1、1.after all,at all,above all，in all 1)毕竟;仍然e.g.Its not surprising youre tired.After all,you didnt go to bed until 12 last night.2)终究;最终e.g.Although they met with difficulties,I hear theyve succeeded_.I did promise to buy a car for you,but I am sorry I cant manage it_.If you want to learn English wel
2、l,_,you should read English aloud very morning.after allat allabove all 2.访问的词组3.call on sb.call at sp.call on=ask sb.to do sthe.g.Marx called on the workers to unite.I will call on Jean for an answer.visit/sb./sp.pay a visit to sb./sp.drop in on Drop in at call on 看望,拜访(sb.);要求,号召 call at 拜访(sp.)ca
3、ll for 接某人;需要 call in 请进 call up 打电话 call off 取消3.Pay的词组pay back 偿还、报复pay off 还清(债务等)pay for 付款You have to pay back the money youborrowed.At last he paid off the debts.Have you paid all your debts?Fill in the blanks with pay off,pay back,pay for1)How much did you _ _ the recorder?2)He has _ _ the de
4、bts his father left him.3)We must remember to _ _ the money _ those books to John next week.pay forpaid offpay backfor 4.worth/wothyThis VCD is worth 1,000 yuan.What you said is worth consideringof sthof being done to be doneworthy5.worth,worthy;1)The book is well _ reading again.careful study.2)Thi
5、s article is _ of being studied carefully.worthworthy6.prove n./pron宾语宾补 that从句Prove to be/adj.证明是 something to somebody=to sb something证明是One mad action is not enough to prove a man mad7.tear 的短语总结动词短语Tear something to/into piecesTear soemthing in harf/into halvesTear something openTear something o
6、f 把（从上）撕开Tear something down Tear at somethingTear作名词时的短语Be in tears流泪，哭Burst into tearsBurst out crying Move sb.To tears.Eyes be filled with tears With tears in ones eyes8.advantageGain an advantage 获得优势Have the advantage of 有方面的优势Have an advantage over 优于，胜过Take advantage of 利用make use of To ones
7、advantage=to the advantage of sb.对某人有利To advantage以便产生好的效果Put sb.To advantage/disadvantage使某人处于优势、劣势9.Cost的短语总结Sth.Cost sb.Time(money).Sth.Cost sb.Sth.使某人失去The cost living(the living cost)生活费用 At all costs不惜一切代价At the cost of sth.以牺牲为代价10.Point短语的拓展Point out(后接名词或宾语从句）Point at 指着（某人或某物）Point to 指向（强
8、调方向，并不一定指该物体）Make a point 证明论点正确To the point 正中要害，恰到好处remarks that were to the point;和本题相关的话；Be on the point of doing正要做某事a turning point in his career.Theres no point in wasting time.耗时间没用。11.affair;thing;matter;business;event;accident;incidentaffair意为“事情、事件”,含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事；复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务
9、，如财政管理、外交事务等。thing意为“事情、事物”，不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing，一般不能专指事务；复数things还可作“形势”解。matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。business作“事务、事情”解时，一般不能用复数，常常指所指派的任务、责任；有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。Accident指交通或其它意外事故Incident 引发争端或战争的事件，还指日常生活中的小事Event国家或党派等发生的重大事件，尤其是历史事件Were there any exciting _ during your journey?The new book was the cul
10、tural _ of the year.Johns had an _:hes been knocked down by a car.Thats none of your_.Everything we can see and touch is made up of _.Fill in the blanks with the proper wordsincidentseventaccidentbusinessmatter12.Careful短语的拓展Be careful about/of 注意Be careful to do sth.做某事很仔细Be careful not to do sth.注
11、意不要做某事Be careful that（常与否定内容连接）It is careless of sb.to do sth.做某事太粗心了Sb.Is careless to do sth.同上13.Doubt句型短语总结There is no doubt+that cluase/n.毫无疑问There is some doubt(about,as to)whether对于某事持有疑问Have no doubt+that从句“确信”注意：doubt作及物动词时，在肯定句中连词用whether，在否定句或疑问句中用that。（名词和动词一样）类似句型还有：There is no need for
12、sb.to do14.Start/begin用法与总结在以下情况后而用to do.1.主语是物而不是人。The ice began to melt.2.本身用于进行时态。Mary is beginning to do her homework.3.后加心理状态或精神活动的词。They began to realize their past mistakes4.用于描述天气时。It began to rain.5.强调动作的实际开始。We started to laugh when she entered the room.6.因句子结构对称时。He had to smile when we b
13、egan to laugh.我们开始笑时，他不得不也勉强笑了。15.Would rather的用法与归纳1.表示“宁愿，愿意”。He said he would rather play football.2.had/would rather从句，表示对现在或将来的一种愿望,从句中用一般过去时。例如：Id rather she left on an earlier train.I had rather you did it.3.表示宁愿某人曾经做过或表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句中用过去完成时。例如：Id rather he had told me about it.4.Would rather
14、 do than do 表示宁愿做而不愿做，表示选择或偏爱前者。例如：He would rather die than give in.5.Prefer to do rather than do 表示“宁愿做而不愿做”例如：I prefer to write to her rather than phone her.6.Or ratherMore exactly;more accurately:更确切地；更精确地：Hes my friend,or rather he was my friend.他是我的朋友，不过更确切地说，他曾经是我的朋友。7.Chiefly British Most cer
15、tainly.Would you like a swim?Rather“你要游泳吗？”“当然！”16.Have sth/sb.done/have sb.Doing/have sth./sb doHave sb.do“使某人做某事”表示动作的完成或可能发生。Have sb.doing“使某人一直在做某事”表示动作一直在进行。Have sth.to do“有某事要做”，have表示“有”Have sth.to do with与有关Have sth.done”使某事被做”17.不带to的动词不定式的十八种情况 动词不定式通常带有符号to，叫做带to的动词不定式(infinitive withto)，
16、动词不定式有时不带符号to，叫做不带to的动词不定式(infinitive withoutto)不带to一、与助动词do连用构成谓语动词的否定、疑(1)he does not work in the factory.(2)Does she work here(3)I did not see her yesterday.(4)Did they take you home?(1)I can speak English.(2)May I come in?(3)Dare he swim across the river?(4)We must work,and above all we must bel
17、ieve in ourselves.但与情态动词ought(to)连用时通常带to，和used(to)连用时必须带to三、在表示感觉的动词如：see,look.at,watch,hear,listen to,feel,notice,observe,perceive(觉察，看见),behold（书面用语“见到”）等后用作宾语补足语的动词不定。(1)I saw her cross the street.(2)He looked at the children walk up the hill.(3)I watched the boy cross the road.(4)I heard her pl
18、ay the piano.(5)He listend to us talk.但除notice,watch不用被动语态外，上述动词变成被动语态时，其后的动词不定式就不省to(1)She was seen to cross street.(2)She was heard to play the piano.四、使役动词make,let,have,bid,leave(=let)后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to(1)You may take a horse to the water,but you cant make him drink.(2)Ill let him do it.(3)Dont fo
19、rget to have them come.(4)Bid him go home.(5)Leave him go.动词have通常不用于被动语态，make和bid可用于被动语态，let偶尔也可用于被动态，用作主语补足语的动词不定式通常带to，但在make和let后有时可以不带to(1)John was made to wash the truck for a week as a punishment.(2)He was made(to)laugh.(3)The child was let(to)do it.五、never与know连用其后作宾语补足语的动词不定式可省to，其时态多为完成时态。
20、(1)I never knew him act without thinking.(2)Ive never known it snow in July before.(3)I had never known her ask for pity before.有时ever与known连用也有上述用法。(1)Have you ever known me tell a lie?六、在find后作宾语补定语的动词不定式有时可以省to，但如动词为be，那么一般不省to，要省一起省略to be(1)We found the farm crops(to)do well.(2)I find the Chines
21、e people to be happy and cheerful.(3)I found this to be true in all the cities.(4)We found him(to be)honest/dishonest.七、在cannot but,cannot help but,can not choose but,had better(best),would(had)rather(sooner)than,would as soonas后的动词不定一般不带to(1)When the country calls you for help,you cannot but go.(2)
22、He cant help but feel sorry for her.(3)he cannot choose but obey.(4)I had better leave now,or Ill be late.(5)He had best buy it now while it is still available.八、在but(=except),besides,than后的动词不定式一般要带to，但如果其前有作谓语的实义动词do，则不定式不带to(1)The soldier has no choice but to obey.(2)He did not have any choice bu
23、t to obey.(3)She did nothing but clean the dishes.(4)The children found there was nothing they could do with their money,except spend it on sweets.(5)There seemed nothing else to do but(to)send for a doctor.(but前的实义动词do不作谓语，but后的不定式可带to，也可不带to)(6)He did nothing else than laugh.九、不定式作表语时，如主语部分含有实义动词d
24、o，且句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时(多为is或was)，不定式可以带to也可不带to(1)What we must do now is(to)find anther person to help us.(2)All he could do was(to)rush into the room.如句子的动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时，作表语的动词不定式一般要带to(1)She knew that all she would have to do would be to stop crying.十、rather than位于句首时，其后用不带to的不定式，但rather than在句中时，
25、其后的动词不定式可以带to，也可以不带to(1)Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bicyde.(2)Rather than cause trouble,he left.(3)He prefers to rent a car rather than(to)have one of his own.十一、在动词help后作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to，也可以不带，在英国英语中，多用不带to的不定式，但在英国英语中，help+宾语+不定式结构中，用不带to的不定式表示主语直接参与不定式的表示的动作，用带to
26、的不定式表示主语没有直接参与不定式的表示的动作。(1)He helped me repair the bicycle.(2)He helped me to repair the bicycle.(3)This kind of soap helps us to wash the clothes more easily.(4)The book will help you to study English.但在被动语态中，help后的不定式要带to(1)She was helped to repair her bicycle.在help(to)do sth不定式符号to He helped(to)r
27、epair the machine.十二、两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带to，后面的不定式一般省去to(1)Her job is to take care of the children and wash clothes.(2)The girl doesnt know how to read and write.但如果是在对照场合，则不省去to(1)It is better to laugh than to cry.(2)The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more
28、difficult.十三、than连接两个动词 不定式没有对比关系时，后一个不定式可以省to(1)You might do worse than(to)do as he does.(2)I cannot do better than(to)get away for the few days.下面句子中than连接的不是两个动词不定式than后的动词不定式通常要带to(1)I know better than to believe him.(2)The beaten enemy had no choice than to surrender.下句中的more than(=only)可以看成复合副
29、词，后面的动词不定式不带to(1)I did not more than make a beginning.十四、在why,why not后的不定式不带to(1)Why spend such a lot of money?(2)Why not join us?(3)Why dont you smoke?十五、实义动词dare在现代英语口语中，其所在的否定句或疑问句中，它后的动词不定式可省to，尤其在一般过去时中(1)Does he dare go?(2)We do not dare speak.(3)He did not dare go.(7)He knew she dared not ope
30、n his mouth.十六、在口语中，特别是在美国，祈使语气谓语动词和构成谓语的不定式go后面的不定式往往不带to(1)Go ask her.(2)Ill go see my brother.这种用法在英国口语中比较少见，一般在动词go后用连词and(1)GO and ask her.(2)Ill go and see my brother.十七、在will you please?和would you please?句型中，要用不带to的不定式。(1)Will you please give the note to Tom?(2)Will you please open the window
31、?(3)Would you please give me a hand?十八、Better+动原(口语中用)(1)Better ask them go astray.18.Pretty的用法与总结1.adj.（形容词）pret.ti.er，pret.ti.estPleasing or attractive in a graceful or delicate way.See Synonyms at beautiful 漂亮，优美，动人：用优雅或柔美的方式使人感到其漂亮或有吸引力Clever聪明的，灵巧的：a pretty maneuver.巧妙的手段Very bad;terrible:太坏的，糟
32、糕的：in a pretty predicament;a situation that has reached a pretty pass.处境极为尴尬；处理特别不妙的Ostensibly or superficially attractive but lacking substance or conviction:浮华的：明显地感觉表面上有吸引力的，但缺乏实质性内容或不令人信服：full of pretty phrases.一些浮华的词藻adv.（副词)To a fair degree;moderately:相当的：到了相当的程度，适度的：a pretty good student.相当好的
33、学生 In a pretty manner;prettily or pleasingly.风度优雅的；优雅的，令人愉悦的 pretty much For the most part;mostly:大多数；几乎全部：“The.matter was pretty much dying down “材料差不多要没了”(as)pretty as a picture美丽如画,口非常漂亮 pretty nearly几乎 pretty well几乎,差不多,相当的 pretty up打扮,美化19.beautiful，lovely，pretty，handsome，All these adjectives a
34、pply to what excites aesthetic admiration.所有这些形容词都指能激起美学赞美的东西。Beautiful,the most comprehensive,applies to what stirs a heightened response both of the senses(Beautiful 最全面，指能够唤起高度视听感觉好的)a beautiful child;漂亮的小孩；beautiful country;美丽的国家；a beautiful painting)and of the mind on its highest level(美丽的图画）和头
35、脑在它的最高水平上所反应的东西：（Lovely applies to what inspires emotion rather than intellectual appreciation:Lovely 指能够激起感情上而不是理智上的赞赏：“They were lovely,your eyes,but you didnt know where to look”(George Seferis).“你的一双眼睛是可爱的，但你不知道朝哪里看”（乔治塞菲里斯）。What is pretty is beautiful but in a delicate or graceful way;the word
36、rarely applies to whatis imposing:漂亮，优美，动人用优雅或柔美的方式使人感到其漂亮或有吸引力 a pretty face;a pretty song;Handsome stresses visual appeal by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion:漂亮的，英俊的（男人）a very large,handsome paneled library.Handsome is that handsome does.(谚)行为漂亮才是漂亮。20.Recognise与know的比较 句中reco
37、gnise意为“认出”，后面可接名词、代词或从句。它还有“认识到；承认”之意。如：I could hardly recognise my hometown.It had changed so much.我几乎认不出我的家乡了，它变化太大了。He recognised that he had made mistakes.他认识到自己犯了错误。I recognise that he is cleverer than I(am).我承认他比我聪明。21.Continue的用法 continue为及物动词，后面可接名词、动词不定式或-ing形式。如：Without money they couldnt
38、 continue their research work.没有资金，他们无法继续研究工作。He continued working/to work when he was ill.他在病中一直坚持工作。continue也可用作不及物动词，意为“继续（下去）,持续”。如：The rain continued all day.雨连续下了一整天。22、“戏剧”词汇集锦 tragedy悲剧 comedy喜剧 tragicomedy悲喜剧 one-act play独幕剧Huai Opera淮剧 Shaoxing Opera越剧 Peking Opera 京剧 modern play现代剧 opera歌
39、剧 farce滑稽戏,闹剧 stage play话剧 stage version上演本 title role剧名角色 prologue序幕,开场白 lines台词 episode情节中的插曲 climax高潮 dress rehearsal 彩排 character人物 leading role主角 chief actress女主角 chief actor男主角music drama音乐剧historical play 历史剧pantomime哑剧dance drama,ballet舞剧playwright编剧,剧作家traditional theatrical pieces 传统剧目23.s
40、cary adj.（形容词）scar.i.er，scar.i.est Causing fright or alarm.使人惊慌的：引起害怕或恐惧的 Easily scared;very timid.容易受惊的；胆小的 Scarily adv.（副词）Scariness n.（名词）24.charge v.（动词）charged，charg.ing，charg.es v.tr.（及物动词）1)To impose a duty,responsibility,or obligation on:使承担：使承担任务、责任或义务：charged him with the task of watching
41、the young swimmers.使他承担起看护年轻游泳者的任务 2)To set or ask(a given amount)as a price:索价，要价：要（定量的钱）作为收费：charges ten dollars for a haircut.理一次发要价十美元 3)To load to capacity;fill:装满；充满：charge a furnace with coal.往壁炉里装炭 4)To saturate;impregnate:使饱合；使充满：The atmosphere was charged with tension.充满了紧张的气氛 5)To make a
42、claim of wrongdoing against;accuse or blame:指责，控告：提出对不法行为的指控；控告或责难：The police charged him with car theft.Critics charged the writer with a lack of originality.警方以偷车罪指控他。评论家指责这位作家缺少独创性请比较以下用法和短语Get charged 带电（被充上电）Charge a batter 为蓄电池充电Charge sb.Money for sth./doing因做某事而收取某人费用Charge the money to ones
43、 account 记在某人账上Free of charge=for free=for nothing 免费At ones own charge=at ones own expense自费Put on ones charge 记在某人的账上Take charge of（主动意义）掌管、负责In charge of（主动意义）掌管、负责In/under the charge of（被动意义）被掌管/由负责Charge sb.To do sth.责令某人做某事Be charge with murder被指控谋杀Charge oneself with a task承担一项任务25.conduct vt
44、.,vi.1)行为；举止；为人；表现 Your children conduct themselves well.你的孩子们表现甚佳。2)处理；经营；引导；实施 My aunt conducts her business very successfully.我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。3)引导；导游 The headmaster conducted us round the school.校长带引我们在学校里参观了一圈。The guide conducted us on a tour of the oldest museum in the country.导游带我们游览了这个国家最老的博物馆。
45、请比较conduct，direct，manage，control，All of these verbs mean to exercise direction over the course of an activity or over the activities of a person or persons.这些动词都表示指导某个活动的进程或某人或人们的行为。Conduct can apply to the guidance,authority,and responsibility of a single person:Conduct 可以用来表示导游、领导和对某个人的责任：The chai
46、rperson conducted the hearing.It can also refer to the coordinated actions of a group:主席先生主持了这个听证会。它也可以指一群人的合作：Direct stresses the regulation of activities to assure that they are properly planned and carried out:Direct 强调行为的规则以保证计划和执行的正确性：direct a political campaign.领导一场政治运动。Manage suggests the man
47、ipulation or handling of a person,a group of persons,or,often,a complex organization:Manage 暗指对一个人、一群人或通常是一个复杂机构的操纵或控制：knows how to manage a staff;管理职员的知识；managing a large resort.管理一个大的娱乐场。Control implies the exercise of authoritative direction;it stresses regulation in the form of restraint or keep
48、ing in check and connotes command or domination:Control 暗指对权威方向的执行；它强调以禁令或限制的形式颁布的规章或发布的命令或控制：police controlling a crowd;警察控制着人群；26.sharp 锐利的，锋利的，尖的 a sharp knife锋利的小刀 a needle with a sharp point针头尖利的针 思维敏捷的；目光敏锐的；听觉灵敏的 sharp eyes灵敏的眼睛 The famous writer is still sharp in thought though he has attain
49、ed the age of ninety-two.这位著名作家虽已九十二岁高龄,但仍然思维敏捷。有棱角的；不圆的 a sharp nose尖鼻子 突然的；急剧的；强烈的 a sharp turn to the left向左急转 Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town.最近全镇对园艺的兴趣已急剧下降。清晰 的；明确的；清楚的 a sharp out line明晰的轮廓27.请比较Electrical/electric Electrical.adj.与电有关的 The
50、cooker isnt working because of an electrical fault.这个炊具不能用了，因为出了电气方面的故障。用电的 electrical apparatus电器 Electric.adj.电的，用电的，发电的 an electric spark电火花 This heavy freighter is driven by two electric motors.这辆重型运输汽车是由两台电动机驱动的。惊人的；令人兴奋的 an electric eloquence惊人的口才 The presidents speech had an electric effect o
51、n the crowd,and the students 校长的演说震撼人心,大学生们都向他欢呼。28.请比较以下单词与短语1）missing adj.（形容词）Not present;absent.不在的；缺席的 Lost:失踪的：a missing person;一个失踪人员；Lacking;wanting:缺乏的；缺少的：This book has 12 missing pages.这本书缺了几页2)lacking adj.缺少的，缺乏的，不足的 There is something lacking in his character.他的性格有所缺陷。I should say your
52、secretary is lacking in responsibility.我要说你的秘书不够负责。3)lost adj.Unable to find ones way:迷路的：无法找到某人的路的：a lost child.一个迷路的孩子No longer in the possession,care,or control of someoneor something:丢失的：不再拥有、照顾或支配某人或某物的：a lost pen.一只丢失的钢笔 No longer known or practiced:不再为人所知或实践的：4)absent adj.缺席的；不在场的 He is absen
53、t on business.他因事缺席。He is absent from Hong Kong.他不在香港。漫不经心的；心不在焉的；茫然的 He looked at me in an absent way.他茫然地望着我。29.请比较instruction Instruction 教授；命令 The doctors instructions must be fulfilled exactly.医生的指示必须严格遵行。（常用pl）说明 Read the instructions on the pocket.看一下袋子上的说明。Introduction介绍；倡导；引导 The introducti
54、on of new advanced techniques in the factory is under discussion today.在工厂采用新的先进技术的问题是今天的议题。30.请比较view,An individual and personal perception,judgment,or interpretation;an opinion:观点，见解：个人的察觉、判断或者解释；意见：In his view,aid to the rebels should be suspended.See Synonyms at opinion 他的观点是，对反叛者提供的援助应该停止参见 opi
55、nion Field of vision:视野：The aircraft has disappeared from view.飞机从视野中消失了 A scene or vista:场景或远景：the view from the tower.从塔上看到的景色 A picture of a landscape:风景画：a view of Paris,done in oils.用油墨画的巴黎风景画31.请记住以下词组最多，至多至少，最少违反，构成，占，编造捆绑，系在上记得某事讲清楚，不易控弄明白表演出来At(the)most At(the)leastGo againstMake upTie toHave sth.in mindMake clearAct out浪费金钱无疑的，必定做实验击退没有也可以，将就向某人申请某物A waste of moneyNo doubt Conduct an experiment Fight off Do without Apply to sb.For sth.
