的梦想。equal adj.相等的；平等的 vt.比得上；等于 n平等的人归纳
41、拓展(1)be equal to胜任；相等(to为介词)equal sb in sth在某方面与某人匹敌be without equal/have no equal无与伦比；无敌(2)equally adv.平等地；同样地equality n平等；相等It is evident that he is not equal to the job.显然，他不能胜任这份工作。Nobody can equal him in strength.没有人能比得上他的力气。His paintings are without_equal in the western world.他的画在西方世界无与伦比。11El
42、ias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in_trouble.(教材P35)伊莱亚斯在他有麻烦的时候去找纳尔逊曼德拉。in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中归纳拓展have trouble (in) doing sth/with sth做某事有困难look for trouble自找麻烦get into trouble陷入困境take the trouble to do sth不辞劳苦地做某事We have trouble (in) getting (get) staff.我们在招聘雇员方面有困难。My brother was al
43、ways getting me into trouble with my parents.我弟弟经常连累我遭父母的责难。Drunken youths hang around outside looking for trouble.喝醉的年轻人在街头游荡滋事。12Why did Nelson Mandela turn_to violence to make black and white people equal？(教材P35)为什么纳尔逊曼德拉会使用暴力来使黑人和白人平等？turn to求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)查阅；转向Ten years later，she turned to the
44、 study of medicine. 十年后，她转向学习医学。You can turn_to the police for help，no matter what kind of trouble you are in.无论遇到什么困难，你都可以求助于警察。归纳拓展turn down关小，拒绝turn in上交turn on打开(水、煤气、电灯等)turn off关上(水、煤气、电灯等)turn out结果是，证明是，生产出turn up开大，出现He asked her to marry him，but she turned him down.他请求她嫁给他，但是她回绝了。It turned out that she was a friend of my sister.她原来是我姐姐的朋友。
