1、第二部分 第十一讲第十一讲 特殊句式和主谓一致 一、倒装1全部倒装(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如 here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,on the wall,under the tree 等置于句首，且主语是名词时。所述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。Away they went.(2)代词 such 放在句首，且在句中作表语时。Such are the facts;no one can deny them.(3)为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密，常将作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首，引起全部倒装。Present
2、at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.Hanging on the wall is a beautiful picture.2部分倒装(1)only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.Only then did I know the importance of learning.(2)含有否定意义的副词或词组(never,seldom,little,hardly,by no
3、means,not until 等)位于句首时。Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.(3)hardly.when,no sooner.than,not only.but(also).等引导两个分句时，若 hardly,no sooner,not only 位于句首，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.Not only was the coat soft,but it was a
4、lso warm.(4)so/neither/nor 置于句首，意为“也”或“也不”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时。He is a doctor.So is his wife.Lily cant ride,neither/nor can Lucy.(5)so/such.that.句型中，当 such+n.或 so+adj./adv.位于句首时，主句部分倒装，that 从句不倒装。So small was the market that I could hardly see it.So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed hi
5、mself.(6)though/as 引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管”，通常把句中状语、表语或动词提前；若表语是名词，其前不用冠词；常见结构：状语/表语/动词+though/as+主谓结构。Try as he would,he might fail again.Unsatisfied though he was with the payment,he took the job just to get some work experience.(7)当 if 引导的虚拟条件从句中含有 had,were 或 should 等时，如将 if 省略，则要将 had,were 或 should 等移到主
6、语之前。Had I attended the meeting,I would have met Jim.Primary school pupil_she is，she is able to find the solution to the complicated maths problem.Awhile BalthoughCas DhoweverC 解析：句意：尽管她是一名小学生，但是她能够找到解决这个复杂数学问题的方法。while 意为“当时候；尽管”，引导让步状语从句时，一般放在句首；although 意为“尽管”引导让步状语从句时不倒装；as 意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句时从句要倒装；
7、however 意为“然而”。根据句式结构及语境，故选 C。强调句二、强调句It is/was.that/who 可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调；当强调部分为“人”时，可用 that或 who,其他情况下用that(2014湖南高考单项填空)Its not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.强调句一般疑问句：Is/Was+it+.that/who.?特殊疑问句：疑问词is/was+it+hat/who.？The patient looks much better.
8、What is it that has made him what he is today？“not.until.”句型的强调句：It is/was not until.that.It was not until late in the eveningthat her husband arrived home.强调谓语动词do/does/did+动词原形(只用于肯定句，并且只有现在时和过去时)I do hope you can take my plan into consideration.He did write to you last night.It was with the help
9、of the local guide _the mountain climber was rescued.AwhoBthatCwhenDhowB 解析：考查强调句。句意：在当地导游的帮助下，这个登山运动员才得以获救。强调句的基本结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who.。三、省略1状语从句当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为 it 且从句中有 be 动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和 be 动词。(2016芜湖一中高三模拟)Every day after I go home,if not tired from work,I will go out for a walk
10、 with my wife.(2015湖北高考阅读理解)While walking,I noticed a pony roll over on his back.2宾语从句“替代性”省略：not 与 be afraid,hope,think,believe,suppose,expect 等连用，代替否定的宾语从句，so 代替肯定的宾语从句，但表示否定意义时，hope 与 be afraid 只用 I hope/am afraid not.的形式，而 think,believe,suppose 等有两种形式，即：I think/believe/suppose not.和 I dont think
11、/believe/suppose so.。Do you think it will rain?I hope not/so.Do they mind you smoking there?I dont think so/I think not.3动词不定式(1)不定式符号 to 的省略感官动词或使役动词(如 feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,let,make,have 等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略 to,但在被动语态中不能省略(let 除外)。I heard someone sing in the next room.My mother wouldnt le
12、t me go to see the film.在 do nothing but do,cant help.but do,why not do,would rather do.than do.,prefer to do.rather than do.等句型中省略 to。I would prefer to swim rather than play football.(2)不定式的省略使用不定式符号 to 来代替不定式后被省略的动词，常在 be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,
13、wish 等的后边。I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.在某些形容词如 glad,happy,pleased,delighted 等后面使用不定式符号 to 来代替省略的动词。Will you join in the game?Id be glad to.如果不定式中含有 be,have,have been，通常保留 be,have和 have been。Are you a sailor?No,but I used to be.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside b
14、ut was asked by the police _Anot to doBnot toCnot doDdo notB 解析：考查省略。句意：那个司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。这里为了避免重复，省略与前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符号 to。补充完整后应为“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。四、其他句式1祈使句的固定句式(1)祈使句+and+简单句，可译为“如果就”。(2)祈使句+or/otherwise+简单句，可译为“否则”。(3)名词词组(多含有 more,another)+and
15、+简单句，可译为“如果再就”。(2014大纲全国卷单项填空)Call me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。2感叹句的固定句式(1)What+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语！How+形容词a/an+单词名词+主语+谓语！(2)What(+形容词)+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语！(3)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！(4)How+主语+谓语！The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个
16、惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。3反意疑问句(1)祈使句的反意疑问句肯定的祈使句，简短问句用 will you/wont you。否定的祈使句，简短问句用 will you。Lets.,shall we?Let us.,will you?(2)主从复合句的反意疑问句，与主句的主谓语保持一致。但当陈述部分是 I/We think/believe/expect/suppose 加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,is there？毫无疑问，你认为他是无辜的。难道不是吗
17、？当陈述部分为否定式，反意疑问部分为肯定式时，其回答往往与汉语不一致，要特别注意！Tom doesnt know it,does he?汤姆不知道这事，对吧？No,he doesnt./Yes,he does.对，他不知道。/不，他知道。(2014重庆高考 T10)I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during yourstay,_you?AmustntBhaventCdidntDhadntC 解析：考查反意疑问句。句意：去年夏天，我在伦敦度过了两个星期。那
18、么，在此期间你肯定参观了英国博物馆，是不是？must have done 结构在句中表示对过去事情的推测，当句末有反意疑问的语气时，可分为两种情况：(1)句中 没 有 明 确 的 过 去 时 间 状 语 时，反 意 疑 问 句 结 构 为“havent/hasnt.”；(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“didnt.？”。根据题干中的过去时间状语last summer 以及 during your stay 可知，反意疑问句的结构应用第二种情况。含 all,most,half,rest 等的名词词组作主语，所指的内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数；反之，用单数在主谓倒装句中，谓语
19、动词的数应与其后的主语一致五、主谓一致All of my classmates work hard.All of the water is up now.Between the two windows hangs a picture.用 and 或 both.and 连接并列主语，其内容是复数的，谓语动词用复数；若 and 连接的两个单数主语指同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数主语后面接连接性短语时，谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致，此类连接性短语有 as well as,as much as,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,b
20、ut,except,besides,including,in addition to 等The teacher and writer has already come to the meeting.Both my brother and my sister are workers.Your sister as well asyour parents is very kindto me.She,like you and Betty,is very clever.以 or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also.等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与就
21、近的名词或代词一致Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is duetomorrow.Are not only you butalso he wrong？lots of,plenty of,a great/large number of 等以及分数、百分数表示“许多”，后接可数名词时，谓语动词用复数；(large)quantities of 修饰可数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数；a(large)quantity of 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于后面的名词There are la
22、rge quantities of food in the shop.A number of students like English very much.the number of 复数名词和 the amount of 不可数名词等构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数The amount of money spent on the project is great.many a+名词单数，more than one+名词单数，“no/each/every/many a+名词单数+and+no/each/every/many a+名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用单数Every man and e
23、very woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.More than one question was raised.当其他名词性从句或动名词短语等作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式What he said leaves much for us to think about.1(2014湖南高考 T32)All we need _a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the
24、growing seasons of the year.Aare BwasCisDwereC 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句意：我们所需要的就是一小块地而已，在那里我们可以在整个作物生长期内栽种各种各样的果树。当 all,all of,half of,the rest of,most of 及“百分数或分数+of”等后接名词作主语时，句子谓语动词形式根据其后的名词而定。而根据句中的 All we need 可知，这里说的是现在的事实，所以用一般现在时。2It is Tom as well as his two friends that _for the job.Ahave appliedBhave been appliedChas appliedDhas been appliedC 解析：考查强调句和主谓一致。句意：是汤姆和他的两个朋友申请了这份工作。it is.that 是强调句型，这里强调的是主语，as well as 连接两个词作主语时，谓语动词形式跟前面的一致，这里应与 Tom 一致，谓语用单数，故选 C。本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放
