1、限制性定语从句语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.I know youre dying to hear all about my life here，so Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.2.The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.3.We walked for two and a half hours to ge
2、t therefirst up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.4.The only possessions I could see were one broom，a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.1.所有例句中黑体部分都是限制性定语从句。2.例句1中黑体部分包括两个定语从句：which引导的定语从句修饰表物的先行词some photos，在从句中作主语；I ta
3、lk about是省略了关系代词 that/which(在从句中作宾语)的定语从句，修饰表物的先行词the places。3.例句2中黑体部分为who引导的定语从句修饰表人的先行词The boys，who在从句中作主语。4.例句3中黑体部分为from where引导的定语从句修饰表物的先行词a ridge。5.例句4中黑体部分为省略了关系代词that(在从句中作宾语)的定语从句，修饰表物的先行词The only possessions。一、定语从句的相关概念1定语从句在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2先行词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
4、关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：(1)连接定语从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。4限制性定语从句用来修饰和限制先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切，它所修饰的先行词代表一个(些)或一类特指的人或物，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果去掉，则意思含混不清。She is the girl that you want to know.(限制性定语从句)她是你想认识的女孩。He seems not to have grasped what I meant
5、，which greatly upsets me.(非限制性定语从句)他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我很心烦。即时训练1用适当的关系词填空The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2017.The little girl that/whom/who I spoke to just now is my sister.二、关系代词的基本用法关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语、表语that人或物主语、宾语、表语as人或物主语、宾语、表语w
6、hose人或物定语The old man (who/whom/that) we visited yesterday is a famous artist.我们昨天拜访的那位老人是位著名的艺术家。Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.王小姐正在照顾一个父母去了北京的小孩。This is the textbook (that /which) he is looking for.这就是他正在找的课本。名师点津定语从句中的主谓一致当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持
7、一致，但要注意以下几点：先行词是“one of复数名词”结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如有the very，the only，the first，the last，the right等修饰one时，谓语动词用单数。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。She is the only one of the girls who studies hard.她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的。即时训练2用适当的关系词填空I live next do
8、or to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.Well reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.三、使用关系代词的注意事项1who可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语，也可省略。如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提前只能用whom。This is the pilot (who/whom) I bought a camera for. This is the pilot for whom I bought
9、 a camera.这个就是我给他买照相机的飞行员。2whose既表示人又表示物，在从句中作定语，往往修饰名词，whose常表达“某人的、某物的”之意。whose表示物时，whose名词the名词of which。Please pass me the book whose cover(the cover of which) is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3指物时用that而不用which的情况(1)当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，something，none，few，little，much等不定代词时。All (that) the gradu
10、ate lacks is practice.那位毕业生缺少的只是实践。(2)当先行词被very，both，the only，all等修饰时。This is the only coat that I have.这是我拥有的唯一的外套。(3)当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰或序数词修饰时。This is the most attractive match that I have watched.这是我所看过的比赛中最吸引人的一场。(4)当并列的两个先行词(分别表示人和物时)被同一个从句修饰时，关系代词用that。She took photos of people and things (that) s
11、he was interested in.她给她所感兴趣的人和物拍照。(5)主句是以who，which，what开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句一般用that引导，不用who或which。Who was the person that helped the girl out?帮助那个女孩摆脱困境的是谁？(6)当关系代词在从句中作表语时，常用that。Your disease is not the case that it used to be.你的病已经不是过去的情况了。4用as引导限制性定语从句的情况(1)such名词as.“像一样的”Do you have such books as we l
12、ike?你有我们喜欢的那种书吗？(2)the same名词as.“和同样”Its the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.他/她就是我们昨天要找的人。(3)as形容词名词as.“像一样的”She will marry as wealthy a man as she can find.她将嫁给一个她能找到的有钱人。5用“介词关系代词”引导定语从句的情况有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成“介词关系代词”结构，关系代词可以用which，whose，whom，不可以用that。其选择依据如下：(1)根据定语从句中动词或形容词等的习惯搭配。
13、I bought a great many books on which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。(2)依据与先行词的搭配。This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(3)根据所表达的意义。This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。即时训练3用适当的关系词填空Please send us all the information that you ha
14、ve about the candidate for the position.In our class there are 46 students，of whom half wear glasses.She is such a nice girl as we all like.四、关系副词的基本用法关系副词when，why，where在定语从句中分别代替表示时间、原因、地点的先行词，并分别在从句中作时间、原因、地点状语。另外关系副词也可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成“介词关系代词”的结构。关系副词被代替的先行词在从句中的作用when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why
15、表示原因的名词(只用reason)原因状语We dont know the exact time when(at which) the English Evening will be held.我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。(时间状语)Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。(地点状语)Is this the reason why(for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？(原因状语)名师点津先行词是time的情况当先行词是time时，若time表示“次数”，应用
16、that引导定语从句，并且that可以省略；若time表示“一段时间”讲，应用when或“at/duringwhich”引导定语从句。This is the second time (that) the president has visited the country.这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家。This is a time when/during which there were no radios，no telephones or no TV sets.这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时代。即时训练4用适当的关系词填空The next day，my brother and
17、 I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.We dont know the reason why they didnt keep their promise.五、使用关系副词的注意事项1当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句不能用how来引导，应该用that或in which，或省略不用。We admire t
18、he way (that/in which) he solved the problem.我们敬佩他解决这一问题的方式。2表示抽象地点的名词(case，scene，situation，condition，life，point等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。There are cases where(in which) the word “mighty” is used as an adverb.在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。3occasion，period等作先行词时，且从句中缺少时间状语，常用关系副词when。There are occa
19、sions when(on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。(时间状语)即时训练5用适当的关系词填空Today well discuss some cases where parents have difficulty in communicating with their kids.The way that he looks at problems is wrong.Describe an occasion when you had to give a presentation to an audience.单句语法填空1That is the gir
20、l to whom you talked just now.2Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate?3Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.4The main school holidays are from MidDecember till early February when the days are long and warm.5It
21、 is the first American film that Ive ever seen.6Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.7She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which/that allows them to communicate freely with each other.8Nowadays people are more concerned about
22、 the environment where they live.9Do you know the reason why he was so sorry?10The English play in which my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.用限制性定语从句合并句子1I invited the boys.Some of the boys didnt come.Some of the boys whom/who/that I invited didnt come./I invited the boys，so
23、me of whom didnt come.2We are living in an age.Many things are done on computers in the age.We are living in an age when many things are done on computers.3A modern city has been set up in the place.The place was a wasteland ten years ago.A modern city has been set up in the place which was a wasteland ten years ago.4Working conditions are difficult in the place.Id like to go there.Id like to go to the place where working conditions are difficult.5He often helps the students.He thinks they are not quick at their studies.He often helps the students who he thinks are not quick at their studies.
