1、语法专项突破语法专项四 形容词和副词知识必备常用的顺序为:限定词(these,those)数量形容词(three)描绘性形容词(beautiful)大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large,long,high)新旧(old)颜色(red)国籍(Chinese)材料(wooden)用途(writing)被修饰名词(desk)。为了方便记忆,不妨试试如下口诀:限定描述大长高,形状年龄与新老;颜色国籍出材料,用途类别往后靠。记住以上规则是必要的,但还应多阅读,多体会,增强语感。如:all these last few days最近的这些日子a light blue silk skirt一条浅蓝色丝
2、裙an expensive purple cotton dress一条昂贵的紫色棉裙the first beautiful little white Chinese wooden bridge第一座美丽的中国小白木桥二、表语形容词表 语 形 容 词(如:afraid,alone,awake,asleep,alive,alike,ashamed,afloat,well,sorry,unable,worth,sure)并非只能作表语,它们还可以作补足语,有的还可以作后置定语(一般不作前置定语)。如:To my surprise,the diver is still alive after the
3、traffic accident.令我惊讶的是,交通事故发生后,司机还活着。She was the only person awake that night.她是那天晚上唯一醒着的人。三、形容词(短语)作状语形容词(短语)作状语表示伴随或结果。如:He returned home,safe and sound.他回到了家,安然无恙。The goat rolled over,dead.那只山羊翻了个身,死了。He is standing there,full of fear.他站在那里,充满了恐惧。四、有些副词置于句首或修饰全句,作评注性状语。如:Fortunately,he was not d
4、rowned and was saved by the PLA.幸运的是,他没被淹死,被解放军给救了。五、副词enough的用法1enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。如:Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.足够勇敢参加这次探险课的学生们肯定会学到很多有用的技能。Strangely enough,some famous scientists have the qualities of being both caref
5、ul and careless.很奇怪,一些著名的科学家具有粗心和细心双重特点。2 cannot.enough can not/never.to.再也不为过六、熟记下列几个有关形容词、副词的固定搭配Hes dead/blind drunk(very drunk)他喝得酩酊大醉。Hes wide awake.他完全没有睡意。Its raining/snowingheavily.雨/雪下得很大。Hes sound/fast asleep.他睡得很沉。Hes moving/breathing/drinking/smoking heavily.他吃力地移动/喘着粗气/酒喝得多/烟抽得多。七、thoug
6、h,(ever)since,in case等不仅可以作连词也可以作副词。如:He is old.He works hard,though.Though he is old,he works hard.他虽然年事已高,但他工作还是很努力。八、形容词和副词用于比较等级1比较级的常考结构(1)more.than.可表示“与其说不如说”。如:Hearing the loud noise,the boy was more surprised than frightened.(2)表示一方不及另一方时,用“less原级than”结构表示。如:This room is less beautiful than
7、 that one.(3)表示一方的程度随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the比较级(主语谓语),the比较级(主语谓语)”结构,意为“越就越”。(4)不与其他事物相比,表示事物本身程度的改变时,用“比较级and比较级”结构,意为“越来越”。如:Winter is coming,and the weather is getting colder and colder.(5)“the比较级of the two”表示“两者之中较为的那个”。如:Of the two boys,he is the taller one.2最高级需要注意的两个问题(1)三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the最高级”
8、结构表示。这种句式中一般有表示比较范围的介词短语,如:of the three,in our class,all over the world等;(2)“不定冠词最高级”相当于very,意为“非 常”,如:Its a most troublesome case.(不能错误地使用the most,因为此处不表比较,没有比较范围);(3)比较级和否定词连用可表达最高级含义,如:Ive never seen a better film than that.That is the best film Ive ever seen.我从未看过比这部电影更好的电影(即这是我看过的最好的电影)。注意:最高级可
9、被序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost,by no means等词语修饰,如:This box is by far(much/nearly/almost)the biggest.九、倍数表达方法倍数的表达方法有以下三种形式,即:1 A is three(four,etc.)times the size(height,length etc.of B如:The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.2A is three(four,etc.)times asas B如:Asia is fo
10、ur times as large as Europe.3A is three(four,etc.)times(形容词比较级)than B如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.注意:times表示倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double。十、形容词和副词的特殊用法形容词和副词有一些特殊的用法,考生在复习时要铭记在心,下面我们简要地总结一下:1对以ing结尾的形容词和以ed结尾的形容词的辨析,要注意以下两点:(1)以ing结尾的形容词多修饰或说明“物”,而以ed结尾的形容词则多修饰或描述“人”或人的表情,声音,微笑等。对比:T
11、he film,Harry Potter,is very interesting.(此处interesting修饰表“物”的名词film)We are all interested in the film,Harry Potter.(此处interested描述的是表“人”的代词We)2.关于too.to结构考生应特别注意的知识:(1)该结构跟否定词连用时,表示肯定的意思。如:You are never too old to learn.活到老学到老。(2)当它和willing,ready,anxious,eager,glad,pleased等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词连用时或too之前有all,o
12、nly等词修饰时,表示“非常,很”,如:She is too willing(only too pleased)to marry him.她非常愿意嫁给他。3so.that与such.that都能引导结果状语从句,但在这两个句型“soadj.a(n)单数可数名词that.”和“sucha(n)adj.单数可数名词that.”中,应注意其语序不同,如:She is so good a teacher that we all like her.She is such a good teacher that we all like her.她是如此好的老师以致于我们都喜欢她。4形容词或形容词短语独立
13、作状语的用法:形容词有时可以位于句首或句末,独立作状语,表示伴随或结果。如:He got home,hungry and cold.1扩大词汇量,准确辨析词义。形容词和副词含义丰富,运用灵活,掌握足够量的词汇,并且熟知它们的含义和用法是非常重要的。对于形容词和副词的学习,要做到“词不离句,句不离文”,注意一词多义。对于同义词和近义词要分类记忆,区分其含义。拼写复杂,记忆难度大的高级词汇也常常是考查的重点。如:技巧点拨Faced with those _ problems such as global warming,people in different parts of the world
14、today are supposed to work hand in hand.AtemporaryBwidespreadCridiculousDuniversal解析:句意:面对像全球变暖这样的世界性的问题,世界各地人民应该携起手来。temporary“暂时的”;widespread“普遍的,广泛的”;ridiculous“可笑的,荒谬的”;universal“全球的,全世界的”。答案:D2寻找隐含信息,使用比较级和最高级。高考试题对比较级和最高级的考查要求越来越高,而答案信息也越来越隐蔽。题目中通常不能看到than等的提示词,而是需要从语境中体会。如:(2012课 标 全 国)The re
15、sult is not very important to us,but if we do win,then so much _.A.the bestB.bestC.betterD.the better解析:句意:结果不是非常重要,不过如果我们赢了,那就再好不过了。so much the better“再好不过”。答案:D3分析句子成分,正确使用特殊句型。做语法题目时首先要分清句子结构,判断句子成分,如果是作定语、表语或补足语,一般应用形容词;如果作状语,修饰谓语动词、形容词或副词,一般应用副词。同时要分清句子结构,看看该句应用原级、比较级还是最高级。同时要正确使用含有形容词比较级的特殊句型和
16、倍数句型。如:This garden is _ that one.Atwice as big asBtwice so big asCtwice bigger asDtwice as biggest as解析:倍数表达法为:倍数as形容词原形as。答案:A4体会主语特征,注意形容词作状语。通常情况下副词作状语修饰动词、形容词或副词,但形容词也可作状语,通常表示主语所处的状态。如:Having been praised by the teacher,the little girl ran back home,_.Ahappily and satisfiedBeager and excitedlyChappy and satisfiedDanxiously and excitedly解析:句意:被老师表扬之后,这个小女孩非常满意,高兴地跑回家了。形容词作状语,说明主语的特征或者状态,故选C项。答案:C温示提馨请做:课时做业(44)(点击进入)