1、新知识预习探索找出下面句子里的同位语成分1The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging._2Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill._3On the one hand,the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone,Dolly the sheep._that she seemed to develop norm
2、allythat Dolly had become seriously illDolly the sheep4However,the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists._5The fact that Dolly died when she was quite young disappointed people the world over._6Besides that,there is also a fierce debate over the question whether
3、 human cloning experiments should be allowed._7Scientists believe human cloning is just a matter of time but the assumption that human clones have already been born hasnt been proved yet._that she later developed a serious lung diseasethat Dolly died when she was quite youngwhether human cloning exp
4、eriments should be allowedthat human clones have already been born新语法精讲突破复习同位语一、同位语(the Appositive)(一)定义：同位语是句子成分的一种。它位于名词、代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况，它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。(二)同位语的表现形式：1名词、代词、数词等在句中作同位语。The flood,the worst in a decade,has claimed the lives of 701 people.十年来最强的这次洪水已经夺去了701条生命。I myself will do the
5、 experiment.我将亲自做这项实验。She is the oldest among them six.她是他们6人中年纪最大的。2从句在句中作同位语He told me the news that the plane had exploded.他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。3由such as,that is,of,or等引导的同位语。Some subjects,such as maths and physics,are very difficult to learn.某些学科，例如数学和物理，是很难学的。The city of Beijing has been greatly changed
6、 since 2000.自从2000年以来，北京市发生了很大的变化。二、同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。三、同位语从句的引导词选择原则that只起连词作用，无任何含义，一般不省略whether是否when什么时候where什么地点how什么方式The hope that he may recover i
7、s not gone yet.他不是没有恢复的希望。The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.我们是否继续做这个实验的问题已经被解决。四、同位语从句的几种特殊情况1当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.故事是这样的：威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。2表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词order,demand,suggestion等后接同位语从句时，
8、从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，should可省略。The suggestion that everyone(should)make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary.每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。归纳拓展同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句功能不同对名词加以补充说明与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，起连接作用that不作成分；起连接作用，不可省略作主语或宾语，起连接作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略whether/how不作成分；起连接作用“是否”；“如何”不引导定语从句wh-words作成分；起连接作用；
9、有自己的含义，但与先行词之间无关作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位语从句，that不可省略)The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可省略)新写作技法点拨如何写辩论报告本单元的写作任务是写辩论报告，这类文章要求用一定的理由说明自己对事物或问题的见解、看法，属于议论文的范畴。1篇章特点议论文是一
10、种以议论为主要表达方式的文体。就是摆事实、讲道理，并要求通过多方面的分析，把道理说通、说透。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是：观点正确，认真概括，有实际意义，恰当地综合运用各种表达方式；论据的基本要求是：真实可靠，充分典型；论证的基本要求是：推理必须符合逻辑。2注意事项写作时应注意：第一，要提出正确鲜明的论点。一般来说，要把论点写在篇首或段首，这样能起到纲举目张的效果，让读者读起来更容易把握文章思路。第二，要重视论据这一关的阐述。论据就是用来证明论点的事实和道理。要有足够的论据，可以列举生活的实例来证明论点。第三，论证是议论文中必不可少的部分。一段完整的议论，只有通过论证证
11、明论据和论点之间的内在逻辑关系，才能将论据和论点融为一体，也才能构成一篇完整的、有说服力的文章。3写作形式此类作文一般有两种写法。1)文章分三部分进行论述：第一部分：提出论点第二部分：给出论据第三部分：得出结论2)文章分四部分进行论述第一部分：说明辩论的主题、参与者等第二部分：列举正方的观点及其理由第三部分：列举反方的观点及其理由第四部分：阐明自己的观点4常见的写作用语总结：There are different opinions among people as to.We had a heated discussion about.Different people hold differen
12、t opinions.Opinions are divided.People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards.People have different opinions on this problem.People take different views on this question.表达不同观点：.of them hold the opinion that.of them are in favour of the idea that.People who are for/against the idea think.Som
13、e people believe that.Others argue that.不同观点之间的衔接用语：However，.of them hold a different view./.of them hold the opposite opinion.People who are against it dont think so.However,each coin has two sides.Different from those.,.people think.On the other hand,.people object that.and,as well as,also.besides
14、,in addition,moreover,whats more.unlike,on the contrary,on the other hand.新思维随堂自测.用适当的连接词填空1Air,or _ is called atmosphere,surrounds the whole earth.2I have no idea _ hell come or not.3The question _ should do the work requires consideration.4My pen-friend,Peter,wrote to me,expressing the hope _ he w
15、ould go to see the 2016 Olympic Games.5There is a common belief among them _ rubbish can and should be put into good use.whatwhetherwhothatthat.将下列每组句子合并成一个带同位语从句的复合句1Will the sports meeting be held on time?The question will be discussed tomorrow._2The headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday.W
16、e are glad at the news._3Where are we going for the holiday?Have you thought about the question?_The question whether the sports meeting will be held on time will be discussed tomorrow.We are glad at the news that the headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday.Have you thought about the question
17、where we are going for the holiday?4A new teacher will teach us English next term.The message reached me yesterday._5How did the accident come about?The driver refused to answer the policemans question._The message that a new teacher will teach us English next term reached me yesterday.The driver re
18、fused to answer the policemans question how the accident came about.书面表达请根据下面的提示写一篇短文。人们对于是否该用动物进行实验持有不同意见。请你就此用英语写一篇辩论性的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。赞成的理由 用动物做实验是科学、医药等领域不可或缺的一个步骤反对的理由对动物来说太残忍你的看法注意：词数120个左右。_范文：Nowadays animal testing is widely used;however,it is still an open question whether it is fair
19、 or not to animals.Some people are in favour of animal testing.They think it is vital for modern science and medicine.Scientific progress is impossible without animal testing.We will not have a lot of new drugs if animal testing is forbidden.Others are against animal testing.When animals die during
20、the experiment,no one is to blame.It is cruel and unfair to animals.In my opinion,although animal testing is cruel,it is essential.Only by doing animal testing can scientists develop new kinds of medicine to save people from painful diseases and death.But we must control the number of animals used in the scientific research.
