1、Module 5The Conquest of the Universe基础自主回顾.课标单词1_(adj.)历史性的，有重大历史意义的2_(v.)目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历3_(v.)爆炸4_(v.)看，观察5_(v.)承认；认为6_(adj.)任意的；随机的7_(n.)失败8_(v.)指责historicwitnessburstviewacknowledgerandomdefeataccuse9_(v.)起誓保证10_(n.)(刚提及的两个人或物之中的后一个，第二个)11_(n.)部分12_(v.)预知；预见13_(n.)帮助14_(adj.)丰富的；广泛的15_(n.)同情；同情心swea
2、rlatterdivisionforeseeaidbroadsympathy16_(adj.)一致的；吻合的17_(n.)尊贵；尊严18_(adj.)剧烈的；激烈的19_(adj.)稳定的；安定的20_(adj.)最高超的；最优的21_(v.)咨询；请教22_(adj.)习惯的_(vt.)使习惯23_(v.)假定，假设_(n.)假定，假设consistentdignityacutestablesupremeconsultaccustomedaccustomassumeassumption24_(n.)耐心_(adj.)耐心的_(adv.)耐心地25_(adj.)高级的，先进的_(vt.&vi.
3、&n.)前进；取得进展；推进；增进26_(v.)依靠；取决于_(n.)_(adj.)依靠的；依赖的27_(n.)安慰；宽慰_(vt.)减轻；救济；解除28_(n.)忠诚_(vt.)奉献；致力于patiencepatientpatientlyadvancedadvancedependdependencedependentreliefrelievedevotiondevote.常用短语1_成功；及时到达，赶上2_不管3_祈望；祈求4_习惯于5_开始做；着手进行6_踏上7_依靠，指望make itin spite ofpray forbe accustomed toset out to doset
4、foot ondepend on/upon8_令某人悲伤的是9_与一致10_指责某人某事11_与相似的12_一系列的；一连串的13_来帮某人14_在一开始的时候to ones sorrowbe consistent withaccuse sb. of (doing) sthbe similar toa series ofcome to ones aidat the very beginning of.重点句型1The world was in shockmaybe they assumed this space flight would be _ dangerous _ getting on
5、an aeroplane.全世界都震惊了也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。答案：no more; than2.little _ he know what impact he was going to make.他根本不知道他将要造成多大的轰动。答案：did3_， both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that.尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想答案：Incredible as
6、 it may seem.模块语法1. _seems strange to us is _ the troublesome boy is getting along well with all his teachers.A. It；thatB. What；howC. It；how D. What；that答案与解析：D本题考查名词性从句的用法。句意：让我们很奇怪的是，这个讨厌的男孩和他所有的老师相处得都很融洽。why引导了一个主语从句：that引导了一个表语从句。2_troubles me most is _I cant learn all these English idioms by he
7、art.A. What；that B. That；whatC. What；what D. That；that答案与解析：A本题考查名词性从句的用法。what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，该从句意思是“最使我感到麻烦的是”；that引导表语从句，that引导名词性从句时，不作任何成分。3Nobody believed his reason for being late for his class _ his bicycle had broken down halfway.A. why B. becauseC. that D. which答案与解析：C本题考查that引导同位语从句的用法。tha
8、t引导的从句作reason的同位语。4_she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What；why B. That；whatC. What；because D. Why；that答案与解析：A本题考查名词性从句的用法。what引导了主语从句并在从句中作宾语；why引导了表语从句并在从句中作原因状语。5_has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. ThatC. How D. Wh
9、oever答案与解析：D本题考查whoever引导主语从句的用法。whoever引导主语从句，强调“无论是谁”。考点探究解密考 点 解 读1accustomed adj.经常的，惯常的Li Hua is accustomed to working hard.精讲拓展：accustom vt.(与介词to连用)使习惯于，使适应accustom oneself/sb. to使自己/某人习惯于；养成的习惯be accustomed to习惯于(表示状态)become/get accustomed to习惯于(不延续的动作)be used to习惯于be in the habit of习惯于朗文在线：
10、He was accustomed to a life of luxury.他习惯了奢华的生活。It took a while for me to accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations.我经过了一段时间才逐渐适应了所有新的规章制度。命题方向：accustomed作形容词的用法和所构成的句型，有可能在高考单项填空和完形填空中考查。活学巧练：(1)They had to _ (使习惯) themselves to the hot weather in the south.答案：(1)accustom(2)Somehow, I co
11、uldnt _ (适应)the school life here.答案：(2)get accustomed to(3)They will soon become_accustomed_to speaking English in class.(替换)_答案：(3)be used to(4)我不习惯这么早起床。翻译：_答案：(4)Im not accustomed to getting up so early.(5)他们将很快适应在课堂上讲英语。翻译：_答案：(5)They will soon get/become accustomed to speaking English in class.
12、(6)他们不得不使自己习惯南方炎热的天气。翻译：_ 答案：(6)They had to accustom themselves to the hot weather in the south.2assume v(1)假定，假设，认为；(2)承担(责任)，取得(权力)，就职；(3)呈现(外观，样子)，显露(特征)；(4)假装，装出精讲拓展：assume the worst 向最坏处打算assume for 假设assume that 从句，假定assumed adj. 假定的，假设的assumption n. 假定，假设，承担责任，担任 provided ( that ) /providing
13、( that).如果只有assume sb. to be 认为某人朗文在线：Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.我们暂时假设计划成功。The court assumed responsibility for the girls education.法庭承担了保障这些女孩受教育的责任。The matter has assumed importance.这件事看来相当重要。He assumed a feeling of sorrow.他假装很悲伤。活学巧练：I hope to go to college next year，_I pa
14、ss the exams.AassumedBassumeCassuming Dto assume答案与解析：C句意：我希望明年上大学，认为我能通过考试。assuming 在句中作伴随状语，且与主句形成主谓关系。3acknowledge vt.承认；公认为；认为；对表示感谢，答谢，致谢；表明已收到I acknowledge the truth of his statement.精讲拓展：acknowledge ones defeat承认失败It is universally acknowledge that.是大家所公认的acknowledge the applause谢幕acknowledge
15、d adj.公认的acknowledgely adv.公认地acknowledgment n承认，承认书；感谢词语辨析：admit，acknowledge与confessadmit通常指因外界压力、良心或判断而承认某事的存在或真实性，含“不情愿”之意。acknowledge指“公开承认”，常用于过去隐瞒或否认之事。confess看重承认自己的过错或罪恶，因此有“忏悔”“坦白”的含义。朗文在线：Do you acknowledge that youve been wrong?你承认是你错了吗？Tom was widely acknowledged to be the honest student
16、 in our class.汤姆被认为是班里最诚实的学生。The company acknowledged the receipt of the goods.公司来函告知货物已收到。活学巧练：(1)普遍认为他是世界最佳运动员。He is widely _ the best player in the world.He is widely _ the best player in the world._he is the best player in the world.答案：acknowledged to be; acknowledged as; It is acknowledged that
17、(2)We _with thanks your timely aid when we were in trouble.Aattributed BknowledgeCacknowledged Dpromised答案与解析：C句意：我们对你的及时帮助表示深深谢意；attribute“对贡献”；knowledge n“知识”；promise“许诺”。4consult vi.& vt.(1)咨询，请教；(2)(与某人)商议，商量(以得到许可或帮助决策)；(3)查阅，查询，参看精讲拓展：consultant n顾问consultation n咨询，请教；磋商consult sb.s convenienc
18、e/wishes考虑到某人的方便/愿望consult a doctor about ones illness找医生看病consult reference books/the dictionary翻阅参考书/查词典refer to the dictionary/look up the word in the dictionary查字典consult ones watch 看手表consult sb.s feelings 尊重某人的感情consult with sb. 与某人商量，与某人磋商consult sb. about sth. 请教某人某事朗文在线：Have you consulted y
19、our doctor about your disease?关于你的病情你问过医生了吗？He consulted with me about his business future.关于他的业务的下一步打算他和我商讨过。He has consulted many medical books.他查阅过很多医书。活学巧练：Dont _your dictionary when you do this exercise.Aconsult Blook upCinsult Dresult答案与解析：Aconsult the dictionary“查字典”，与look up the word in a di
20、ctionary意思相同；insult vt.“侮辱，辱骂”；result n“结果，成果，后果”。5accuse vt.指责精讲拓展：accuse sb. of.指控某人the accused被告accusation n控告，告发；指控朗文在线：He was accused of murder.他被指控犯了谋杀罪。The report accused the government of shirking its responsibilities.报告指责政府推卸责任。His neighbor accused him of playing the musical instrument too
21、loudly.邻居指责他乐器弹奏的声音太吵了。词语辨析：accuse与chargeaccuse指“当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法庭”。charge指“因犯较大错误或重大罪行而进行正式法律控诉”。二者的用法搭配不同：accuse sb. of sth.; charge sb. with sth.She accused him of stealing her watch.她控告他偷她的表。The police are going to charge him with murder.警察要控告他杀人。命题方向：accuse为新课标重点词汇，该词与其名词形式accusation有可能以词义辨析的形式出现
22、在高考单项填空或完形填空中。活学巧练：介/副词填空(1)Her son was accused _ cheating by the police.答案：of(2)(2009四川南充模拟)The soldier was _ of running away when the enemy attacked.A. scolded B. chargedC. accused D. punished答案与解析：C考查动词辨析。可从介词角度考虑：scold和punish与for连用；charge作“控告”讲时，与with连用，故这三词均被排除。accuse用法为accuse sb. of (doing) st
23、h.。6relief n安慰；宽慰精讲拓展：to ones relief使某人感到宽慰的是a relief fund救济金give relief to sb.s sorrow减轻某人的悲伤relieve vt.减轻；换班；救济；调剂relieve ones feelings发泄感情relieve sb. of sth.替某人拿重物；帮助某人减轻(负担)朗文在线：Much to my relief/To my great relief, her injuries were only slight.她的伤势很轻，这使我大为放心。This medicine will give/bring you s
24、ome relief.这药会减轻你一些痛苦。Let me relieve you of that heavy parcel/of some of the housework.我来帮你拿这好沉的一大包东西吧/我来帮你做些家务吧。命题方向：relief和其动词形式relieve有可能以词义辨析的形式出现在高考单项填空和完形填空中。活学巧练：To our great _， Geoffreys illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.Aanxiety BreliefCView Djudgment答案与解析：B根据句意，病情不是那样严重，
25、使人“宽慰”。7make it成功；及时到达，赶上；能参加精讲拓展：make it big大获成功make it through熬过，挺过make ittime就定为某时间吧；看表是时候make it up to sb.给某人补偿make it up with sb.和某人和解；和某人言归于好朗文在线：If we run, we should make it.如果跑着去的话，我们应该还能赶得上。I dont know how Im going to make it through the day.我不知道我将如何熬过这一天。The other day I had a quarrel with
26、Tom, but now I have made it up with him.前几天我和汤姆吵架了，但现在我和他已和好如初了。活学巧练：He got the first prize in his math contest.Yes，I wondered how he did _.A. make to it B. make toC. make successes D. make it答案与解析：D考查固定短语make it成功做某事。句意：他在数学竞赛中获得一等奖。是的，对他是如何做到的，我感到奇怪。8An ordinary teacher, Christa McAuliffe,37，who w
27、as married with two children, was to be the first civilian in space.一位37岁的普通教师克里斯塔麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的普通公民，她已经结婚并有两个孩子。Christa McAuliffe与an ordinary teacher是同位语；37与who引导的非限制性定语从句都是来修饰、限定、解释与说明an ordinary teacher的。动词不定式短语：to be the first civilian in space在句中作表语，表示“有安排意向或者目的打算。”My brother is to be married
28、.我哥哥打算要结婚。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始工作。误区警示：(1)动词不定式作表语一般表示具体的动作，特别是表示将来的动作。(2)主语是动词不定式(表条件)，表语也是不定式(表结果)。(3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明的作用。(4)be about to do表主客观未实现的意图。(不与具体时间连用)(5)expect，int
29、end，hope，mean，plan，promise，suppose，think，want，wish后接动词不定式表示愿望或想法。(6)had better/would rather后接省略to的不定式，表示建议或愿望。活学巧练：(1)The most important thing is _ with them about the future of the factory.A. to negotiate B. negotiateC. negotiating D. negotiated答案与解析：A句意：最重要的是与他们商讨一下这个工厂的将来。此空是选表语，故用动词不定式作表语，表将来且对主
30、语进行补充说明。(2)To work means _.A. to earn a living B. earn a livingC. earning a living D. earned a living答案与解析：A主语是动词不定式表条件，表语也应当是动词不定式来表示结果。9复习名词性从句根据从句在复合句中所充当的成分，可以分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。(1)主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，引导主语从句的连接词有：who, that, which, what, when, where, how, whether, why, whichever, whatever等，其句
31、型结构可以分为以下几种：It主句谓语部分连接词主语从句It is known to all that we love peace.众所周知，我们热爱和平。What主语及物动词谓语主句谓语部分What he said is right.他的话很对。Whoever/Whatever/Whichever主语从句主句谓语部分Whoever wants to go may go at once.不论谁想走，现在就可以走。注意：that从句作主语时，that无意义，但不能省略；但作宾语时that可省略。whether既可引导主语从句也可引导宾语从句，但if不可引导主语从句。(2)表语从句表语从句在复合句中
32、作主句的表语，其结构为“主语系动词连词(that/if/whether)/连接代词/连接副词“，引导表语从句的连接代词有who, whom, which, whose, what；连接副词有when, where, why, how等。This is why Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA in 1933.这就是爱因斯坦和他的家人于1933年离开欧洲去美国的原因。This is what he wants.这正是他想要的东西。(3)宾语从句在复合句中，作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致
33、一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。用who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，但句子要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉你什么了。注意宾语从句中的时态呼应。当主句是现在时态，从句根据句子的自身情况，可使用不同时态；当主句是过去时态，从句要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象等时，从句仍用现在
34、时态。I know (that) he will study English next year.我知道他明年将学习英语。The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开我们去美国了。(4)同位语从句同位语从句主要用于对某一特定名词所表示的具体内容作进一步的解释或说明，从句与前面的名词之间是同位关系，这一名词在从句中不充当任何成分。同位语从句除了可以用that引导以外，还可以用whether, when, where或why引导。The news that he has come is true.他已来了的消息是
35、真的。I have no idea when they will come to visit China again.我不知道他们将何时再访问中国。注意：同位语从句中的that不作句子成分，但不能省略。活学巧练：(1)(2009潍坊12月检测)Later they discovered，_ was news to him，that Pamela was the headmasters daughter.Athat BwhichCwhat Dwho答案与解析：Cwhatthe thing that。若用which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的意思，则which不能放在主句之前，或
36、插入到主句中间，只能放在主句之后。(2)(2007安徽)You can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.Athat; what Bwhat; /Cwhich; that D/; that答案：B(3)(2007上海)The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.Awhen BwhyCwhether Dt
37、hat答案：D(4)I havent seen her_the time_she had the accident.Afor; that Bsince; whenCsince; as Dfor; when答案与解析：Bthe time是点时间，故不能用介词for；the time之后用when引导定语从句。(5)See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning.Awhen BwhichCwhere Dwhat答案：D考 题 演 练 1.(2009北京卷)At first he hated the new j
38、ob but decided to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better.A. when B. howC. why D. if答案与解析：Dif在此引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。2(2009湖北卷)Would you please _ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?A. look around B. look intoC. look up D. look through答案与解析：Dlook around/round环顾，四下察看；look
39、into调查，向里面看；look up查阅；抬头往上看；look through快速查看，浏览。由后面的and see if there are any obvious mistakes可知，空格处应表示“快速看一下”。3(2009江西卷)The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. whichC. that D. though答案与解析：C分析句式结构可知此处缺少同位语从句的引导词，从句意义、结构均完整，所以选that。4(2009四川
40、卷)I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy _.A. one B. itC. this D. that答案与解析：B代替前面提到的事物用it；one泛指一类中的任何一个。此时it代替前面的this house。5(2008江苏卷)They are quiet, arent they?Yes. They are accustomed _ at meals.A. to talk B. to not talkC. to talking D. to not talki
41、ng答案与解析：Dbe accustomed to习惯于，to为介词，后接名词或动名词；由句意可知表示否定意义，故选D项。6(2008重庆卷)People in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved in the past ten years.A. that B. whichC. what D. how答案与解析：Cwhat引导名词性从句，同时充当achieved的宾语。7(2008上海卷)As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about _ he will do or think.A.
42、 what B. whichC. whom D. that答案与解析：Aguess about表示“猜测”，其后跟的应该是宾语从句。由于do or think为及物动词短语，故空格处既要引导宾语从句，又要在从句中作宾语使用，故可排除that；由于没有明确的范围，故可排除which；从句意看该处应指物而不指人，故可排除whom。8(2009安徽卷)We can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world.A. a；a B. a；theC. the；a D. the；the答案与解析：A句意：如果我们不创造一个减少
43、环境污染的世界，我们永远不会期望拥有一个更蓝的天空。根据句意，“a bluer sky”“a less polluted world”为可数名词且表示泛指，所以都用不定冠词。9(2009湖北卷)His efforts to raise money for his program were _ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.A. in place B. in sightC. in effect D. in vain答案与解析：Din place在适当的位置；in sight在视力所及
44、范围之内；in effect实际上；in vain徒劳。由状语从句中的no one showed any intention可知，他筹钱的努力失败了。Module 5The Conquest of the Universe.单词拼写1. May we offer our deepest s_ on the death of your wife?2. Police have appealed for anyone who w_ the incident to contact them.3. He a_ Darth Vader of killing his father.4. The word “
45、explode”means “to b_ with a lot of force and loud noise.”5. Most of the a_ nouns are uncountable.sympathieswitnessedaccusedburstabstract6. The score is _(假设) to represent the achievement of an average 7yearold boy.7. She explained the question to the boy 5 times with great _(耐心)8. You did that _(故意地
46、)，just to annoy me.9. The 17th National Congress of the CPC is a _(具有历史意义的)meeting, which is to have a great effect on our life.10. He says he was there all the time, but I _(发誓)I never saw him.assumedpatiencedeliberatelyhistoricswear.单项填空1If you feel tired and sick of fat food，that is _you have to
47、go to the hospital for a medical examination.AwhyBwhenCwhether Dwhat答案与解析：B理解句意可判断答案是B项：when引导表语从句，表示“的时间/时候”。2As the economy develops, the national income goes up with a _.Abeep BpeepCleap Dheap答案与解析：Cbeep嘟嘟的声音； 警笛声； (电子装置发出的)短促而清晰的信号声， peep n窥视；偷看； leap n飞跃；跃进；骤变；激增，heap n. (一)堆，堆积； 大量，许多。根据句意可知答案
48、是C项。3I know nothing about her except _she is from Canada.Ahow BwhenCthat Dwhy答案与解析：Cthat引导介词宾语从句，that只起引导作用，本身没有什么含义。4After five days climbing in the mountain, they reached _they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of.Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhat答案与解析：D分析题目结构可知they thought是插入语，题目后半部分从句缺少主语，故排除A，B项
49、，C项which在表义上不合适。5To our _， we can see Tom, our best friend, is beginning to recover from the wound.Adisappointment BsorrowCrelief Dterror答案与解析：C理解句意可知Tom正开始康复，这是令人感到放心和欣慰的事情，故排除A, B, D 三项。6Not _to the cold weather there, he had to come back home again.Aaccustoming BaccustomedCbeing accustomed Dto ac
50、customed答案与解析：B句意：由于不适应那里的寒冷天气，他不得不再次返回家。本题考查过去分词作原因状语。7My friend wouldnt tell me _his new car.Adid he pay how much forBhe paid how much forChow much he paid forDhow much did he pay for答案与解析：C英语中宾语从句语序是陈述语序，当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时，原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how)，引导宾语从句
51、。8One of the chairs is _. Put it back _.Aout of the position; in positionBout of place; in placeCout of the position; in the positionDinto a position; out of a position答案与解析：Bout of place(out of position)不在适当的/正确的位置；不得体，不适当，in place(in position) 在适当/正确的位置；准备妥当。根据句意可知答案是B项。9I could hear the rain _aga
52、inst the windows.Awas beating Bwas defeatingCwas striking Dwas hitting答案与解析：A本题考查词语辨析：defeat，beat作“打败”解时beat与defeat的宾语是“人”；defeat的宾语常指“敌人”，在“游戏或比赛”中则用beat，作“打”之意时，beat强调“连续地打”；hit表示“打一下”；而strike则表示“一次有力的打击”，理解句意可判断答案是A项。10After the explosion, the policemen did a lot of work to find out some clues fr
53、om the _.Alookerson BviewersCpeople Dwitnesses答案与解析：Dlookeron旁观者，viewer观看者；参观者；电视观众；观众，witness目击者；见证人。理解句意可判断答案是D项。11In the Spring Festival children feel like _firecrackers very much.Asetting off Bsetting outCsetting foot on Dgiving off答案与解析：Aset off出发， 动身；使爆炸，set out开始，set foot on到达，give off 散发。理解句
54、意可判断答案是A项。12This textbook is for the _students, not for the beginners.Aobservation BtransportationCadvanced Dtransfer答案与解析：C分析题目可知空格处所填的词应与beginner形成对比，故答案是C项：advanced a. 高级的，高等的。13There are two rooms on the first floor，_is used as a guest room.Aa smaller of which Ba smaller of themCthe smaller of w
55、hich Dthe smaller of them答案与解析：C本题考查非限制性定语从句，故排除B, D两项； 分析题目可知在一楼有两间房子，较小一间，表特指，故应用定冠词the，因此答案是C项。14Youve booked a four oclock flight?What chance _of taking an earlier plane?Athere is Bis itCthere it is Dis there答案与解析：D句型There is a chance of 有可能，本题考查该句型应用于特殊疑问句的语序。15_your savings so fast, or youll e
56、nd up as a beggar.AStop to spend BTo stop to spendCStop spending DStopping spending答案与解析：C题目结构是“祈使句or陈述句”， 句意为“不要大手大脚地乱花钱，否则你最终会成为乞丐的。”根据句意可以判断答案是C项。.翻译句子1在这一学期的开始，他对足球特感兴趣。(at the very beginning)_答案：At the very beginning of this term, he showed great interest in football.2今天晚上很可能下雪。(be likely to)_答
57、案：It is very likely to snow tonight.3我新买的这本书与她的相似。(be similar to)_答案：The new book I bought recently is similar to hers.4这些建筑物亟待修葺。(in a state of)_答案：These buildings are in a bad state of repair.5But the whole world is shrinking into a small village as globalization(全球化) takes effect and many differe
58、nt cultures are disappearing._答案：因为全球化的影响，许多不同的文化也正在消失，整个世界正在缩减成一个小村庄。.阅读理解In 2004, NASAs Opportunity rover found evidence in Martian (火星的) soils that water had once flowed across the surface there, arousing hopes that the red planet may once have supported primitive life.But a new study throws_some
59、_cold_water,_and a big pinch of salt, on those hopes. “Liquid water is required by all species on Earth and weve assumed that water is the very least that would be necessary for life on Mars，” said study team member Nicholas J. Tosca, a Harvard University postdoctoral researcher. “However, to really
60、 assess Mars habitability we need to consider the properties of its water. Not all of Earths waters are able to support life, and the limits of terrestrial (地球上的) life are sharply defined by waters temperature, acidity and salinity.”Tosca and his team analyzed salt deposits in the 4billionyearold Ma
61、rtian rock investigated by Opportunity. The new analysis shows that the water that would have flowed across these ancient Martian rocks may have been very salty. “Our sense has been that while Mars is a bad environment for supporting life today, long ago it might have more closely resembled Earth，”
62、said Andrew HKnoll, also of Harvard and on the study team. “But this result suggests quite strongly that even as long as four billion years ago, the surface of Mars would have been challenging for life. No matter how far back we peer into Mars history, we may never see a point at which the planet re
63、ally looked like Earth.”The research was presented in February at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Boston. Halophiles, or organisms that can tolerate highsalinity waters, are known to exist in places on Earth，but they likely evolved from organisms that
64、 lived in purer waters, scientists think, making it unlikely that life would actually arise initially in extremely briny (多盐分的) waters.The high salinity, however, “doesnt rule out life forms of a type weve never encountered，” Knoll added, “but life that could originate and persist in such a salty se
65、tting would require biochemistry distinct from any known among even the most robust halophiles on Earth.” Knoll and Tosca also say the finding doesnt rule out the possibility that less salty waters once flowed on the planet. The best title of the passage is_. A. Mars Perhaps Too Salty for Life B. Sa
66、lt Water on Mars C. Life on Mars D. Research About Life on Mars答案与解析：A主旨大意题。本篇文章主要说明“机遇号”探测器在火星土壤中发现有水流过火星表面之后，一个研究组织发现这些水的含盐量很高，可能不适合生命的存在。所以选A项。 2. What does the author mean by saying “throws some cold water” in the second paragraph? A. A new study let the researchers down. B. A new study proves t
67、he former hope does not work. C. It proved that there exists life. D. We should analyze the hope calmly.答案与解析：D词义猜测题。前面说到人们对火星上曾存在生命充满着希望，后面说到可能水含盐量太高不适合生命的存在。这里的意思是这个研究给这个希望浇了冷水，意思是要冷静分析，不要太乐观。3. According to Andrew H. Knoll, the study suggests that_. A. the surface of Mars was not suitable for lif
68、e even long ago B. the surface of Mars was not like the surface of the Earth C. long ago the surface of Mars looked like the surface of the Earth D. the surface of the Earth is bad for life答案与解析：A细节理解题。文章第五段说到even as long as four billion years ago，the surface of Mars would have been challenging for
69、life。故应选A项。4. From the passage we can know that_. A. there is possibility that there once exist less salty waters on the Mars B. no life existed on the surface of the Mars C. life on the Mars disappeared 40 billion years ago D. high salty water on the Mars stops life coming into being答案与解析：A推理判断题。文章
70、最后一句表明这个发现并不能排除火星上曾经有淡水流过。故推断选A项。.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(辽宁省葫芦岛市第一高级中学2010届高三上学期第一次月考)Parents and doctors have the same worry over especially low birthweight newborns. _1_ A trend has therefore developed to make special formulas(配方)of extra nutrients and proteinrich foods for t
71、hese tiny babies. Unfortunately, a British study has found that this practice could have negative long term effects, such as high blood pressure in adulthood. Between 1993 and 1995，Atul Singhal of the Institute of Child Health and his colleagues researched 299 fullterm newborns, each of whom weighed
72、 very little for their age. The babies moms had decided not to breastfeed(用母乳喂养). _2_ The rest received a formula with more nutrients and 28 percent more protein than the standard formula. The growth of all of these children was compared to that of 175 similarly low birthweight babies whose mothers
73、had chosen to breastfeed their children for their first 9 months. _3_ They found 83 babies from the normalformula group, 70 babies from the extraformula group, and 95 babies from the breast fed group. _4_ According to the latest data, children who had received the extra formula had significantly hig
74、her blood pressures than those in the other two groups. Seven human test have indeed shown that when infants are overfed before being stopped breastfeeding, they have an increased possibility to become fat as youngsters. No matter how big a child is at birth, he or she will probably reach the same a
75、dult height no matter how quickly the baby grows. But reaching ones adult size at a slowtomoderate speed may have a lot of benefits, as Singhal says. _5_A. Half of these children were given a normal infant(幼儿)formula for 9 months.B. When they grow up, they might have high blood pressure. C. These ba
76、bies have very little energy because they are so small. D. Six to eight years later, the researchers gave the children a series of measurements and tests. E. The results were quite surprising. F. Tiny babies will grow much slower if they are not specially fed. G. His advice to parents: Be patient. Dont rush a childs growth. 答案：15CADEG
