1、2015山西长治市高考英语语法填空及阅读类一轮自选练习（5）及答案【2015届河南省顶级名校高三入学定位考试（201408）】B “Put yourself in someone elses shoes.” is (66)_idiom that means if you imagine yourself to be in another persons position, good or bad, you may understand how they feel, good or bad, or why they have done (67)_ theyve done.This idiom c
2、omes from the fact (68)_ a pair of perfectly fitting shoes for someone may not fit another person as perfectly. So, literally, only if you put (69)_ another persons shoes can you feel how it is to walk in(70)_Metaphorically speaking, “their shoes” stands for other peoples position. A local boy is de
3、tained(扣留) by the police(71)_ a theft, and one of his friends might (72)_ (private) say to himself: “I wouldnt want to be in his shoes now.” That is, he doesnt want(73)_ (put) into prison for stealing.By trying to “put on their shoes”, we try to imagine ourselves in(74)_ situation, by seeing things
4、from their point of view, by thinking about how we would want to be treated if we were them.Harper Lee, of course, (75)_(express) this idea best in To Kill a Mockingbird: “You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of viewuntil you climb inside of his skin and walk
5、 around in it.”【答案】【知识点】语法填空（二） 【文章综述】本文是一说明文，主要讲述短语“Put yourself in someone elses shoes.”的含义、来历，并教给人们学会换位思考。【答案解析】66.an 考查冠词。idiom是以元音音素开头，表示“一个”用an。67.what 考查what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作do的宾语。68.that 考查同位语从句。that引导同位语从句，仅起引导作用，无任何含义。69.on 考查动词短语。put on穿上。70.them 考查代词。them代指前文的shoes。71.for/because of 考查介词
6、。for表示原因，detain sb for sth因为某事而扣留某人。72.privately 考查副词。副词修饰动词say。73.to be put 考查不定式的被动式。句子的主语是put的动作承受者，故用不定式的被动式，也可用putting。74.their 考查代词。名词situation前缺少形容词性物主代词作定语，与前面和后面的their相对应。75.(has)expressed 考查时态。句子无明显时态标志词，根据语境判断应用过去时或现在完成时。完型填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从以下题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。夹叙夹议型完形填空(一) On a tri
7、p to California, my family stopped for lunch. As we walked towards the entrance to the restaurant, a man, with a _1_ beard and dirty hair, jumped up from a bench outside the restaurant and opened the door for us.Regardless of his _2_， he greeted us in a friendly way.Once inside, my daughters whisper
8、ed, “Mum, he _3_” After we ordered our lunch, I explained, telling the kids to look _4_ the dirt. We then watched other customers approach the restaurant but many _5_ him. Seeing this rudeness truly upset me. The day I became a mother, I had determined to set a good _6_ to my children. Yet sometimes
9、 when things didnt go right, being a good example was _7_. When our meal arrived, I realized I had left the carsick pills in the truck.With the winding trip ahead, the kids needed them, so I _8_ myself from the meal and went to get them.Just then, the “doorman” was opening the door for a couple. The
10、y rushed past him without even acknowledging his _9_. Letting them in first, I said a loud “thank you” to him as I _10_When I returned, we talked a bit. He said he was not allowed inside _11_ he purchased food. I went back and told my family his _12_. Then I asked our waitress to add one soup and sa
11、ndwich. The kids looked _13_ as we had already eaten, but when I said the order was for the “doorman”， they smiled. When it was time to _14_ our trip, I found the “doorman” enjoying his meal. Upon seeing me, he stood up and thanked me heartily. He then _15_ out his hand for a handshake and I gratefu
12、lly accepted. I suddenly _16_ the tears in his eyestears of gratitude (感激)What happened next drew great astonishment: I gave the “doorman” a _17_. He pulled away, with tears _18_ down his face.Back in the truck, I fell into deep thought.While we cant choose many things in life, we can choose when to
13、 show gratitude.I said thanks to a man who had _19_ held open a door for me, and also said thanks for that _20_ to teach my children by example.1A.clean BmessyCpretty Dbright2A.service BappearanceCstate Dattitude3A.smokes BsmilesCsighs Dsmells4A.beyond BoverCaround Dinto5A.hated BignoredCmissed Dref
14、used6A.target BruleCrecord Dexample7A.stressful BaccessibleCawkward Dtough8A.excused BrefreshedCprevented Dforgave9A.company BpresenceCchallenge Dattack10A.quitted BmarchedCexited Dapproached11A.before BunlessCthough Dsince12A.story BdeedCexperience Ddemand13A.concerned BexcitedCpuzzled Dbored14A.ma
15、ke BstartCtake Dcontinue15A.reached BwashedCraised Dwaved16A.watched BinspectedCwitnessed Dnoticed17A.hug BnodClift Dstrike18A.slipping BrollingCrushing Dbreaking19A.firmly BconstantlyCsimply Dquickly20A.journey BwisdomCopportunity Dcommunity(一)【要点综述】作者以友善的态度真诚地对待一个外表很脏但为她开门的男人，并为他提供了一份食物和一个拥抱，由此感动了
16、对方。文章告诉我们，尽管生活中有很多东西无法亲自选择，但是我们可以选择什么时候去表达感谢。1B通过后面and可知，只有messy合适，意为“杂乱的”。2Bappearance“外表”，上文描写的是男人的外表，故选B。3Dsmell意为“味道难闻”，根据语境可以选出答案。4Abeyond意为“在范围外”。通过上下文可知，孩子的母亲不想让孩子以貌取人，而应该关注外表以外的东西，所以选beyond。 5Bignore“故意忽视不理睬”，通过前后文可知，当人们进入饭店的时候，许多人都无视这个外表很脏的男人。6Dexample“榜样”，下文有直接对应，且set an example也为常用搭配。7Dto
17、ugh困难的；stressful紧张的，压力重的；accessible可靠近的，可进入的；awkward尴尬的，笨拙的，别扭的。8A因为路途曲折，孩子们需要晕车药，所以作者需要去车里取药给孩子吃，所以选A。9B正在这时，这个男人为一对夫妇开门，这对夫妇快速从他身旁走过甚至都没有承认他的存在，即无视他的存在，正好与上文呼应，表明人们看都不愿意看这个男人，更不用说是礼貌友好地待他了。10C让那对夫妇先进来，然后作者向外走的时候对那个男人大声地说了声“谢谢”。11B男人说饭店不允许他进入，除非他买食物。12A“我”回来把那个男人的事情告诉了家人。deed和demand显然不对，而experience
18、一般指过去的经历，故也不合适。故选择story。13C因为家人不知道作者为什么在他们吃饱了的情况下又加了一份汤和三明治，所以选puzzled “迷惑不解”。14Dtake a trip、make a trip意为“旅行，外出”，start a trip意为“开始旅行”，因为文章开头明确说明作者和家人是在去往加利福尼亚的trip中停下来吃午饭，所以再次上路，应该选D“继续”。15A他伸出手和“我”握手，“我”感激地接受了。reach out 意为“伸出”。16Dnotice留心，注意到。17A接下来发生的事情更让人惊讶，“我”给了那个男人一个拥抱。 18Brolling表示眼泪不停地流下来，很形
19、象。19C“我”对一个男人表达了感谢，仅仅就是因为他为“我”开门，并且“我”也感谢这个机会，因为它让“我”以身作则教育了“我”的孩子。20C作者感谢这件事情，因为这是一个教育孩子的好机会。阅读理解-ATechnology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advance
20、s were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. Pe
21、ople also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into sma
22、ller and smaller tasks.Workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by todays standards. Highly skilled worker
23、s were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasnt the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmer away. The increased
24、 mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was
25、no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.1. In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the pr
26、oduction of goods?A. Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.B. The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.C. The increased use of machines to make products in less time.D. The use of machines producing parts of the same standard. 答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。从文章的第一段 “One of the
27、 first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product:” 可知，A、C、D都在文中提到了。故答案为B。2. According to the write
28、r, highly skilled workers _A. completely disappeared with the coming of the factory systemB. were dismissed by the bossC. were unable to produce goods of high standardD. were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。从文章第二段 “Highly skilled workers were unable to com
29、pare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.” 可知，机器批量生产的产品标准高，数量多，这是手工生产无法匹敌的。故答案为D。3. According to the passage, what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agricul
30、ture?A. Many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.B. They stuck to their farm work.C. They refused to use machines.D They did their best to learn how to use the machines.答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。从第二段的倒数第四句话 “They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial
31、centers.” 可知，答案为A。阅读理解 (2014江西八校联考)The forces that make Japan one of the worlds most earthquakeprone (有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its longterm energy solution.Water from deep below the ground at Japans tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.Although Japanese
32、 hightech companies are leaders in geothermal (地热的) technology and export it，its use is limited in the nation.“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji，a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production.The disastrous earthquake and tsunami
33、 on March 11,2011 caused a reaction against atomic power，which previously made up 30 percent of Japans energy needs，and increased interest in alternative energies，which accounted for only 8 percent.Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy，following the example of Iceland whi
34、ch uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploratio
35、n and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japans potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.“We cant even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric，adding that regulat
36、ions protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”The Earth Policy Institute
37、in Washington，US，believed Japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology，with a 70 percent market share.In 2010，Fuji Electric built the worlds large
38、st geothermal factory in New Zealand.1What would be the best title for the text?AAlternative energies in JapanBWorlds largest geothermal plantCJapan takes the lead in geothermal technologyDJapan thinks of geothermal energy2What percentage of Japans energy needs is geothermal energy?AAbout 8%.BBelow
39、1%.CAround 30%.DOver 80%.3According to Shigeto Yamada，the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs_.Aa change of rules Bfinancial support Clocal peoples helpDhigh technology4Geothermal energy is considered as a longterm program by_.AYoshiyasu Takefuji BHideaki MatsuiCShigeto Yamada DYoko Ono5It can
40、 be learned from the last two paragraphs that_.Athe worlds biggest geothermal plant was built by AmericaBJapan will not export its geothermal technologyCthe potential of Japans geothermal energy is greatDit is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan语篇解读本文为一篇科普说明文。让日本经常地震的一些自然力有可能会被转化成日本长期可持续利用的清洁能源，
41、即：地热。本文对其进行了详细介绍。1解析：标题概括题。根据文章第三段的导入和倒数第三段最后一句“We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term”，以及对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的“日本正在考虑如何使用地热”的问题，所以D项最适合做文章的标题。答案：D2解析：细节理解题。根据文章第七段“For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Jap
42、an.”可知，答案B符合文意。答案：B3解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段中的“adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow”可推知，答案A符合文意。答案：A4解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.”可知，答案B符合文意。答案：B5解析：推理判断题。根据对文章最后两段的整体理解可知，日本的地热能源潜力巨大。答案：C
