1、小题必练2：代词代词在近年高考试题中出现频率非常高。代词的考查集中在语法填空中，主要考查代词的主格，宾格，形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词和反身代词。预计2021年高考命题将继续考查代词在具体、特定语境下的灵活运用。特别是不定代词one，the one，ones，the ones与指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。考点仍然以人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词等为主。考点一人称代词 (2018全国卷 )When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I wa
2、s just glad to find_ (they) alive.【答案】them【解析】人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。空格前面是动词find，空格处应用宾格，故填them，指代上文的gorillas。考点二物主代词（2020全国1卷）Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether (it) plans for a future lunar base are practical. 【答案】its【解析】
3、根据句子结构和句意可知此处应用形容词性物主代词 its 作名词plans 的定语。考点三指示代词（2019天津卷）A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与th
4、e students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。考点四反身代词(2020.山东卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.【答案】themselves【解析】句意为：想象他们自己生活在一个不同的历史时期。此处为“imagine sb doing sth”结构，livin
5、g at a different time in history是动名词短语作 imagine 的宾语，反身代词 themselves 是living at a different time in history的逻辑主语。【点拨】当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填代词。此时，要根据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是事物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称代词外，也有可能是填不定代词等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it，替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的
6、不定式、动名词或从句。解题技巧如下：第一步：分析句子结构。若句子缺主语，则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；若动词或介词后面缺宾语，则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it。如果该宾格与主语是同一人，应用反身代词。第二步：理解句子意思。根据各个代词的意义和用法，以及句子所需的意义，填入合适的代词。一、单句语法填空1. By that time, the panda no longer needed(it)mother for food. 【答案】its.【解析】考查代词。观察句子结构可知，它的妈妈，用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its.2. A few hours earlier,
7、Id been at home in Hong Kong, with(it) choking smog. 【答案】its 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：带着窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its.3.The girl was sitting on the chair quietly, burying _ (she) in the magazine in the hands.【答案】herself【解析】考查反身代词。句意：女孩安静地坐在椅子上，把自己埋在手中的杂志里。与主句主语the girl相呼应，用反身代词herself，故填herself.4.My father kept _ (him) w
8、ord and treated me to a wonderful sightseeing trip after I won the contest.【答案】his【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我赢得比赛后，我父亲遵守了他的诺言，带我去游览了一番。keep ones word守信；遵守诺言，固定短语，设空处应用其形容词性物主代词形式。故填his.5.I wish to thank Mr. Smith, and without _(he) help I would never have got this far.【答案】his【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我要感谢史密斯先生，如果没有
9、他的帮助，我不可能走到今天这一步。因此空格处为his，故填his.6.However, he later finds out that his father was a wizard, and that his mother was a witch, both of _（they）murdered by an evil wizard.【答案】them【解析】考查人称代词。句意：然而，他后来发现他的父亲是一个巫师，他的母亲是一个女巫，他们都被一个邪恶的巫师谋杀了。此处指代他的父母，应用人称代词，位于介词之后，用宾格。故填them.7.If you want to go to the party
10、with me, you should behave (you) well.【答案】yourself【解析】考查反身代词。句意：如果你想和我一起去参加聚会，你应该表现得很好。动词短语behave oneself表现好，懂规矩，故填yourself.8.Generation after generation, our forefathers worked hard and created a splendid culture on this land of _ (us).【答案】ours【解析】考查名词性物主代词。句意：一代又一代，我们的先辈们在这片土地上辛勤工作，创造了灿烂的文化。根据句意可知
11、是在我们的土地上，of是介词，后边需要名词，根据句意，可知需要填名词性物主代词，故填ours.9.No matter when I go to a post office and no matter where the post office is, I always find _ (me) standing in a line behind someone who has a lot of business to do.【答案】myself【解析】考查代词。句意：不管我什么时候去邮局也不管邮局在哪儿，我总是发现自己排在某个有许多业务要办理的人的后边。本句主语是I，根据语境，此处表示“发现自己
12、”，find oneself doing sth.意为“发现自己在做某事”。故填myself.10. On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother. 【答案】their【解析】考查物主代词。句意：在我最近的一次拜访中，我帮助了一个被它们的母亲拒绝的可爱的双胞胎之一。题干中表示“它们的母亲”，所以填their.11. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get th
13、e same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give_ a try.【答案】running/it【解析】根据句意可知，此处表示“我们都应该尝试着跑跑步”，故填代词it，指代上文的running，此处也可直接填名词running/it。12.Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.【答案】it【解析】此处应用it作形式
14、主语，动词不定式短语to eat out为真正的主语。13. “She thought I had hurt _ (I),”says Pahlsson.【答案】myself【解析】句意：Pahlsson说：“她以为我伤到了自己”。根据前面的主语I可知，此处要用反身代词作宾语。14.On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother.【答案】its【解析】句意：在最近的一次参观中，我抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎大熊猫中的一只，这只大熊猫被它的妈妈遗弃了。此
15、处应该使用形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰名词mother。15.Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned a farm .Now it occurred to _ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.【答案】him【解析】“it occurred to sb.that从句”表示“某人突然想到”，此处指Mr.Johnson突然想到发生在他身上的事情，所以填him。二、语法填空Pa
16、ssage 1Pinyin is a successful tool, which 1 (teach) in China to school kids. It is not merely used by westerners like us. It has proved to be a useful tool for Chinese people 2 (they) to learn standard pronunciation in their early education.The first step is to learn how 3 (pronounce) each letter in
17、 pinyin correctly and the meaning of the tone markers. Then you have to do 4 (drill) as many as you can. Turn that into a game. It can be 5 (much) fun than you would expect. Start 6 single syllables and do that a lot and then syllable pairs. Slowly move on to larger groups. Understand the initial, f
18、inal and the tones.But most importantly, 7 you need is good feedback. Youd better have someone that can correct your mistakes immediately.Find a native Chinese, 8 can listen to you and correct you. If you take Chinese classes, the teacher will 9 (probable) have you do drills every class. Do this ver
19、y seriously.If you are self-studying, try to meet native Chinese people and ask them to give you some feedback. Otherwise, try to be self-critical and listen very carefully. Good 10 (listen) is more than 50% of what it takes to pronounce correctly.【答案】1. is taught2. themselves3. to pronounce4. drill
20、s5. more 6. with 7. what 8. who 9. probably10. listening【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何学习好中国的拼音提出了一些建议。1.考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子可知，tool为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，且与谓语teach为被动。因为本句在介绍“拼音”，所以本句为一般现在时。故填is taught。2.考查反身代词。分析句子可知，拼音已被证明是中国人在早期教育中学习标准发音的有用工具。所以Chinese people与they的反身代词为同位关系，所以填反身代词themselves。故填themselves。3.考查动词不定
21、式。how to do sth在句中作learn的宾语。故填to pronounce。4.考查名词复数。drill为可数名词，由“as many as”可知，应填drill的复数。故填drills。5.考查形容词比较级。由“than”可知，应填much的比较级more。故填more。6.考查介词。Start with“以开始”为固定短语且符合句意。故填with。7.考查连接代词。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句，主语为we，谓语为need，所以用what作need的宾语。what在名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常做主语、宾语、表语或者定语。故填what。8.考查关系代词。分析句子可知，a nativ
22、e Chinese为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语。所以关系代词为who。故填who。9.考查副词。probably为副词修饰动词have。故填probably。10.考查名词。Good为形容词修饰名词listening。故填listening。Passage 2On the way to the train station I noticed 11 mobile phone on the street. It seemed broken with the battery(电池) out. I decided to pick it up and try to put it toget
23、her to see if it worked. It 12 (do)! I chose a number from the contact list and found a woman who 13 (lucky) knew the owner so I called her to let her know I had the phone. She couldnt reach her so I asked a station guard for help; but he was not allowed to keep the phone.After 15 minutes, I worried
24、 about my train, 14 (think) what to do. Suddenly a man called the phone. It was the owners husband! I explained and he couldnt believe it. He asked 15 I could please wait for him, so I did. He came to the station in a few 16 (minute) and soon after his wife arrived.The look on 17 (they) faces made i
25、t all worth it. Id missed my train but felt so happy to have helped. They offered 18 (buy) me flowers or give me something, 19 I refused. I thanked them for it and told them their being so 20 (please) and grateful was more than enough for me.【答案】11. a12. did13. luckily14. thinking15. if/whether 16.
26、minutes17. their 18. to buy 19. but 20. pleased 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者捡到一部手机，经过一番周折，终于找到了手机的主人，并将其归还。11.考查冠词。本句是讲“我”在大街上看到一部手机，表示泛指，且mobile的发音以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。12.考查时态。根据文章第一句话可知，本文叙述的是发生在过去的事情，故要用一般过去时did。13.考查副词。该空修饰动词knew，应用副词luckily。14.考查非谓语动词。think和主语I是逻辑上的主谓关系，故该空填thinking。15.考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语
27、，且意为是否，故该空应填if/whether。16.考查名词复数。依据句中的a few可知此处用名词的复数形式minutes。17.考查代词。空处修饰名词faces，故应用形容词性物主代词their。18.考查固定搭配。offer to do sth意为主动提出做某事，是固定搭配。故填to buy。19.考查连词。句意：他们主动提出想买鲜花或别的东西给我，但是我拒绝了。上下文为转折关系，故填but。20.考查形容词。此处表示“我”告诉他们，他们的快乐和感激对“我”来说就足够了。该空和grateful并列，故应填形容词pleased。Passage 3Did you grow up in one
28、 culture, your parents come from another, and you are now living in a 21 (total) different country? If so, then you are 22 third culture kid.The term “third culture kid” 23 (use) in the 1950s for the first time by John and Ruth Useem. They first came across this phenomenon(现象) while 24 (research) No
29、rth American children living in India. Usually third culture kids benefit from 25 (they) intercultural experience and they often get good grades.Yet many 26 (difficulty) may arise from this phenomenon. Third culture kids may not be able to adapt(使适应) themselves completely to their new surroundings.
30、Also, they often find it hard 27 (develop) new friendship. Moreover, for a third culture kid, it is often 28 (easy) to move to a new country than to return to his or her homeland. For example, after living in Australia for many years, Louis finally returned to the country 29 she was born. She didnt
31、know anything about popular TV shows or fashion trends. And she didnt share the same values 30 other teens of her age.【答案】21. totally22. a23. was used24. researching25. their26. difficulties27. to develop28. easier29. where30. as【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“第三文化儿童”这个名词的来历以及第三文化儿童所面临的情况。21.考查副词。修饰形容词different用副词
32、，故填totally。22.考查冠词。句意：如果是这样，你就是一个第三文化儿童。kid是可数名词，且third的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a表泛指。23.考查时态语态。句意：“第三文化儿童”这个词是由约翰和鲁斯尤西姆在20世纪50年代首次使用的。时间状语in the2950s for the first time表明用一般过去时；The term与use之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was used。24.考查省略。句意：他们研究在印度生活的北美儿童的生活时第一次遇到这种现象。在时间状语从句中，主从句的主语一致且含有be动词的某种形式时，从句的主语和be可省略，此处省略了the
33、y were，故填researching。25.考查代词。句意：通常第三文化儿童能够从他们的跨文化经历中受益并经常取得好成绩。修饰名词intercultural experience用形容词性物主代词，故填their。26.考查名词。句意：然而这一现象可能产生很多困难。many修饰可数名词复数，故填difficulties。27.考查不定式。句意：此外，他们经常发现很难发展新的友谊。find it+adj.+to do表示“发现做某事”，故填to develop。28.考查形容词比较级。句意：此外对第三文化儿童来说，搬到一个新的国家比回到祖国更容易。than表明使用形容词比较级，故填easier。29.考查定语从句。句意：在澳大利亚生活了多年后，路易斯终于回到了她出生的国家。先行词为country，指地点，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。30.考查介词。句意：她的价值观和与她同龄的孩子不一样，the same as表示“与一致”，故填as。
