1、20122013英语必修4人教版新课标Unit 2同步学案（单词、短语解析）Unit 2 Working the land核心单词1. strugglev.挣扎；努力；拼搏；斗争 n. (为争取自由、政治权利等而进行的)斗争，奋斗常用结构：struggle with与斗争struggle for 为争取而斗争struggle against与斗争；为反对而斗争struggle to do sth. (=make great efforts to do sth.)努力做某事struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来She struggled to keep back the tea
2、rs. 她努力忍住泪水。It was a hard struggle to get my work done on time. 为使工作按时完成, 我做了一番努力。易混辨析struggle/fightstruggle指较长时间的、激烈的斗争，往往指肉体及精神上的战斗。fight意为“搏斗，打斗，打架”，表示“斗争”时，包含体力和勇猛的因素。高手过招(1)单项填空The working people have never stopped their struggle unfair treatment. （ 201001山西太原五中检测） A. against B. for C. from D.
3、to (2)完成句子 （原创）我们应当帮助那些仍在为独立而斗争的人们。We should help those who are still . 他们得和各种各样的困难作斗争。They had to .(1)解析：选A。struggle against意为“同作斗争”；struggle for意为“为了而斗争”。(2)struggling for independencestruggle with/against all kinds of difficulties2. expandv.扩大；扩展；增加；增长；（使）膨胀；阐述；使变大常用结构：expand.into.将扩展/发展成expand o
4、n 阐述；详谈He is thinking of expanding his business. 他在正考虑扩大他的生意。In ten years the citys population expanded by 12%. 十年之中,该市人口增加了百分之十二。联想拓展expansion n. 展开；膨胀；扩展expansive adj. 广阔的；易膨胀的易混辨析expand/extend/spread/stretch expand 意为“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。 extend 意为“伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度，宽度的向外延伸，也可指时间的延长。 s
5、pread 意为“传播；蔓延；铺开”。一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播（疾病），散布（信息）等。 stretch 意为“伸展(身体等)，拉长；连绵”，一般指由曲变直，由短变长的伸展，不是加长。 高手过招选词填空（expend/extend/spread/stretch）（原创）The fire soon to the nearby houses.The tourist season from May till October. A balloon when it is blown up.The cat out in front of the fire.答案:spread extends
6、expands stretched3. equipvt. & vi. 配备；装备常用结构：equip sb./sth. with 用武装某人；用装备某物 equip sb./sth. for 为而武装某人；为而装备某物 a piece of office equipment 一件办公设备They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征准备装备。A good education should equip you for life. 良好的教育能使你受用终生。高手过招(1)单项填空All classes of this school are wi
7、th modern . （原创）A. equipped; equipment B. equipped; equipmentsC. equipping; equipments D. equipping; equipment(2)完成句子 （原创）The soldiers were well (装备) weapons. This library (为而装备) atomic research.Our classroom (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.(1)解析：选A。equip .with .意为“用装备”，被动形式为be equipped with。第二
8、空equipment意为“装备；设备”，是不可数名词。(2) equipped with is equipped for is equipped with4. regretvt.& vi. 后悔；遗憾n. 遗憾；懊悔常用结构：regret doing= regret having done=regret to have done 后悔做了某事regret to do遗憾将要做某事regret to say/tell/inform 遗憾地说/告诉/通知much to ones regret 深感遗憾with regret 遗憾地Tom regretted telling his parents
9、the thing. 汤姆后悔告诉了父母那件事。I regretted to tell you you hadnt passed the driving test. 我很遗憾地告诉你你没有通过驾驶考试。He told me with regret that he couldnt come to the party. 他很抱歉地对我说他不能参加这个聚会了。He gave up teaching in 1998, much to his students regret.他于1998年放弃了教学，这使他的学生很遗憾。高手过招(1)单项填空They failed to pass the exam la
10、st time. I regretted them. （201001江西赣州质量检测）A. to be not able to help B. not being able to help C. being not able to help D. not be able to help(2)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 （原创）I now regret (leave) school so young.I regret (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed. (3)完成句子 (我非常抱歉), I am unable to acc
11、ept your invitation.(1)解析：选B。考查regret doing这一结构的用法。本空表达对过去发生的事情感到遗憾，同时还考查了动名词的否定形式 not doing。(2)leavingto inform(3)Much to my regret/To my great regret5. reducevt.减少；缩小；降低；使陷入某种更糟的状态He is trying to reduce expenses. 他正试图减少开支。We must gradually reduce the wage gap. 我们必须逐步缩小工资差距。常用结构：reduce sth. to. 减少到
12、reduce sth. by. 减少了be reduced to 沦落为The shopkeeper reduced the price by 10. 店主把价格降了10美元。The poor boy is reduced to begging. 那个可怜的孩子已沦为乞丐。 高手过招完成句子 （原创）她的体重减少了5公斤。She her 5 kilos. 炸弹爆炸使得该城市化为废墟。The bombs the city . 答案: reduced；weight by reduced；to ruins6. commentvi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论n.C&U 评论；议论常用结构：comme
13、nt on/about sth./sb. 对某事/某人进行评论make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人进行评论/不进行评论The scandal caused a lot of comment. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论。“Will you resign, Minister?” “No comment!”“部长，您是要辞职吗?”“无可奉告。”高手过招(1)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 （原创）Do you have any comments (make) on the recent developments? (2)完成句子 （原创）Asked ab
14、out the date of the election, the Prime Minister (发表意见) no decision had yet been made. She was asked about the pay increase but (不进行评论) on it.答案:(1)to make(2) commented that made no comment 重点短语7. thanks to由于；多亏（有时用作反语）;因为Thanks to your help, we were successful. 由于你的帮助，我们成功了。Thanks to you, I was sav
15、ed from drowning. 多亏你，我才没被淹死。Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 多亏了这倒霉的天气，比赛被取消了。（反语）联想拓展表示“因为，由于”的短语还有：because of，owing to，on account of，due to，as a result of。温馨提示以上这些都是介词短语，因此后面可以跟名词或动名词而不可以跟从句。高手过招单项填空It was your timely help that we accomplished the task on time. （201001山西运城
16、检测）A. Because B. thank C. thanks to D. as the new policy, we are now having a happy life. （201001安徽亳州检测）A. Thanks to B. Because C. For D. Thanks for 解析：选C。because 和as 虽然也表示“因为，由于”，但后面需接句子，而句中是短语，故应用thanks to。句意为： 幸亏你及时帮忙，我们才按时完成了任务。解析：选A。考查近义词辨析。thanks to意为“多亏了”；because后应加句子;for 表示补充说明的原因。8. rid .of
17、摆脱；除去You should rid yourself of that bad habit. 你应该改掉那个坏习惯。联想拓展be rid of 摆脱get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉rid oneself of debt 还清债务break away from 摆脱；放弃You must break away from such a bad habit. 你必须改掉这样的坏习惯。It wont be long before we can be/get rid of the pest altogether.不用太久，我们就能把这种害虫消除干净。高手过招同义句转换 （原创）Could you
18、 rid yourself of the bad habit of smoking? Could you the bad habit of smoking? 答案: get rid of 9. would rather宁愿，宁可Id rather you didnt. (常用来委婉拒绝别人)我希望你不要。He would rather stay at home watching TV. 他宁愿待在家里看电视。Id rather not go there. 我宁愿不去那里。Id rather you came tomorrow than today. 我宁愿你明天来而不是今天来。Id rathe
19、r have made a telephone call to him yesterday. 我昨天本想给他打个电话的。联想拓展would rather.than.是常用句式，意为“宁可（愿）（而）不要（愿）”would rather从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，用动词的过去时表示。would rather have done 本想做（而实际上未做） 高手过招单项填空Shall we go skating or stay at home? Which do yourself? （201001江西南昌检测）A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will yo
20、u rather D. should you rather Id rather the basketball match last night. Otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now. （201001江苏徐州检测）A. not have watched B. not watchC. hadnt watch D. havent watch解析：选B。考查would rather do sth.这一结构的用法。而do, will和should都不能与rather 搭配。would rather (not) do sth.意为“宁愿
21、（不愿意）做某事”。解析：选A。would rather not have done意为“本不想做（实际却做了）”。后一句句意为：否则我现在已经完成了我的文件。 所以前句表示“本不想看球赛却看了”，故选A。10. lead to通向；导致；造成（后果）注意：lead to中的to为介词，该短语后可跟名词或动名词。The car accident led to his being killed. 那次车祸导致他死亡。All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems. 吃太多糖会导致健
22、康问题。His carelessness led to his failure. 他的粗心导致了他的失败。联想拓展result in 导致result from 由导致 高手过招单项填空The students in the university are all taking courses a degree. （201001山东烟台检测）A. sticking to B. leading to C. turning to D. referring to 解析:选B。考查动词短语辨析。stick to 坚持; lead to 导致，引起；通往；turn to求助，转向，查阅；refer to
23、指的是；谈论，查阅。由句意“大学生都在学习课程，以取得学位”可知，答案为B。 11. build up逐步建立；逐渐增强；加强；树立；积累The company has built up a fine reputation. 该公司已建立起良好的信誉。You must build up your strength after your illness. 你在病后必须要增强体力。高手过招完成句子 （原创）我们应该鼓励孩子们树立信心。We should encourage the children to . 看到你的词汇量在逐渐增长我很高兴。Im very glad to see that you
24、r vocabulary is .答案: build up their confidence gradually building up12. focus on集中（注意力、精力等）于；对(某事或做某事)予以注意；使聚焦于；使直射于He focused his mind on his lessons. 他把心思集中在功课上。 Today were going to focus on the question of homeless people. 今天, 我们主要讨论无家可归者的问题。 A nearsighted person cannot focus accurately on distan
25、t objects. 近视的人看不清远处的物体。联想拓展focus ones attention on sth.= center/concentrate/fix ones attention on sth. 集中注意力于高手过招完成句子 （原创）在我看来，学校应该把精力集中在教学上。In my opinion, schools should .他把相机对准了远处的高楼。He his camera the huge building in the distance. 答案: focus attention on teaching focused；on重点句型13. In 1974, he bec
26、ame the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1974年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。 不定式放在表示次序的词the first, the last, the best以及the only, the very, the right等词后面, 且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系，结构为：the first/last/best/only/very/right .+n. + to do sth.表示“第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/唯一的/恰好的/合适的做某事的
27、人/物”。He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来并且最后一个离开。The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 最后一个离开正在下沉的船的那个人是船长。高手过招单项填空He is the last person to Marys birthday party.（原创）A. to invite B. to be invited C. invited D. being invited 解析：选B。考查不定式作定语的用法。当名词前面有序数词或last,
28、 next等词修饰时，名词后面多用不定式作定语。如New Zealand was the first nation in modern times to allow women to vote. 新西兰成为现代史上第一个允许妇女有选举权的国家。 14. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。倍数表达法：Abe倍数asadj.asBAbe倍数比较级thanBAbe倍数（由某些形容词变化而来的）n.ofBIm not goin
29、g out with a man whos twice as old as me. 我不愿意和一个年纪比我大一倍的男人一起参加社交活动。We got three times as many people as expected. 来的人超过我们预料人数的两倍。Youre not half as clever as you think you are. 你可不像自己想像的一半那么聪明。高手过招单项填空What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is it is long. （ 原创）A. half not as wide as B.
30、wide not as half as C. not half as wide as D. as wide as not half 解析：选C。考查倍数表达法。表达倍数的结构应该是：A+ be+倍数+as+ adj.+ as +B。as. as中间是形容词或副词的原级，而不可以是比较级或最高级。15. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。keep .free from 无的；免于；摆脱（常用作表语、后置定语或补语）联想拓展be free to do sth. 自由地做，随意地做set sb. free 释放某人get/give sth. for free免费得到/赠送a smokefree room/area无烟室/区free of charge免费高手过招完成句子用这个东西把桌子罩住，免得有灰尘落在上面。 the table dirty by putting a cover over it.答案:Keep; free from
