1、扬州市2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（2）及答案解析 (2011四川卷，D)“Experience may possibly be the best teacher，but it is not a particulary good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in
2、the field of organizational decision making. For years March( possibly the wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act，and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of
3、experiential learning ：“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.”The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及) serious complications (复杂化)，ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.In one interest
4、ing part of the book，for example, he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says“The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented，the les
5、s understandable the story，and the more understandable the story，the less realistic it is.”Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher, March is also a poet, and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding：Do
6、nt pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.多年来，人们强调经验型学习。而一位名叫James Mark的却说：经验可能是最好的老师，却不是一个特别好的老师。通过对于经验型学习，本文介绍了James Mark的关于经验的书。13According to the text, James March is _.Aa poet who uses experience in his writin
7、gBa teacher who teaches story writing in universityCa researcher who studies the way humans think and actDa professor who helps organizations make important decisions答案：C。细节判断题。从第一个段落中最后一句话里可以找到信息句，即同选项C所说的一致。14According to James March, experience _.Ais overvalued Bis easy to explainCshould be activ
8、ely soughtDshould be highly respected答案：A推理判断题。从文章的开头以及文中的字里行间“the problem is.” “turn a doubtful eye on.” 以及“think deeply about experience learning”等可以推测出James 对于经验学习持怀疑态度，认为人们太过于重视经验学习这一方式了。15What can we learn from Paragraph 3?AExperience makes stories more accurate.BStories made interesting fail t
9、o fully present the truth.CThe use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.DStories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.答案：B。细节判断题。在倒数第二段中，James所说的话中“to make stories more interesting, we lose part of the complicated truth of things”就表明了故事越有趣，就越没有真实感，同选项B所说。
10、16Whats the purpose of this text?ATo introduce a book.BTo describe a researcher.CTo explain experiential learning.DTo discuss organizational decision making.答案：A。作者意图判断题。纵观全文，作者一直都在围绕着一本书，在阐述关于本书中的内容以及本书作者的观点等，故选A。 A(2011全国卷，B)For those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal wo
11、rld，selfawareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware (意识) of itself has a high level of intelligence. Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image (反射出的影像). Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying
12、very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans，and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report
13、that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror selfreflection test. “We thought that elephants were the next important animal，”said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and FansB. M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains，Reiss s
14、aid, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”The researchers tested Happy. Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put an 8footsquare mirror on a wall of the animals play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one buil
15、t in the mirror.The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it，and to examine parts of their bodies.Of the three, Happy then passed the test，in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror
16、to touch the mark with her long nose.Diana Reiss said，“We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”文章通过实验说明能意识到自身形象的动物具有高智商。1. What can mirror tests tell us about animals?A. Whether they have large brains. B. Whether they have selfawareness.C. Wh
17、ether they enjoy outdoor exercises. D. Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.答案：B。细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句话“Awareness can be tested by.”可知B项正确。2. Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?A. They are most familiar to readers.B. They are big favorites with zoo visitors.C. They are included i
18、n the study by Reiss.D. They are already known to be intelligent.答案：D。推理判断题。由第二段最后一句可知人们已经知道apes和dolphins是聪明的。3. What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?A. She used her nose to search behind the mirror.B. She recognized her own image in the mirror.C. She painted a mark on her own face.D. She
19、 found the hidden camera.答案：B。推理判断题。由倒数第二段可推出Happy能辨别出自己在镜子中的形象。C7 2013湖北卷 BMothers and daughters go through so muchyet when was the last time a mother and daughter sat down to write a book together about it all? Perri Klass and her mother, Sheila Solomon Klass, both gifted professional writers, pro
20、ve to be ideal cowriters as they examine their decades of motherhood, daughterhood, and the wonderful ways their lives have overlapped (重叠)Perri notes with amazement how closely her own life has mirrored her mothers: both have fulltime careers; both have published books, articles, and stories; each
21、has three children; they both love to read.They also love to travelin fact, they often take trips together.But in truth, the harder they look at their lives, the more they acknowledge their big differences in circumstance and basic nature.A child of the Depression (大萧条), Sheila was raised in Brookly
22、n by parents who considered education a luxury for girls.Starting with her college education, she has fought for everything shes ever accomplished.Perri, on the other hand, grew up privileged in the New Jersey suburbs of the 1960s and 1970s.For Sheila, wasting time or money is a crime, and luxury is
23、 unthinkable while Perri enjoys the occasional small luxury, but has not been successful at trying to persuade her mother into enjoying even the tiniest thing she likes.Each writing in her own unmistakable voice, Perri and Sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains, the love and bitterness, the
24、minor troubles and lasting respect that have always bonded them together.Sheila describes the adventure of giving birth to Perri in a tiny town in Trinidad where her husband was doing research fieldwork.Perri admits that she cant sort out all the mess in the households, even though she knows it driv
25、es her mother crazy.Together they compare thoughts on bringing up children and working, admit longhidden sorrows, and enjoy precious memories.Looking deep into the lives they have lived separately and together, Perri and Sheila tell their motherdaughter story with honesty, humor, enthusiasm, and adm
26、iration for each other.A written account in two voices, Every Mother Is a Daughter is a duet (二重奏) that produces a deep, strong sound with the experiences that all mothers and daughters will recognize.55Why does Perri think that her own life has mirrored her mothers?AThey both have gone through diff
27、icult times.BThey have strong emotional ties with each other.CThey have the same joys and pains, and love and bitterness.DThey both have experiences as daughter, mother and writer.56The word “luxury” in Paragraph 3 means _Asomething rare but not pleasantBsomething that cannot be imaginedCsomething e
28、xpensive but not necessaryDsomething that can only be enjoyed by boys57What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?AThe content of the book.BThe purpose of the book.CThe influence of the book. DThe writing style of the book.58How are womens lives explored in this book?AIn a musical form. BThrough field researc
29、h.CWith unique writing skills.DFrom different points of view.【要点综述】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了母女二人合作写书。因为两人都有母亲、女儿的身份以及重叠的生活等，她们从各自的角度描绘了她们之间的母女关系。 55D 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句以及第二段的前半部分可知，母女二人在身份上、职业上都有着很多的共同之处，因此女儿的生活就可以反映妈妈的生活。故D正确。56C 词义猜测题。根据画线单词前的“the Depression”以及下文的“luxury is unthinkable”可知它的意思是“奢侈”，即很贵的但没必要的东西
30、。故C正确。57A 段落大意题。根据第四段中的“exploring the joys and pains, the love and bitterness”可知，第四段主要介绍了本书的内容。故A正确。58D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A written account in two voices”可知，母女二人是从不同的视角写这本书的。故D正确。C7 2013湖北卷 CWeve reached a strangesome would say unusualpoint.While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vita
31、l importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO), more people now die from being overweight, or say, from being extremely fat, than from being underweight.Its the good life thats more likely to kill us these days.Worse, nearly 18 million children under the age of fi
32、ve around the world are estimated to be overweight.Whats going on?We really dont have many excuses for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by publichealth campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting throughup to a point.In the 1970s, Finland, for example, had
33、 the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause.Not any more.A publichealth campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills
34、 doubled between 2001 and 2005, and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body.That has become a sort of fashion.No wonder it ranks as the worlds most bodyconscious country.We know what we should be doing to lose weightbut actually doing it is another matter.B
35、y far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise.More than half of us admit we lack willpower.Others blame good food.They say: its just too inviting and it makes them overeat.Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much Ameri
36、canstyle fast food.Some also blame their parentstheir genes.But unfortunately, the parents are wronged because theyre normal in shape, or rather slim.Its a similar story around the world, although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight.Parents are eager to see their kids shape u
37、p.Do as I saynot as I do.59What is the “strange” point mentioned in the first sentence?AThe good life is a greater risk than the bad life.BStarvation is taking more peoples lives in the world.CWHO report shows peoples unawareness of food safety.DOverweight issue remains unresolved despite WHOs effor
38、ts.60Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight?AA lot of effective diet pills are available.BBody image has nothing to do with good food.CThey have been made fully aware of its dangers.DThere are too many overweight people in the world.61The example of Finland is used
39、 to illustrate _Athe cause of heart diseaseBthe fashion of body shapingCthe effectiveness of a campaignDthe history of a bodyconscious country62Which would be the best title for the passage?AActions or Excuses? BOverweight or Underweight?CWHO in a Dilemma DNo Longer Dying of Hunger【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要
40、讲述现代人多死于肥胖的问题。人们已经意识到了这一问题，采取了一些措施，并取得了很好的效果。那么肥胖的原因是什么呢？主要是我们没有进行足够的锻炼，超过半数的人认为我们缺乏毅力，也有人将肥胖归咎于好的食物以及父母的遗传基因等。最后作者提出“照我所说的做，还是不做”，即问现代人减肥“行动还是不行动”。 59A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Its the good life thats more likely to kill us these days.”可知，奇怪的事情是“好的生活使人们更易于死亡”。故A正确。60C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的第二句“The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by publichealth campaigns”知人们早就意识到了肥胖的危害，而且也于2001年发起了一项公众健康的运动，因此我们没理由肥胖了。故C正确。61C 推理判断题。第四段中提到，荷兰人因心脏病死亡的数目在近三十年里已经下降了80%，提到这个例子是为了证明这项运动已经获得了成功。 故C正确。62A 主旨大意题。本文的结构共分三部分：第一部分提出问题；第二部分解决问题，即action；第三部分指出原因，即变胖的理由excuse。因此在总结题目时一定要把两者包括在内，故选项A最合适。
