1、环保类精读语篇(2012山东高考阅读理解A)The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequence other countries might learn from its mistakes.超链接For thousands of years,Polynesian people lived on the remote island
2、of Nauru,far from western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter,a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island.However,because it was very remote,Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.Then whaling ships and oth
3、er traders began to visit,bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A tenyear civil war started,which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.Naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷
4、酸盐)on the island.In fact,it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate,which is a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began mining the phosphate.A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground;it is a strip mine.When a company stripmines,it removes the top layer of soil.Then
5、it takes away the material it wants.Stripminingtotally destroys the land.Gradually,the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.In 1968,Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.Unfortunate
6、ly,the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition,they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem their phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000,Na
7、uru was almost financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately$433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.功能一、听温馨提示在听录音之前，请不要阅读“精读语篇”的内容，以免影响练习听力的效果。本部分仅供高考测试听力的省市使用，以下各精读课同。先浏览题目然后带着问题听录音1When did the first European arrive?A1798.B1400.C20
8、00.2What did the whaling ships bring when they began to visit?AGuns.BAlcohol.CGuns and alcohol.3How long did the civil war last?A5 years.B10 years.C15 years.4How much was their land destroyed?A70%.B80%.C90%.答案：1.A2.C3.B4.C功能二、读第一步：速读文章，掌握文章大意1Whats the passage mainly about?_ The passage mainly tells
9、 us a Pacific island nation,Nauru,has changed from a beautiful place into an ecological disaster area,and implies that we should protect our environment.2理清时间线，找出关键词(完成下面框图)第二步：精读文章，理清细枝末节一、细读文章12段(一)遇到生僻的词汇怎么办？例：The ecological disaster is heartbreaking.这个生态灾难是令人痛心疾首的。(二)遇到难懂的疑难句怎么办？1Naurus heartbre
10、aking story could have one good consequence other countries might learn from its mistakes.破解方法破解此句的关键在于正确理解名词consequence和后面从句的关系。破折号后的部分是consequence的同位语从句，解释说明consequence的内容。尝试翻译 _瑙鲁的这段伤心故事可能有个好的后果，那就是其他国家可以从它的错误中得到教训。2For thousands of years,Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru,far
11、from western civilization.破解方法破解此句的关键在于正确理解far from western civilization在句中所作的句子成分，逗号在句中起了一定的干扰作用。far from western civilization 在句中作非限制性定语。尝试翻译 _几千年来，波利尼西亚人就居住在这座远离西方文明的孤岛上。(三)阅读理解56What might be the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo seek help for Naurus problems.BTo give a warning to other co
12、untries.CTo show the importance of money.DTo tell a heartbreaking story of a war.首段尤其首段的首句和末句往往是作者最想和读者交流的内容，是全文话题的所在和主旨大意的体现，因此认真阅读仔细分析首段，尤其首句与末句可以推断文章主题，从而顺利解答态度、意图的判断题。本题答案的出处就来自首段“Naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequence other countries might learn from its mistakes.”作者认为瑙鲁的故事可
13、以让其他国家从他们的错误中学到一些东西，作者的目的是警示其他国家。故答案为B项。二、细读文章35 段(一)遇到生僻的词汇怎么办？例：He stripped the skin from the banana.他剥去了香蕉皮。(二)遇到难懂的疑难句怎么办？1Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit,bringing guns and alcohol.破解方法这是一个简单句，现在分词短语“bringing guns and alcohol”在句中作伴随状语。破解此句的关键在于正确理解现在分词短语“bringing guns and alc
14、ohol”在句中所作的句子成分。尝试翻译 _后来捕鲸船和其他商人来到此地，带来了枪支和烈酒。2In fact,it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate,which is a very important fertilizer for farming.破解方法这是一个复合句，which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词phosphate。破解此句的关键在于找到先行词，同时能够辨认出其后的定语从句。尝试翻译 _事实上，它(这家公司)发现瑙鲁到处都是磷酸盐，这种物质对于庄稼来说是十分重要的化肥。(三)阅读理解57What
15、 was Nauru like before the Europeans came?ARich and powerful.BModern and open.CPeaceful and attractive.DGreedy and aggressive.一些试题要求考生判断符合特定条件的数个细节性信息。因试题题干既有符合条件的信息，又有不符合条件的信息，而各符合条件的信息又是数个，不少考生容易产生急躁心理。此时应静下心来，冷静地分析题干内容，弄清所问信息的逻辑角度，然后带着这一逻辑角度回到原文，弄清与题干要求一致的细节性信息是哪几处，它们与哪一个选项正好吻合。由第一段中的The Pacific
16、island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.和第三段中的Gradually,the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon可知，瑙鲁以前是一个平静美丽的小岛，故答案为C项。58The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from _.Asoil pollutionBphosphate overminingCfarming activity Dwhale hunting 解析：细节理解题。瑙鲁岛上的生态灾难是因为对磷酸盐的过度开采。
17、由第五段中的“Stripmining totally destroys the land.”和“Gradually,the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.”可知答案为B。答案：B三、细读文章67段(一)遇到生僻的词汇怎么办？例：The unwisely investing financially ruined the country.不明智的投资在财政上毁掉了这个国家。(二)遇到难懂的疑难句怎么办？Experts say that it would take approximately 433,600,000 and
18、more than 20 years to repair the island.破解方法 分析长难句的核心思想就是“提取主干”。再复杂的句子也是由一个个部分组成的，其中重要的是句子的主干，一般包括主语、谓语和宾语，因为它们是文章在传递信息时的主要载体，而其他成分不论有多长多复杂，都不过是起辅助作用的成分罢了。语法分析可以按照下列步骤来操作：(1)首先把长难句分解成若干个简单句。(2)找出连词和关键词，确定句与句之间的关系，分清主句和从句。本句是一个复合句；that在句中引导say的宾语从句；在宾语从句中it是形式主语，不定式to repair the island 是真正的主语；动词take后
19、有两个宾语，一个是“approximately 433,600,000”，另外一个是“more than 20 years”。尝试翻译 _专家说修复这座岛屿将要花费大约433600000 美元，同时将要持续20多年。(三)阅读理解59Which of the following was a cause of Naurus financial problem?AIts leaders misused the money.BIt spent too much repairing the island.CIts phosphate mining cost much money.DIt lost mi
20、llions of dollars in the civil war.解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Unfortunately,the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.Inaddition,they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.”可知，领导人投资的不明智，加上还要花更多的钱用在个人消费上，所以导致了财政问题。答案：A60What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph
21、?AThe ecological damage is difficult to repair.BThe leaders will take the experts words seriously.CThe island was abandoned by the Nauruans.DThe phosphate mines were destroyed.解析：选推理判断题。文中最后一段的最后两句话暗示，瑙鲁的生态灾难几乎很难恢复。最后一段讲的是岛上百分之九十的地方被破坏了，并不是矿被破坏了，故D项不正确。B、C项的内容在最后一段没有涉及。答案：A功能三、写(一)根据提示互译原文中的关键词汇1后果
22、_2遥远的_3文明_4环境_5修补；修理_6a beautiful place _consequenceremotecivilizationenvironmentrepair一个美丽的地方7an ecological disaster area _8learn from _9a heartbreaking story _10the social balance _11in addition _12run out _一个生态灾难区从中学习一个让人痛心的故事社会平衡另外用光(二)运用以上词汇完成句子1Nauru has been turned from _.瑙鲁已经由一个美丽的地方变成了生态灾难区
23、。2We can learn a lot from.从这个让人心痛的故事中我们可以学到很多。3It was the western civilization that _ .正是西方文明打破了它的社会平衡。a beautiful place into an ecological disaster areathis heartbreaking storydestroyed the social balance4Mining brought them a lot of money,but _.采矿业给他们带来了财富，但是破坏了整个生态环境。5There is a long way for them
24、.要修复这个岛屿还有很长的路要走。destroyed the whole environmentto repair the island(三)根据译文补全原文中的经典句式1Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit,.后来捕鲸船和其他商人来到此地，带来了枪支和烈酒。2In fact,it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate,.事实上，它(这家公司)发现瑙鲁到处都是磷酸盐，这种物质对于庄稼来说是十分重要的化肥。bringing guns and alcoholw
25、hich is a very important fertilizer for farming(四)短文写作环境保护是当今世界的热点话题之一，请你结合本文并根据自己的体会，写一篇80词左右的短文，谈一下我们应该从太平洋岛国瑙鲁的生态变迁中得到哪些警示。参考范文：_ Nauru has been turned from a beautiful place into an ecological disaster area and we can learn a lot from its heartbreaking story.Because it was very remote,Nauru had
26、littlecommunication with the outside world.It was the westerncivilization that destroyed the social balance,which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.Mining brought them a lot of money,but destroyed the whole environment.There is a long way for them to repair the island.功能四、说(一)朗读原文中的第1、2、7段，体会其中精彩的语句。(二)根据下列提示词语，复述文章内容。for thousands of years:remote beautiful island 1798：John Fearn,the whaling ships,the social balance,civil war 1899：discovered,destroyed 1968：the richest countries 2000：financially ruined,repair(三)朗读并背诵短文写作范文，体会其中的精彩词汇和句式，并运用到以后的写作中。
