1、课堂导学基础巩固一、词汇详解1.Rather than take the airplane all the way,they decided to fly from China to Vancouver.她们不想一路乘飞机，决定先从中国飞到温哥华,要点提示:rather than 意思为“与其，不愿，不要，不是”,常用在 prefer to do rather than do句子中。典型例句:Rather than make money in this way,I prefer to starve to death.我宁愿饿死，也不愿用这种方式挣钱。I will have sweet wate
2、r rather than pure water.我想喝甜水，不想喝纯净水。He was busy writing a letter rather than reading a newspaper.他正忙于写信而不是读报。相关链接:would rather 宁愿，宁可;not.but rather 不是而是例如：I suppose I could lend them to him,but Id rather not.我想我是把它们借给他的，可是我不愿意借。Wed rather you didnt do it.我宁愿你不做这事情。or rather 更确切地说You have to be 16
3、for cheap tickets,or rather under 16.你必须16岁才买便宜票，更确切地说是不满16岁。The committee does not deal with individual correspondence,but rather discusses issues in its newsletter.该委员会不是处理个人信件，而是在简报中讨论问题。应用探究(1)The brave people in the village preferred to die rather than ,and encouraged others to fight more brave
4、ly in the anti-Japanese battlefield.A.to give in;itB.to give in;whichC.give in;thisD.give in;which解析：prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.是固定句式，第二个空因为前面出现and说明这是一个并列句，用it代替前面情况。如果没有and，则选择which。答案：C(2)I would rather _ than ask him for his autograph.So I would rather he _ here as soon as possible.A.di
5、e;leavingB.died;leavingC.die;leaveD.die;left解析：would rather do sth.表示“愿意、宁愿干某事”，would rather后面跟从句时，从句用一般过去时态，故选D。答案：D句型转换（3）The man wearing glasses dont teach the workers how to do it but learn from them.= The man wearing glasses dont teach the workers how to do it _ _ learn from them.答案：but rather2
6、.It is the second biggest country in the world and as you go eastward,you will see mountains,.加拿大是世界上第二大国家，当你向东走，你会看到群山连绵要点提示:eastward 与eastwards意义相同，副词，意思为“向东”。其他几个表示方向的词语用法与其一致。典型例句: A couple traveled eastward.一对夫妇朝东部旅行。They are encouraged to walk eastward until the end of the land.他们被鼓励向东走直到大陆的尽头
7、。相关链接:eastward也可以作形容词，意思为“朝东的，向东的”。小幽默A stranger wanted to the hospital and was lost in the busy street,“Excuse me,where is the hospital?”he asked a lady.“Go eastward straight,it is 200 meters.”“I see.Thank you.” After a while,he returned with all the body wet.“You make fun of me,it is a lake not th
8、e hospital.”“There is a bridge on it.”“But you tell me to go eastward straight.”3.On the coast north of Vancouver some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world still remain.在温哥华北面的海岸上仍然保存着世界上最古老和最美丽的森林。要点提示:（1）remain v.保持;继续存在，仍旧是;用作系动词，后接形容词、名词、分词和介词短语。（2）当remain作“剩下、留下”讲时可与不定式连用，remai
9、ning“剩下的，剩余的”，作定语。典型例句:After years of hard work,Tom still remained a worker.多年的辛劳后，汤姆仍是一名工人。That old man remained full of energy.那位老人还是那么精力充沛。She remained sitting when they came in.他们进来时，她仍然坐着（没有站起来）。A lot of work remains to be done in the office.办公室里需要做的工作很多。The old man didnt know how to deal with
10、the remaining vegetables.这位老人不知道怎么来处理剩余的蔬菜。相关链接:remain与stay辨析:remain与stay二者都有“停留，逗留，仍然是，依然是”的意思，表示保持某种状态时可以互换;remain严格说来指东西被取走后或者被破坏后残留下来的东西，或者别人离开之后留下的人，或者待在原地，通常不用进行时态; stay指在某地作短暂停留或者保持某种状态，可以指来访或者做客时暂住。选择填空(1)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they
11、 will enjoy it.A.to seeB.to be seenC.seeingD.seen解析：remain to be done表示“某事情有待被干”，此处正合题意。答案：B(2)The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to re mainC.remain 20 dollarsD.remaining 20 dollars解析：remain是不及物动词，所以表示“剩下的，剩余的”,用remaining而不是remained作定语。答
12、案：D(3)With the help of the first aid,a large number of people _ alive after the terrible earthquake.A.was remainedB.remainedC.survivedD.was remaining解析：remain意思为“保持;继续存在，仍旧是”，用作系动词，此处接形容词作表语。答案：B4.That afternoon in the train the cousins settled down in their seats.那天下午表姐妹俩才在火车上落了座。要点提示:settle v.定居;安
13、顿;解决典型例句:After the war broke out they settled in Europe.战争爆发后，他们在欧洲定居。Theres no way to settle the dispute.要解决争端没有办法。The little bird settling in the branch is so beautiful that we take a picture of it.栖息在树枝上的小鸟如此美丽以至于我们拍了照。相关链接:常用短语有:settle in a place 定居某处;settle the bill 结账;settle the dispute 解决争端完成
14、句子(1)The famous scientist with his whole family _ _ _ (定居在中国) and decided to make a contribution to the motherland after new China was founded.答案：settled in China(2)Nowadays China is playing a more and more important role in _ _ _ _ (解决国际争端) successfully and was recognized by all the other countries
15、 in the world.答案：settling the international disputes5.Many of them have a gift for working with animals and they can win thousands of dollars in prizes.他们中的许多人拥有与兽共舞的天分，因而能赢得数千美元的奖金。要点提示:have a gift for sth.有的天分，有天赋典型例句:The man in black has a gift for drawing.穿黑衣的人有画画天赋。Many people want to have a gi
16、ft for making money.许多人想有赚钱的天赋。相关链接:另外，gifted表示“有天赋的，有天资的”。如“多才多艺的人”用 a gifted man 和 a man of many gifts表示。改错(1)Miss Black studies in Beijing University and she has a gift of music.答案：of for(2)At seven oclock this afternoon,we are going to the bus station to see an gifting woman off.答案：giftinggifted
17、 (3) Tom,can you tell me something about the teacher under the tree？He is clever and a man of many gift.答案：giftgifts6.Most Canadians live within 320 kilometers of the USA border.大多数加拿大人居住在距离美国320千米以内的边境地带。要点提示:within adv.& prep.在之内;不超过;在里面典型例句:The 10% price rise is well within(=is lower than) the li
18、mits set by the government.10%的物价上涨远未超过政府限定的范围。相关链接:within与 in表达时间。within指期限之内，而in指期限之外。例如:He will buy goods within ten days.他将在十天之内买货物。Mr Wang will buy goods in ten days.医生将在十天后买货物。翻译(1)Jim,what are you going to do?I want to play with my good friends.Thats good,but stay within hearing distance of t
19、he house._答案：“吉姆，你要干什么?”“我想和好朋友一起玩。”“好吧，不要太远，免得家人呼叫不到。”(2)The children must remain within the school grounds during the P.E classes._答案：上体育课时孩子们必须留在校园内。7.This city is at the top end of the Great Lakes,and it is a very busy port,although it is close to the center of the country.这座城市位于五大湖的最上首，虽然它靠近加拿大
20、的中心位置，但还是一个繁忙的港口城市。要点提示:close to 意为“离很近;在附近;几乎”。close有动词、形容词和副词的用法。典型例句:My close friend Jack always helps me when I am in trouble.我的挚友杰克在我困难时总是帮助我。Please stand close to me and I want to have a word with you.请站得离我近些，我有话对你说。Would you mind closing the door?关上门你介意吗？相关链接:另外，close与closely在副词用法上有区别，close多用
21、来修饰由介词引导的短语，closely表示抽象的概念。而close常表达具体的概念，多修饰动词和过去分词。We keep in touch with each other closely.我们保持密切联系。 观察猜想观察下面几个句子中的close意义和词性的不同(1)When the bell rang announcing school was over.The students closed the windows and left happily.答案：v.关上 (2)Take a close look at the photo;doesnt it remind you of someo
22、ne?答案：adj.仔细的(3)My mother and I are much closer than we were when I studied in the senior middle school.答案：adj.亲密的(4)The three people stood so close that they want to have a short discussion which was very secret.答案：adv.靠近地(5)The chairman brought the meeting to a close.答案：n.结束8.They were not leaving
23、 for Montreal until later,so they went on a tour of the city.他们要晚些时候才动身去蒙特利尔，因此就在多伦多市内游览了一番。要点提示:tour n.旅游，游览，常指观光、考察等的环球旅行或者巡回各地的旅行。典型例句:They want to go on a tour of France.他们想去法国旅游。相关链接:trip常指短距离的旅行，远足。journey常指长距离的旅行，尤指陆地旅行。travel常指长距离旅行或者国外旅行。voyage常指海上旅行，航行。完成句子(1)If we are free this summer hol
24、idays,we will _ _ _ around the Greek islands. 如果我们这个暑假有时间，我们要周游希腊诸岛。答案：go on a tour(2)“旅游”连线good-will toura.友好访问package tour b.团体游party tourc.包办游round-the-world tour d.观光游sightseeing toure.环球游答案：acbed9.In the distance,they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls.远处，她们可以看到湖的南
25、边尼亚加拉大瀑布上方升腾着的雾霭。要点提示:distance n.距离，路程，远处;（时间的）相隔，（意见等）差异典型例句:Keep a safe distance between cars.保持车距！ The town is a great distance away.(从这)到那个城市相当远。相关链接:keep ones distance 客客气气，不亲近keep (sb.)at a distance (对某人)保持疏远know ones distance 有自知之明in the distance在远处（的）at/from a distance 隔开一段距离，有些距离at a distan
26、ce of 有距离例如:We saw a light in the distance.我们看到远处有灯光。This picture looks better at a distance.这幅画稍远些看更好。 介词填空(1)Mr Brown.What is the distance _ your home _ the coast?Not too far,only half an hours ride.答案：from;to(2)When the sun set down,I saw some smoke _ the distance.I thought farmers must have burn
27、ed the rubbish an hour ago.答案：in(3)My brother has been away for twenty years and I find there has been no warmth _ this distance of time.答案：at(4)In some countries,distance is measured _ miles instead _ kilometers.答案：in;of10.They spent the afternoon in the lovely shops and visiting the artists in the
28、ir workplaces beside the water.整个下午她们穿梭于布局可爱的商店，还拜访了水边工作坊里的艺术家。要点提示:besideprep.意思为“在旁边，和比较起来”。典型例句:The little cat is brave enough to lie beside the dog.那只小猫胆子真大，竟然卧在狗的旁边。His speed is much quicker beside his sister.他的速度比你姐姐的速度快多了。相关链接:相近词besides的用法：prep.除了之外还有;adv.再者;而且;更Three were three more visitor
29、s besides me.除了我之外，还有三位访客。She is still young and beautiful besides.她仍年轻而且漂亮。填空beside 与besides二选一(1)He wants to build up a processing factory _ the sea and make a contribution to the economy in that area.答案：beside (2)I think you wanted to know something about your composition.The teacher said that th
30、e critical is that your article is _ the subject.答案：beside (3) _ being a scholar,he was a famous writer.Of course he is admired greatly by all of us.答案：Besides (4)It is too late to go out now. _,it is beginning to rain.答案：Besides11. As they sat in a caf looking over the broad St Lawrence River,a you
31、ng man sat down with them.当她们坐在咖啡馆里眺望广阔的圣劳伦斯河时，一个年轻人坐在她们的身边。要点提示:broad adj.宽广的，广阔的，广泛的典型例句:The river is 50 meters broad.这条小河有50米宽。He has a broad knowledge of history.他历史知识广泛。相关链接:在表示宽阔时，broad与wide侧重点不同。wide表示两个边缘之间的距离，而broad的重点则在于面积的广大。a wide river宽阔的河流;the broad sea宽广的大海。填空用正确形式填空(1)The Huanghe Riv
32、er grows _ (broad) as it gets nearer to the sea,which makes the visitors from inland have more imagination.答案：broader (2)I think every one of them want to have a broad knowledge of biology and reading this book can _ (broad) their knowledge of biology.答案：broaden (3)Changjiang River is the _ (broad)
33、and longest river in China.答案：broadest12.The cousins dreamed of French restaurants and red maple leaves.姐妹两个一路上做梦都在想着法国餐馆和红色枫叶。要点提示:dream n.& v.梦，做梦dream of/about.做梦，梦见典型例句:I had a strange dream last night.昨天晚上我做了一个奇怪的梦。Sweat dreams! 祝你有个好梦！/晚安！I sometimes dream of home.我有时梦见自己的故乡。I dreamt about an
34、old friend yesterday.昨天晚上我梦见一位老朋友。dream (that) 梦见，做的梦，想到I dreamed that I was flying in the sky.我梦见自己在空中飞翔。相关链接:dreamer 做梦的人dreamless无梦的，不做梦的dreamlike梦一般的，朦胧的dream away 虚度年华dream a sweet dream做一个甜甜的梦翻译(1)If you were free to design your own dream house,what would the house look like? _答案：如果你自由设计你的梦幻之屋
35、的话，你的屋子看上去怎样呢？(2)She realized her dream of becoming an actress._答案：她实现了当女演员的梦想。(3)I never dreamed that I should see you here._答案：我从未想到会在这儿见到你。小幽默Teacher:Why does a hen lay eggs?Student:Because if she let them drop,they would break.二、句型必背1.It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall.那儿的湿度很大，
36、所以树长得特别高。要点提示:so.that.意为“如此以致”或者“到程度”，so后接形容词或副词，that引导结果状语从句，口语中that可以省略。典型例句:The weather is so hot that we wont go out to buy things.天气太热了以至于我们不愿出去买东西。相关链接:如果把so和 that分离，则表示“太以至于”，如果把so放在句首，则用倒装。例如:So wide is the river that we cant cross it in 5 minutes.河太深了以至于我们5分钟内过不去。So moved was the teacher th
37、at he said “Thank you”again and again.老师太受感动了以至于连说“谢谢你”。选择填空(1)There were days when I wished that I were dead _ _ I wouldnt feel so sick in the world.A.so thatB.even ifC.as ifD.except that解析：so that意为“目的为了”，that引导目的状语从句，口语中that可以省略。答案：A(2)So kind that he often helps me English,which is the most diff
38、icult subject to me.A.Tom is;studying B.Tom is;studyC.is Tom;studyD.is Tom;studying解析：把so和 that分离，则表示“太以至于”，如果把so放在句首，则用倒装。答案：C2.“We dont leave until this evening,”said Liu Qian.刘倩说，“我们要到傍晚才动身。”要点提示:not.until.表示“直到才”。典型例句:He didnt leave here until he got paid.他直到得了薪水才离开。相关链接:not.until句型可以改为“not unti
39、l+时间”的形式，作为被强调部分用于强调句型，也可以置于句首引导倒装句型。not until引导的状语置于句首时，（主句）句中谓语动词必须用部分倒装形式。注意在本句型中，主倒从不倒，即主句部分用一般疑问句句序，从句部分用陈述语序。例如：Not until 1949 did Chinese have a peaceful life.直到1949年中国人才过上平和的生活。It was not until he came that we opened the box.是直到他来我们才开箱子。翻译The young people wont stop struggling until we get th
40、e equal rights as the local people from the upper class._答案：年轻人直到从上层阶级那是获得与当地人平等的权利后才停止斗争。完成句子他直到爬上顶部才停了下来。（两种）He didnt stop until he came to the top.=_ he came to the top did he stop.= _ _ _ _ he came to the top that he stopped.答案：Not until;It was not until3.It is too bad you cant go as far as Otta
41、wa,Canadas capital.很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。要点提示:as far as远到;远到程度典型例句:I cant walk as far as the foot of the mountain.我不能走到山脚下。相关链接:as far as还有“就的限度，到程度”的意思；as far as I am concerned就而言。例如：As far as I know,he has won the first prize.据我所知，他已经获得了一等奖。as far as I am concerned,it matters little whether he like
42、s it or not.就我个人而言，他喜欢不喜欢并没有什么关系。选择填空(1)_ I am concerned,we should be brave and we will reach the top of the hill at last _ we try our best to climb the hill.A.So long as;as long asB.As far as;as longer asC.So long as;as far asD.As far as;as long as解析：as far as I am concerned就而言;as long as只要。答案：D(2)
43、As _ as I am concerned,I agreed with you.A.longB.longerC.farD.farther解析：as far as I am concerned是固定短语，意思为“就而言”，两个as中间的形容词或者副词必须用原形。答案：C三、语法解读同位语从句同位语从句用于对名词作进一步的解释，具体说明名词的实际内容，主要由that引导。1.同位语从句通常由that引导要点提示:（1）同位语从句常放在fact，idea，hope，conclusion，news，opinion，problem，information，thought，order，understan
44、ding 等名词后面作同位语。（2）同位语从句有时与其所说明的词分开。典型例句:I had no idea that you are here.我不知道你在这儿。The news that the team won the game is exciting.球队赢得了这场比赛的胜利真是令人激动。The fact remains that he accepted the money.他收了那笔钱的事实依然存在。An idea occurred to him that he might go there by air.他突然想起他可以乘飞机去那里。The story goes that the g
45、eneral killed the king.传说将军杀死了国王。2.wh- 疑问词引导的同位语从句 要点提示:疑问代词who,which,what和疑问副词where,when,why,how也可以引导同位语从句。典型例句:The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁应当做这件工作，这个问题需要考虑。3.whether引导的同位语从句要点提示:引导同位语从句，通常用whether，不用if。典型例句:They are faced with the problem whether they should continu
46、e the work.他们面临是否还继续这项工作的问题。4.同位语从句和定语从句的区别要点提示:(1)从意义上来说，同位语从句对一个名词加以补充说明，定语从句对一个名词进行修饰或者限定。从结构上来说，同位语从句由连词引导，连词在句中不作任何成分，只起引导作用，不可以省略;由关系词引导的定语从句在句中担任一定的成分，含有代替所修饰或者所限制的词语的意义。作宾语时可以省略。(2)同位语从句说明的名词基本都是抽象名词，而定语从句修饰、限定的名词则没有限制。典型例句:The news that they won the match is true.他们比赛获胜的消息是真的。（同位语从句，news和从句
47、没有逻辑关系。）Have you heard the news that he will be back soon.你已经听到他要回来的消息了吗？The news that you told us yesterday is true.你昨天给我讲的消息是真的。（定语从句，news是told的逻辑宾语。）Have you heard the news that he told me yesterday?你已经听到昨天告诉我的那个消息了吗？选择填空(1)Is this the very reason _ at the meeting for the carelessness and pride i
48、n his work? A.he explainedB.what he explainedC.how he explainedD.why he explained解析：此题具有迷惑性，一看到reason很多同学认为选择D项。解题的关键在于reason作explain的宾语。因此选择A。答案：A(2)The fact _ China is the largest country in the world in population is very clear.A.thatB.whichC./D.about which解析：这是一个同位语从句，由that引导。答案：A(3)Along with t
49、he letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether解析：此题通过比较复杂的句式来考查同位语从句，连词that引导后面的句子。答案：B(4)Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which解析：考查同位语从句的引导词，此题是一个同位句是关键，而且应当知道that引导名词性从句在句中只起引导词的作用不作成分。that引
50、导的同位语从句解释前面的word，别的引导词不合适。答案：B脑筋急转弯（5） What part of a clock is always old?答案：second-hand (秒针，二手货)（6）What are the strongest days of the week?答案：Saturday and Sunday all the other days are weak (week) days.(weak与 week的发音一样,而美国人的工作天只有五天，即从 Monday到 Friday，这五天是他们的week days.)句型判断你知道同位语从句和定语从句的区别吗？那么牛刀小试来辨别
51、吧！(1)The question whether the Prime Minister should resign must be decided soon.(2)The plane that has just taken off is for London.(3) The fact that he has already died is quite clear.(4)The problem that we are facing now is how to get money.答案：（1）同位语从句(2)定语从句(3)同位语从句(4)定语从句四、课文浓缩下面的一段文章为原文的缩写，仔细阅读，
52、根据原文内容将其补充完整，并尽量背诵。Canada is the second biggest country in the world.People can see mountains as they go1.Most Canadians live 2 320 kilometers of the USA 3.Vancouver,4by mountains on two sides,attracts people to ski in the Rocky Mountains and sail in the harbor.Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian decid
53、ed to fly China to Vancouver and take train to cross Canada. They were on a trip to visit their cousins.Of course the idea that they would cross the whole continent was 5.After leaving the airport,they went to take train.That afternoon they 6 in their seats,they looked out of the windows at the wild
54、 7 Cowboys competed in riding wild horsed,many of them have a 8 for working with animals and can win many dollars in 9.They saw large farms.After dinner,they arrived in Thunder Bay,which is a busy 10.That night they slept as the train rushed towards Toronto.答案：1.Eastward2.within3.border4.surrounded5.exciting6.settled down7.scenery8.gift9.prizes10.port
