1、题型组合练(三十二)阅读理解书面表达.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2019石家庄高三质量检测)Most dog owners are convinced that their fourlegged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”，“stay” or “treat”However，researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech
2、 or if they rely on other information to get the meaning.For example，does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dogs mind，or does the dog bring back the object based on the owners voice or gesture？A new study by scientists at Atlantas Emory University seems to indicate that “mans
3、 best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials，such as a toy animal and a ball.Once the dogs had mastered the task，they took turns inside a special scan
4、ner.The owners then tested their dogs language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadnt seen before.The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs
5、 brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with，compared with the ones they had never heard before.While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word，it did indicate some sort of
6、recognition.The researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.Something even more interesting was that the dogs brains showed a higher level of neural (神经的) activity at the sound of unknown words.This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains，wh
7、ich get more active at the sound of familiar words.The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters.“Dogs want to please their owners，and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientis
8、t Gregory Berns，senior author of the study.However，though your pet may understand human speech，the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training.“When people want to teach their dog a trick，they often use spoken commands because thats what we humans prefer，” Prichard says.“From th
9、e dogs view，however，a visual command might be more effective，helping the dog learn the trick faster.”1Whats the purpose of the new study?ATo convince dog owners to understand their dogs.BTo advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.CTo prove dogs follow owners order by listening.DTo test out how
10、dogs get information from owners.2What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?AInform the result of the research.BState the process of the research.CStress the importance of the research.DIntroduce the subjects of the research.3How do human brains and dog brains react to words?AHuman brains bec
11、ome active in unfamiliar words.BDog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.CHuman brains are not sensitive to familiar words.DDog brains show no response to familiar words.4What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?AGive dogs oral commands.BTeach dogs new tricks.CInvolve sight
12、and smell.DEncourage faster learning.体裁：说明文题材：人和动物主题：狗是如何理解主人的话的【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，狗的确能理解主人说的话。1解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlantas Emory University seems to indicate that mans best frienddoes indeed know what the owner is saying”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里大学的科学家进行的一项新研究似乎表明，“人类最好的朋友”确实知道主人在
13、说什么，并结合全文可知，该研究的目的是测试狗是如何理解主人的话的，故D项正确。答案：D2解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials，such as a toy animal and a ball”并结合该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了进行研究的过程，包括让不同品种的狗识别不同材料的玩具等，据此可知，该段旨在介绍研究过程，故B项正确。
14、答案：B3解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Something even more interesting.This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains，which get more active at the sound of familiar words”可知，对于不熟悉的单词，狗的大脑呈现出高水平的神经活动，而人类的大脑相反，故B项正确。答案：B4解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“However，though your pet may understand human speech，the scientists r
15、ecommend using visual signals and smell for training”可知，尽管狗可能理解人类的语言，但科学家们建议使用视觉信号和嗅觉来训练它们，故C项正确。答案：CB(2019石家庄一模)When Gitanjali Rao shared how she likes “finding solutions to real problems”，it was hard to imagine this dynamic girl could settle a problem that had escaped scientists for years.In just
16、three months，Rao came up with a device (装置) that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water.Inspired by the current litigation(诉讼)in Flint，Michigan，a case of water pollution from 2014 until present，Rao designed a new testing system th
17、at resulted in her being named “Americas top young scientist” for 2017.Rao had been following the water problem for about two years.She was amazed by the number of people affected by lead pollution in water and wanted to do something to change this.Rao spent months trying to convince local high scho
18、ols and colleges to give her lab time to continue her experiment.At home，Rao worked on her project in the “science room” she asked her parents to create for her.Rao has created a device that uses three parts：a cartridge，a Bluetooth reader and an app.To put it simply，the cartridge contains carbon nan
19、otubes (纳米管)that react to lead.This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader，which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.Rao appropriately named the device Tethys and is hoping to make a little improvement to get the device on the mark
20、et.While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines，lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development.With Rao believing that the “purpose of science is to make a difference”，her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the
21、United States.5What do we know about Raos device?AIts cheap and quick.BIts cheap and inaccurate.CIts expensive and reliable.DIts portable and timeconsuming.6What made Rao have the idea of designing the device?AHer parents suggestions.BHer desire for winning the award.CHer interest in settling real p
22、roblems.DThe water pollution litigation in Flint.7What do the carbon nanotubes function as?ASending immediate signals.BDetecting the presence of lead.CRecording the reaction results.DShowing the water quality results.8What does the author think of Raos invention?AIt will lead Rao to make a fortune.B
23、It will help millions of Americans drink safe water.CIt will promote the development of science in America.DIt will soon settle the leadpolluted problem thoroughly.体裁：说明文题材：新闻报道主题：一项检测水中铅含量的新发明【语篇解读】该文主要介绍了一个女孩发明了一款可以检测水中铅含量的装置，从而解决了一个科学家多年来忽视的问题。5解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“In just three months，Rao came up w
24、ith a device(装置)that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water”可推知，与以前又贵又费时的设备相比，Rao发明的设备既便宜又省时，与第三段最后一句“This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader，which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if y
25、our water is safe to drink”相呼应，故选A。答案：A6解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Inspired by the current litigation(诉讼)in Flint，Michigan，a case of water pollution from 2014 until present，Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named Americas top young scientist for 2017”可知，Rao设计测试水中铅含量的装置的想法是受一个水污染诉讼的
26、启发，故选D。答案：D7解析：推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“To put it simply，the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes(纳米管)that react to lead”可推知，这个碳纳米管是可以对铅起反应的，因此可以检测出水中是否含有铅，故选B。答案：B8解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines，lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and
27、 mental development” “her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States”和对本段的整体理解可推知，作者认为Rao的发明可以帮助人们快速检测出水中是否含有铅，从而可以大大提高人们饮用水的安全性，意义重大，故选B。 答案：B.书面表达(2019湖南五校高三联考)假定你是李华，近期你校要举行以“古韵展新风(Ancient Art and New Stage)”为主题的校运动会开幕式，请你写一封电子邮件邀请留学生朋友Peter来观看。要点如下： 1
28、写信目的；2开幕式时间；3特色节目(太极拳表演等)。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【写作思路】本题要求写一封邀请信，话题为邀请留学生朋友观看校运动会开幕式。时态上，以一般将来时为主，一般现在时为辅；结构上，可运用三段十句作文法则(即第一段一句或者两句，告知写信目的或背景；中间段落五句或六句，需紧扣要点拓展细节；最后一段一句或者两句，重申写信目的或附上祝愿的话语)。【参考范文】 Dear Peter，Our school sports meet will take place next month.So Id like to invite you to come a
29、nd enjoy its opening ceremony with the theme of Ancient Art and New Stage.The opening ceremony is to be held on 15th March.It will be much different from previous ones since it is aimed to promote sportsmanship through traditional Chinese culture.Chosen students dressed in costume will perform Tai C
30、hi，which must be one of the most attractive parts.In addition，traditional Chinese drums will be played.These special performances are sure to impress everyone present.I do hope youll accept my invitation.Look forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely，Li Hua【名师点评】本文语言流畅，要点罗列齐全，拓展合情合理，符合题目要求，且能够熟练地运用亮点词汇和高级句式，值得我们学习。亮点词汇：take place，with the theme of，previous，promote，be sure to impress等；高级句式：原因状语从句(since it is aimed to promote sportsmanship through traditional Chinese culture)、非谓语动词作后置定语(dressed in costume)、非限制性定语从句(which must be one of the most attractive parts)等。
