1、40分阅读理解提分练(四)阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A2022广州市高三年级调研测试Entering adulthood is an important step in everyones life. It means that a young person must soon leave childishness behind and start to shoulder grownup responsibilities.In Germany, “Jugendfeier” is a
2、comingofage ceremony for 14yearolds. They go to school to prepare for the occasion, studying lessons with topics like cultural respect and social responsibility, which will help them become worthy citizens. The hope is that the young people taking part in the ceremony will take on these values for t
3、hemselves.In Latin America, a “quinceanera” is a celebration for girls on their 15th birthday, marking a girls entry into womanhood. In the past, a “quinceanera” was intended to ready girls for marriage and they were taught cooking, sewing and other household skills in preparation. Today, its simila
4、r to how ones 18th birthday is considered an important day in other cultures.In India, the sacred thread ceremony is performed when a boy is grownup. He is given three sacred threads representing three promises he makes: to respect knowledge, to respect his parents and to respect society. After the
5、ceremony, the boy, traditionally, leaves his family to live with a guru (teacher). At this point the boy becomes “twice born”first his physical birth and second his intellectual birth through the teachers care.In Vanuatu, young boys come of age by jumping off a 98foottall tower with a bungeelike rop
6、e tied to their ankles, just barely preventing them from hitting the ground. At the ceremony, the boys mother will hold something representing his childhood, and after the jump the item will be thrown away, representing the end of childhood. He is now a man, ready to protect the family.1What is the
7、shared expectation of the four comingofage ceremonies?AHaving respect for knowledge.BGetting ready to raise a family.CAcquiring crosscultural awareness.DDeveloping a sense of responsibility.2Which app might appeal to people entering adulthood in Germany?3In which place are things with special meanin
8、gs given to the young attendants?AGermany. BLatin America.CIndia. DVanuatu.B2022沈阳市高三教学质量检测(一)Javas Cafe is a fundamental extension of the Rochester experience, opening its arms to comfort coffee, tea, and dessert lovers alike. For the typical UR students, the Javas on Gibbs St. has become a place o
9、f solace during stressful testing times, and on more heartwarming occasions, a social hub.Slowly approaching its thirties, Javas has enjoyed a good reputation in the local area. In 1978, Java Joe created a coffee farm in Hawaii. With great dedication to his craft, the great master of coffee beans ma
10、de his way to Rochester then. In 1992, Joe decided to start selling coffee at the Public Market and opened up a store on Gibbs St. with the help of Michael Calabrese. This location, next to the Eastman School of Music, is the first of many shops Java Joe opened. As a lover of the blues, Joe enthusia
11、stically decorated this flagship store with artistic and musical influence.After this Gibbs location, Joe planted Java Joes where he was first starting outat the Public Market. Later, Java Joes moved to a nearby building, and received a name changeJavas at the Market Coffee Roasters. This building s
12、erved as a place where those who visited would often catch a glimpse of Joe skillfully roasting his coffee beans in the dancing flames and cultivating his drinks with care. However, in 1997 he licensed Calabrese to run “Java Joes”， who then renamed the Gibbs Cafe to what we know todayJavas Cafe.Joe
13、remained in the Public Market location until he was diagnosed with a brain tumor. Joe died of lung cancer at 68. The influence he had poured into his business is wellknown and highly regarded. He won many awards in his life.Next time you head down to Gibbs St. for your morning cup, keep in mind the
14、extraordinary story of how that cup came into being, all thanks to Java Joe.4What does the underlined word “solace” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?ATension. BAnxiety.CSafety. DRelief.5What is true about Javas Cafe on Gibbs St.?AThe name of the shop keeps unchanged up to now.BIt is popular with the loc
15、als and students as well.CJava Joe had the ownership of the shop in 1997.DIt is the flagship store that has won several awards.6What is special about Javas at the Market Coffee Roasters?AJoes speciallymade coffee beans.BIts superquality coffee and service.CJoes demonstration of coffeemaking skills.D
16、Its attraction to the music school students.7What is the text mainly about?AThe popularity of Javas Cafe.BThe development of the coffee industry.CThe contribution Joe made to Rochester.DThe founder and development of Javas Cafe.C2022南昌市一模 Cecilia Chiang, whose San Francisco restaurant, the Mandarin,
17、 introduced American diners in the 1960s to the richness and variety of authentic Chinese cuisine, died on Wednesday at her home in San Francisco. Ms. Chiang was not a chef, nor was she a likely candidate to run a restaurant. She was born near Shanghai in 1920 as the seventh daughter in a wealthy fa
18、mily. After her parents died, Cecilia managed the businesses finances while still in her teens. Ms. Chiang came to the United States from China to flee the Japanese during World War ， traveling nearly 700 miles on foot. Once in San Francisco, she met two Chinese acquaintances who wanted to open a re
19、staurant. Ms. Chiang agreed to put up large funds. But when the two women quit, Ms. Chiang found to her horror that the funds were not refundable (可退还的). She took a deep breath and decided to open the restaurant herself. “I began to think that if I could create a restaurant with Westernstyle service
20、 and the dishes that I was most familiar with the delicious food of China maybe my little restaurant would succeed，” she wrote in her book. The Mandarin, which was opened in 1962 as a 65seat restaurant, introduced customers to mainly Sichuan, Shanghai and Canton dishes. The early days were difficult
21、. But little by little, Chinese diners, and a few Americans, came regularly. Overnight the tables were filled and the restaurant became a huge success. Ms. Chiang continued to work as a restaurant consultant into her 90s. “I think I changed what average people know about Chinese food，” Ms. Chiang wr
22、ote. “They didnt know China was such a big country.”8When did Ms. Chiang start to manage the businesses finances ?AIn the 1920s. BIn the 1930s.CIn the 1950s. DIn the 1960s.9What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?AWhen Ms. Chiang came to the US.BHow Ms. Chiang earned her deposit.CWhat Ms. Chiang wro
23、te in her book.DWhy Ms. Chiang opened her restaurant.10What do we know about The Mandarin?AIt survived the early hardships.BIt provided all kinds of Chinese dishes.CIt could seat less than 60 people at first.DIt attracted many Americans once opened.11Which of the following can best describe Ms. Chia
24、ng?ASmart but stubborn.BDevoted and brave.CAdventurous but careless.DEnthusiastic and ambitious.D2022成都市高三第一次诊断性检测Humans ever spreading presence around the globe influences patterns of biological evolution in ways that we are just beginning to explore. On the Galapagos Islands, a body of evidence sh
25、ows that the effect of our presence is increasing.Luis F. De Len from the University of Massachusetts Boston, together with other 6 scientists spent two years observing Darwins finches (雀科小鸟) to evaluate our effects on their behavior. They started by conducting feeding observations on coexisting fin
26、ch species at sites that ranged from nonurban areas to urban areas. They also employed finchhuman interaction experiments to test whether and how finches respond to human presence. To measure whether finch feeding preferences varied with the degree of urbanization, “cafeteria” experiments were carri
27、ed outFinches were presented with a selection of human and native food items.The scientists found that Darwins finches fed almost on human foods like rice and cookies or introduced garden species at urban locations. In contrast, at nonurban sites, finches fed mainly on native plant species and insec
28、ts. Interaction tests suggest that urban birds get more accustomed to the presence of humans. Finally, at all sites of regular human presence, finches preferred human foods to natural foods.The researchers warn that exploiting urban environments might present challenges for organisms, including shor
29、ter lifespans brought by the consumption of highly processed foods. Furthermore, the yearround availability of abundant human foods in urban environments might affect ecological and evolutionary processes that promoted species diversity. While the results clearly show a shift to human foods at urban
30、 sites, the adaptive significance of that shift is still an open question.These findings also suggest that human behavior is the main driver of finch preference for human foods. The researchers propose a possibility that the effect of human behavior is facilitated by our tendency to feed birds, be i
31、t directly or inadvertently via food dropping or littering.12How did the scientists carry out the study?ABy carrying out experiments in labs.BBy training finches and observing results.CBy observing finches in natural conditions.D.By analyzing findings from previous experiments.13Which is probably fi
32、nches favorite food at nonurban sites frequently visited by humans?ARice.BAn insect.CThe fruit of a native plant.DThe seed of an introduced plant.14What does the underlined word in Paragraph 5 probably mean?AIllegally. BVoluntarily.CDeliberately. DUnintentionally.15What can we learn from the finding
33、s?A.All finches observed are willing to approach humans.BHuman food availability might lead to biodiversity loss.CThe reason for the shift of finch diets remains unknown.DThe more processed foods finches consume, the longer they live.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。202
34、2武汉市武昌区高三质量检测Learning doesnt have to stop at the schoolhouse door. In fact, it shouldnt. _16_ Its one thing to read a book about a foreign country; its quite another to go there and befriend its people, eat its foods and learn its language. _17_ My husband Gabriel and I use it to engage with our lov
35、e of history. We cant travel to the past in exactly the same way we would go to a foreign country, but we can bring history to us by including as many of its details as possible into our daily lives._18_ Our house was built in 1888 and 1889. Very little had been added over the past centuryalthough m
36、any things had been removed or replaced. Settling in was a long, slow process of bringing back systems and appliances which would have been standard at the end of the nineteenth century.Years ago, we started collecting everyday items from the past. We love things people like us were interacting with
37、 on a daily basis back in the Victorian (维多利亚时代的) era. Most textbook of history focuses on extreme cases: politics, war, and great names. Weve never been privileged to keep company with kings and presidents in the modern world, so weve always been drawn far more strongly to people we ourselves can r
38、elate to. We love simple stories of approachable people. _19_20_ When we get them, most are worn out. Some people wouldnt think twice about getting rid of such lowquality items. We fix them up and put them back to the use for which they were originally intended. As we interact with them, they become
39、 our teachers.AThe best way to learn about something is to live it.BThis technique can be applied to a variety of subjects.CBy doing so weve created a life which is uniquely beautiful.DCurrently Im working on a novel set in the 1880s and 1890s.EUsing the things they used helps us connect with their
40、culture.FThe antiques which make up our home are a working collection.GWhen people visit our home they say its like walking into a museum.40分阅读理解提分练(四)第一节A语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会文化习俗不同国家和地区的成年仪式1答案与解析：D理解具体信息。根据第一段第二句“It means that.shoulder grownup responsibilities”，再结合下文介绍的四种不同国家和地区的成年仪式可知，四种成年仪式的共同期望是培养
41、年轻人的责任感。2答案与解析：A推断。根据第二段第二句“They go to.become worthy citizens”可知，在德国，举行成年仪式前，孩子们要去学校学习以文化尊重、社会责任等为主题的课程。A项是志愿服务应用软件，与承担社会责任有关，据此可推知A项正确。3答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据第四段第二句“He is given.to respect society”可知，在印度的成年仪式上，男孩将会收到三根神圣的线，分别代表他做出的三个承诺：尊重知识、尊重父母和尊重社会。B语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会历史与文化Java咖啡馆的历史和现状【语篇解读】Java咖啡馆在当地享有良
42、好声誉。本文讲述了Java咖啡馆的创始人初创该咖啡馆的故事及该咖啡馆的发展历程。4答案与解析：D理解词汇。根据该句中的“on more heartwarming occasions, a social hub”并结合常识可以推知，那是一个考试期间学生放松身心、缓解压力的地方，故画线词意为“轻松，宽慰”。5答案与解析：B理解具体信息。根据第一段第二句“For the typical UR.a social hub”可知，Java咖啡馆已经成为学生在考试期间放松身心的地方，故深受学生欢迎；根据第二段第一句“Slowly approaching.in the local area”可知，Java咖啡
43、馆在当地享有良好的声誉，故深受当地人的欢迎。故B项正确。6答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据第三段第三句“This building served.his drinks with care”可知，参观这座建筑的人经常可以看到Joe熟练地在飞舞的火焰中烤咖啡豆，小心翼翼地泡咖啡。据此可知，该咖啡烘焙店的特别之处在于向顾客展示咖啡制作技巧。7答案与解析：D理解文章主旨要义。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Java咖啡馆的创始和发展过程：Java Joe在夏威夷创建了咖啡农场，后来到了罗切斯特，他在吉布斯街开了第一家咖啡馆。其后在1997年，他将“Java Joes”授权给Calabrese, Calab
44、rese将咖啡馆改名，Java咖啡馆至今仍深受学生和当地人的青睐。据此可知，D项符合题意。C语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我人物故事江孙芸女士开办中餐厅的故事【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了江孙芸女士艰苦创业，在美国开办中餐厅的故事。8答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段第二、三句“She was born near Shanghai in 1920.Cecilia managed the businessesfinances while still in her teens”可知，江孙芸女士出生于1920年，在十几岁时就开始管理公司的财务。据此可知，她在20世纪30年代开始管理公司财
45、务，故B项正确。9答案与解析：D考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。通读第三段可知，该段主要讲述了她开餐馆的原因：她为躲避战乱从中国来到美国，遇到了两个想开餐馆的中国熟人。在提供了大量资金后，两名合伙人放弃了，于是她决定自己开餐馆。故D项正确。A、C项仅为第三段的细节之一；B项文中没有提及。10答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第四段后三句“The early days were difficult.a huge success”可知，创办初期The Mandarin的处境艰难，但逐渐吸引了中国和美国顾客的光顾，最后成功了；据此可知，The Mandarin度过了最初的困难时期，故A项正确。1
46、1答案与解析：B考查推断的能力。根据第三段第四、五句可知，当她发现资金无法退还时，她决定自己开办餐馆，据此可推知，她是一个勇敢的人；结合第五段首句“Ms. Chiang continued to work as a restaurant consultant into her 90s”可知，直到九十多岁，她还担任餐馆顾问，据此可以推知，她是一个专注的人。故B项正确。D语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然人与动物人类活动对动物生活习性的影响【语篇解读】研究发现，在城市地区的雀科小鸟几乎都以人类的食物为食，而在人类活动较少的城郊或其他非城市地区的雀科小鸟则主要以本地植物和昆虫为食。城市开发可能会给动
47、物们带来影响，包括寿命缩短。12答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据第二段中的“They started by conducting.nonurban areas to urban areas”可知，研究人员首先在非城市和城市地区对共存的雀种进行喂食观察。据此可知，科学家们是通过在自然条件下观察雀科小鸟进行研究的。13答案与解析：A理解具体信息。根据第三段尾句“Finally, at all.natural foods”可知，在人类经常出现的地方，雀科小鸟更喜欢人类的食物而不是天然的食物。稻米属于人类食物，故选A。14答案与解析：D理解词汇。根据尾段尾句中的“via food dropping o
48、r littering”并结合常识可知，给鸟儿喂食为有意行为；丢弃食物为无意行为。故画线词意为“无意地”。15答案与解析：B推断。根据第四段第二句“Furthermore, the yearround.species diversity”可知，在城市环境中，一年四季丰富的人类食物供应可能会影响促进物种多样化的生态和进化过程。据此可以推知，人类的食物供应可能会导致生物多样性的减少。第二节语篇类型：论说文主题语境：人与自我生活与学习通过收集旧物学习历史【语篇解读】我们的房子建于1888年和1889年，为用那个时期的物品装点房屋，我们收集那时的物品，并把它们修理好。从旧物中学习历史不失为一个好办法。
49、16答案与解析：A根据下文中的“its quite another.learn its language”可知，去那里和当地人交朋友，吃当地的食物，学习当地的语言则完全是另一种学习方法；据此可以推知，学习一些东西的最好的方法是亲身体验。17答案与解析：B根据下句“My husband Gabriel.love of history”可知，我的丈夫Gabriel和我用这种方法来学习我们酷爱着的历史。据此可以推知，这种亲身体验的方法可以应用到很多学科上。18答案与解析：G根据下文可知，我们的房子建于1888年和1889年；在过去的一个世纪里，几乎没有什么东西被添加进老屋。据此可知，参观我们房子的人说他们如同进入了博物馆。19答案与解析：E根据空处上文可知，在现代社会，我们无法和国王与总统结交，所以我们寻找的是可了解的平易近人的人。据此可知，空处说明其原因：使用他们用过的东西，有助于我们与他们的文化建立联系。20答案与解析：F根据该段最后两句“We fix them up.become our teachers”可知，我们修复了这些旧物并使它们回归原用，这时这些旧物就成了我们学习历史的老师；据此可知，该段主要陈述我们家的这些旧物都是有用的。
