1、Unit 4Earthquakes基础盘点自测自评阅读单词快速排查本单元阅读词汇并在不认识的词汇前划suffering n extreme adj. rescue vt.& nelectricity n. (拓展速记1)disaster nshelter nsincerely adv.核心单词1.ruin n废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产2.destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭3.rescue n& vt.援救；营救4.trap vt.使陷入困境n陷阱；困境5.bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏6.damage n& vt.损失；损害7.burst vi.爆裂；爆发n突然破裂；爆发8.event
2、 n事件；大事拓展单词1.nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.国家的；民族的2.dirt n污垢；泥土dirty adj.脏的；肮脏的3.useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的useful adj.有用的；有益的4.shock vt.& vi. (使)震惊；震动n休克；打击；震惊shocked adj.惊愕的；受震惊的shocking adj.令人震惊的；可怕的5.extreme adj.极度的extremely adv.极度地6.reporter n记者report vt.报道；公布7.frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受
3、恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的8.congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；祝贺9.judge n裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决judg(e)ment n判断；鉴定；评价10.sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的(拓展速记2)11.injure vt.损害；伤害injury n伤害；损害语境活用用所给词的适当形式填空1.I offered him my congratulations (congratulate) on his success.2.His shoes are
4、 so dirty (dirt) that he must brush them.3.I sincerely (sincere) hope this program will be successful and people here will benefit from it.4.If you try and lift that suitcase, youll do yourself an injury (injure).5.Dont ask him to do anything. Hes completely useless (use).6.Im too frightened (fright
5、en) to ask him now.7.The Forbidden City attracts a constant stream of visitors every day, especially during national (nation)holidays.走进高考1.bury熟义：vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏生义：vt.埋头于；专心致志于I am still buried in books at school.2.shock 熟义：vt.& vi.震惊；震动 生义：n.C电击；触电Dont touch that wire or youll get a shock.1.right away
6、立刻；马上2.as if/though仿佛；好像3.at an end结束；终结4.in ruins严重受损；破败不堪5.dig out掘出；发现6.a number of许多；大量的7.at the top of.在的顶部8.refer to提及；参考；指的是9.wake up叫醒10.be buried in 埋头于(拓展速记3)语境活用用左栏短语的适当形式填空1.The houses across the street are in ruins, but they were in good condition a few years ago.2.The long hot summer w
7、as at last at an end, and the school came back to life for a new term.3.A number of people gathered in front of the police station to see what had happened.4.The school was over and our class adviser asked me to go to her office right away.5.At the top of the building there is a red flag.1.too.to.意为
8、“太以至不能”，表示否定意义原句In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食了。仿写他太骄傲了，不会恳求朋友们帮助的。He was too proud to beg from his friends.2.It seems as if.“看起来好像”原句 It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！仿写我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。It seemed as if everything in my chil
9、dhood had just happened.3.all.not.“并非所有的都”原句 All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。仿写并不是所有学生都适合这种学习方法。 Not all students are suitable for the learning method.All students are not suitable for the learning method.1.“adj.ityn.”荟萃electricity电；电流；电学equality 平等majority大多数popularity 受欢迎；流行reality 现实security 安全
10、similarity 相似点2.“真诚，诚实”家族sincere adj.真诚的sincerely adv.真诚地genuine adj.真诚的；真心的genuinely adv.真诚地；诚实地3.“埋头于，专心于”的多种表达 apply oneself tobe absorbed in be buried inbe devoted tobe engaged inbe occupied withconcentrate onput ones heart intofix/focus ones attention on考点串讲重点突破1burst vi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发n突然破裂
11、；爆发|对接高考|单句语法填空 (2019年江苏卷阅读理解)These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera.(2016年北京卷阅读理解)It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.(2016年上海卷阅读理解)It was so terrib
12、le I burst out crying (cry)He burst into the room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.|考点归纳|(1)burst in/into闯入；突然破门而入burst out突然迸发；爆发burst open突然打开(2) 突然哭起来/笑起来(3)burst with anger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支|能力提升|一句多译/完美写作背诵不管什么时候回忆起这个有趣的故事，我都会忍不住笑起来。Whenever I recall this funny story, I cant he
13、lp bursting out laughingNo matter when I think of this funny story, I cant help bursting into laughter(湖北卷书面表达)听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。Hearing this, the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmates face turned red.2ruin vt.毁灭；使破产 n废墟；毁灭|对接高考|单句语法填空/单句改错(2016年北京卷阅读理解)When they returned to Rockaway
14、the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins (ruin)Drunk driving not only ruined himself (he) but also killed several passersby.Shortly after suffering from an earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruined my holiday.ruine
15、druining|考点归纳|(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟fall into ruin毁灭；毁坏bring.to ruin使毁灭；使没落；使破产be reduced to ruins沦为废墟(2)ruin sth./sb.毁坏某物/某人ruin oneself 毁掉自己ruin ones health/fame/future毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途|能力提升|完成句子 After the earthquake, a village which was once so attractive was ruined/was brought to ruin (被毁掉了)3injure
16、vt.损害；伤害|对接高考|单句语法填空/单句改错Dont lift that tool boxyoull do yourself an injury(injure)!The injured were (be) sent to the hospital immediately.A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the injured (injure) to the hospital.What the newspaper reported did great injury to her fam
17、e.did后加a|考点归纳|(1)injured adj.受伤的the injured伤员be/get injured 受伤(2)injury n伤；伤口；伤害do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人4bury vt.埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；沉浸；覆盖；掩藏|对接高考|单句语法填空 The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying (bury) herself in a book.Burying (bury) herself in her study，Linda had little experie
18、nce in handling boys.She sat there, buried (bury) in thought.|考点归纳|(1)be buried in/ bury oneself in埋头于；专心于(2)bury ones face in ones hands双手掩面|能力提升|一句多译由于埋头于书本，所以他不知道外面下雨了。Burying himself in his books，he didnt know it was raining outside. (使用现在分词作状语)Buried in his books，he didnt know it was raining ou
19、tside. (使用过去分词作状语)5judge n法官；裁判员vt.判断；断定；判决|对接高考|单句语法填空 Judging (judge) from what you say in your letter, you dont feel well.We cannot judge a book by its cover.|考点归纳|(1)judge.from/by.从来判断judge between right and wrong判断是非as far as I can judge据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from.从上看；根据判断(3)judg(e)ment n判断；判决；审
20、判 |名师点睛|judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词形式作状语而不用过去分词形式。|能力提升|完美写作背诵(2017年江苏卷书面表达)我认为，在不久的将来电影市场会低迷。As far as I can judge, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.6at an end 结束；终结|对接高考|单句语法填空 (广东卷阅读理解)As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end.By the en
21、d of next week, I will have finished (finish) most of the work.Winning the competition put an end to his financial problems.Its hard for him to make ends (end) meet.|考点归纳|(1)at the end of. 在尽头；在末端by the end of. 到结束时；到时候为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end 最后；终于(2)come to an end 结束put/bring sth. to an end结束某事put a
22、n end to sth.结束某事(3)make (both) ends meet使收支相抵；量入为出(4)end up with. 以结束end up doing sth. 以做某事结束|能力提升|完成句子 At the end of (最后) the meeting, the general manager said in a loud voice，“Weve tried hard to solve the financial problem, and in the end (终于) weve succeeded. So by the end of (到结束时) next week，the
23、 bad situation will come to an end(结束) and everything will be all right.”7a (great) number of 许多；大量的|对接高考|单句语法填空 A number of students are (be)in the dining hall now.Yes, the number of the students is (be) about 200.Large amounts of money are spent (spend) on advertisements every year.|考点归纳|(1)修饰可数名词
24、的短语有：a (large/great/good) number of，a great/good many，a good few，quite a few，many a，more than one(2)修饰不可数名词的短语有：a great/good deal of，a great/large amount of，quite a little(3)既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词的短语有：a lot of, lots of, a quantity of, quantities of, masses of |名师点睛|(1)“a number of名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数，表示“许多，大
25、量”。(2)“the number of名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，表示“的数量”。(3)“large quantities of名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。(4)“large amounts of不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。8It seems/seemed as if.似乎；仿佛(教材佳句)It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！|对接高考|单句语法填空/单句改错The kids looked up to her as if she were (be) their own mother.It was John who b
26、roke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done (do) it?Dont handle the vase as if it is made of steel.iswere|考点归纳|(1)it seems as if从句是“似乎，仿佛”的意思。其中seem是系动词，as if从句为表语从句，接as if引导表语从句的动词还有look, appear, sound等。as if还可以引导状语从句。as if引导的从句中可以用虚拟语气表示非真实情况，如果从句所述情况可能性大或者就是事实，则用陈述语气。(2)as if 引导的从句
27、若是虚拟语气，应注意不同时态虚拟语气的应用。若表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式，be动词通常用were；表示与过去事实相反的情况，用had过去分词；表示与将来事实相反，则用would动词原形。|能力提升|句式升级She stood there as if she was waiting for someone.She stood there as if waiting for someone. (用省略句升级)9部分否定 (教材佳句)All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。|对接高考|句型转换/单句改错All planets do not have a sa
28、tellite.Not all planets have a satellite.I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with anything. anythingeverything|考点归纳|(1)all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，completely，always，whole，entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“不是都，并非都”。(2)no，none，never，nobody，nothing，n
29、either，no one，nowhere, no more, no longer, no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。|能力提升|完美写作背诵 我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观长城。Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall.Part 1Part 2Here is good news for you. Our friend, Williams, came up with an invention after burying himself
30、in his research for years. This invention was a shock to the world and it was highly thought of by most famous scientists. Judging from recent surveys, his invention would greatly benefit disabled people. Many people wrote him letters to congratulate on his success. He also received a number of invi
31、tations to international conferences. His family and friends were very proud of him.Tom seemed as if he was a little slow in understanding，for which many teachers and classmates thought little of him at school. After his graduation from college, he invented a device which could help to dig out the p
32、eople trapped in the ruins when earthquakes happened. Now，the family are all proud of him.随堂检测基础过关.单句语法填空1. (2017年全国卷阅读理解)These chemicals come from the injured (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.2At the news that my dad would be back from London this week, I felt as if my heart woul
33、d burst with joy.3With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins.4She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.5Judging from your accent, I guess you must come from the south.6As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigner
34、s are (be) learning Chinese as a second language.7Large quantities of land in the area have been reserved(reserve) for national parks these years.8He opened his mouth as if to say (say) something.9On arriving there, we expressed our congratulations (congratulate) to him on his success.10Although it
35、was an extremely (extreme) difficult and dangerous task, he was determined to finish it.单句改错1A large number of churches fell into ruins after the big flood._答案：ruinsruin2But now, because my left foot injured in the football game, I cannot go with you as planned._答案：injured前加got/was3The little girl w
36、as so frightening that she burst out crying._答案：frighteningfrightened4More than one firefighter were sent to rescue people trapped in the burning building._答案：werewas5The old man was lying on the ground as if hurting badly._答案：hurtinghurt话题拓展素养升华.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Several days be
37、fore July 28, 1976, many strange things 1.happened (happen) in Tangshan. The water in the village wells rose and fell. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.They were 2.signs (sign) for the earthquake. But people in the city didnt think much 3.of these events. At 342 am.th
38、at day, the earth began to shake, 4.which destroyed the city. Many people, 5.including (include) rescue workers and doctors, came to rescue those 6.trapped (trap) under the ruins. 7.Later (late) that afternoon, another big quake struck Tangshan. More people 8.were killed (kill) or injured and more b
39、uildings fell down. Soldiers were called in 9.to help (help) the rescue workers. Teams were organized to dig out 10.the trapped and to bury the dead.话题中的写作根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面的小作文。12008年5月12日，四川汶川发生了强烈地震，全国震惊。(strike, shocked)2地震现场令人恐惧。整个城镇一片废墟；大量楼房倒塌；水、电被切断；数千人被困在废墟下。放眼望去，几乎一切都被毁了。(lie in ruins, a g
40、reat number of, be trapped)3地震后，全国人民立刻行动起来帮助当地人渡过难关。(right away, disaster)4在政府和全国人民的帮助下，他们的生活恢复了正常。在过去的十年里汶川发生了很大的变化。(with the aid of, return to normal)_One possible version：On May 12th, 2008, a powerful earthquake struck Wenchuan in Sichuan Province.The whole nation was shocked at the news.What fri
41、ghtening scenes! The whole town lay in ruins. A great number of buildings fell. Water and electricity were cut off, and thousands of people were trapped under the ruins.In a word, everywhere I looked, nearly everything was destroyed.But fortunately, after the earthquake, all the people took action right away. Everyone did their bit to help them out of the disaster.With the aid of the government and people, their life returned to normal.In the past ten years, great changes have taken place in Wenchuan.
