1、2015四川省岳池县高考英语阅读理解九月练习（2）及答案阅读理解-社会现象类-(2013湖北，D)阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.The pape
2、r, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 t
3、o 10, among other questions.The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to under
4、estimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observe
5、d was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder RLang, a professor at the University of ErlangenNuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their ac
6、tions than people who expected a rosy future.“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施)，”the authors wrote.Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good he
7、alth or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have drive
8、n health outcomes.However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.1According to the study, who made the most accurate p
9、rediction of their future life satisfaction?AOptimistic adults. BMiddleaged adults.CAdults in poor health. DAdults of lower income.解析细节理解题。由文章第四段第一句话“The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64)
10、more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”可知中年人可以更加精确地预测他们的未来。故选B项。答案B.2Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people_.Ato fully enjoy their present lifeBto estimate their contribution accuratelyCto take measures against potential risksDto value health more highly
11、 than wealth解析细节理解题。由第六、七段中的关键信息“.people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions.”及“.contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施).”可知对未来持悲观态度的人会对他们的行动更加小心并且采取一些预防措施，故选C项。答案C.3How do people of higher income see their future?AThey will earn less money.BThey w
12、ill become pessimistic.CThey will suffer mental illness.DThey will have less time to enjoy life.解析细节理解题。由第八段第一句话“Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”可知工资高的人会预料他们未来工资的下
13、降，故选A项。答案A.。4What is the clear conclusion of the study?APessimism guarantees chances of survival.BGood financial condition leads to good health.CMedical treatment determines health outcomes.DExpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.解析推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句话“We found that from early to lat
14、e adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，the authors concluded.”可知对未来生活满意度的预测随年龄的增长而下降。答案D.。AA woman renewing her drivers license at the County Clerks office was asked to state her occupation. She hesitated, uncertain
15、how to classify herself. “What I mean is,” explained the recorder, “do you have a job, or are you just a ”“Of course I have a job,” said Emily. “Im a mother.”“We dont list mother as an occupation housewife covers it,” said the recorder. One day I found myself in the same situation. The clerk was obv
16、iously a career woman, confident and possessed of a high sounding title. “What is your occupation?” she asked. The words simply popped out. “Im a Research Associate in the field of Child Development and Human Relations.”The clerk paused, ballpoint pen frozen in midair. I repeated the title slowly, t
17、hen I stared with wonder as my statement was written in bold, black ink on the official questionnaire. “Might I ask,” said the clerk with new interest, “Just what you do in this field?”Coolly, without any trace of panic in my voice, I heard myself reply, “I have a continuing program of research (wha
18、t mother doesnt), in the lab and in the field (normally I would have said indoors and out). Of course, the job is one of the most demanding in the humanities (any mother care to disagree?), and I often work 14 hours a day (24 is more like it). But the job is more challenging than most careers and re
19、wards are more of a satisfaction rather than just money.”There was an increasing note of respect in the clerks voice as she completed the form, stood up, and showed me out. As I drove into our driveway, buoyed up (鼓舞) by my glamorous new career, I was greeted by my lab assistants-ages 13, 7, and 3.
20、Upstairs I could hear our new experimental model (a 6 month old baby), in the child-development program, testing out a new vocal（嗓音的） pattern. I felt proud! I had gone on the official records as someone more distinguished and indispensable (不可缺少的) to mankind than “just another mother.”MotherhoodWhat
21、 a glorious career! Especially when theres a title on the door. 1. What can we infer from the conversation between the woman and the recorder at the beginning of the passage?A. Motherhood was not recognized and respected as a job by society.B. The recorder was impatient and rude. C. The author was u
22、pset about the situation that mothers faced. D. The woman felt ashamed to admit what her job was.2. How did the female clerk feel at first when the author told her occupation?A. curious B. indifferent C. interested D. puzzled3. Why did the woman clerk show more respect for the author?A. Because the
23、author cared little about rewards. B. Because she admired the authors research work in the lab. C. Because the writer did something she had little knowledge of.D. Because she thought the author did admirable work.4. What is the authors purpose of writing the passage?A. To show how you describe your
24、job affects your feelings toward it. B. To show that the author had a grander job than Emily.C. To argue that motherhood is a worthy career and deserves respect.D. To show that being a mother is hard and boring work. 【参考答案】14、ADDC 阅读理解Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husbands income.
25、So this year she did something more than a hobby: She planted vegetables in her yard. For her fist garden, Ms Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The familys old farm house has become a chicken bourse its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Ga
26、rtin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said,“The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too; so its a win-win situation all around.”They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling eco
27、nomy(经济), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Other have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say no since the 1970s have there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country hacek been sold ou
28、t for several months. In Austin, Tex., some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.George C. Ball Jr. owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40%, over last year, double the average growth of last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been bu
29、ilding for the last few years. The big one is striking use in me cost on food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruit and vegetables. Food prices have increase of higher oil price. People are driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there more time to garden.( ) 1. Wha
30、t does the word“residents”in Paragraph l probably refer to?A. chickens B. tomatoes Cgardens Dpeople( ) 2. By saying“a win-win situation all around”，MsGartin means that_.Ashe is happier and her garden biggerBshe may spend less and lose weightCshe is selling more and buying lessDshe has grown more var
31、ieties of vegetables( ) 3. Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?AMore Americans are doing it for funBThe price of oil is lower than beforeCTheres a growing need for fruitsDThe cost of living is on the rise( ) 4. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?AFamily
32、Food Planning BBanking on GardeningCA Belt-tightening Move DGardening as a Hobby阅读理解IQUIQUE, Chile (Reuters) Rescue workers at the San Jose gold and copper mine in northern Chile had reason to sing this week. A small hole drilled into the earth became a passage to freedom for 33 trapped miners, who
33、spent 69 days underground. “Never have people been trapped for so long so deeply,” says a doctor at NASA, the American space agency, which helped in the rescue.But the chief medical officer for the miners said most are in good enough health to leave the hospital within a day or so. The first three r
34、ecovered and went home Thursday night.For much of the day the miners relaxed with Chilean President Sebastian Pinera. The 32 Chileans and 1 Bolivian still wore special sunglasses to protect their eyes.A partial mine collapse on 5th August trapped them more than half a kilometer underground. They had
35、 to stretch a two-day food supply. For two weeks no one knew if they were alive or dead. Later, they received supplies.The first miner rescued on Wednesday was Florencio Avalos. The second was Mario Sepulveda, who talked about how the experience tested his faith. The last miner up was Luis Urzua, wh
36、o was the shift leader when his crew became trapped.Rescuers used a metal cage to pull the miners to safety in less than 24 hours faster than expected. The rescue capsule was a half-meter wide and known as the Phoenix, an imaginary bird from ancient stories. It bursts into flames but is continually
37、reborn and rises from the ashes.Chiles Navy built the capsule with advice from mining experts and NASA engineers. It worked like an elevator, traveling up and down on a cable through a shaft（竖井）drilled 622 meters into the rocks.Millions of people around the world watched the rescue. More than one th
38、ousand journalists traveled to the mine in the Atacama Desert to report on the rescue. They joined family members of the miners and rescue crews housed in an area of tents known as Camp Hope.5. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Rescued miners speak out B. A rebirth for 33 rescued mine
39、rs in Chile C. Miners life deep underground D. Chilean president honors rescued miners6. How many rescued miners are still in hospital? A. 3. B. 33. C. 30. D. 69. 7. A. It was a wooden cage like a capsule. B. It was named after a real Chilean bird. C. It worked efficiently in the rescue. D. It was b
40、uilt by NASA engineers.8. The rescue is great for the reason that _. A. it lasted so long and the miners were trapped so deep B. the American space agency took part C. Chilean President was on the rescuing spot D. 33 trapped miners were saved【参考答案】58、BCCA 阅读理解-ASince the 1970s, scientists have been
41、searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic school in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small
42、 robotic wheelchair directed by a persons thoughts.In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“our brain has billions of nerve ceils. These send signals through
43、the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”The r
44、esearchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the comput
45、er react to commands from the brain. Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: com
46、munication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit front. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.71.BCI
47、 is a technology that can A. help to update computer systems B. link the human brain with computersC. help the disabled to recover D. control a persons thoughts72. How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?A. By controlling his muscles. B. By talking to the machine.C. By moving his ha
48、nd. D. By using his mind.73. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?A. scalp computer cap wheelchairB. computer cap scalp wheelchairC. scalp cap computer wheelchairD. cap compute scalp wheelchair74. The team will test with real patients to A. make profits from
49、them B. prove the technology useful to themC. make them live longer D. learn about their physical condition75. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Switzerland, the BCI Research CenterB. New Findings About How the Human Brain WorksC. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the DisabledD. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries【文章大意】科普说明文。本文介绍了BCI脑机接口技术，它是帮助残疾人向机器输送指令。键词应该出现在标题中，选B。
