1、从同位语到同位语从句一、同位语同位语是英语中的一种句子成分,用来补充说明另一个名词(短语)或代词的具体内容或情况;同位语常由名词、代词、数词、形容词或词组来充当。1. 名词(短语)后常跟另一名词作它的同位语。如:This is Professor Baker, head of our department. 分析:名词短语head of our department作Professor Baker的同位语,解释说明其具体情况。2. 有些同位语是代词或数词。如:We each put forward a proposal.分析:本句中的each是代词,作we的同位语,以补充说明参与执行动作put
2、 forward a proposal的主语we的范围。3. 有时可用形容词作同位语。如:Middle-aged, tall and thin, he looked like a typical farmer.分析:形容词短语middle-aged和tall and thin作代词he 的同位语,用来补充说明其年龄和体貌特征。4. 较复杂的词组作同位语。如:They visit eight cities, for example, London and Paris. 分析:这句话中的同位语由for example引出,同时它们也都是同位语不可或缺的一部分。二、同位语从句如果用整个句子充当同位语
3、,那么这个句子就叫同位语从句。它是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,在使用同位语从句时,应注意以下几个方面:同位语从句实质同位语从句在主从复合句中作某一名词的同位语,也就是说同位语从句说明被修饰名词的具体内容。如:The fact that he will come is surprising. 同位语从句在句中的位置1. 一般情况下同位语从句直接跟在某些名词如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。如:They were very much worried about the fac
4、t that you were sick. 2. 同位语从句有时不直接跟在它所说明补充的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。如:The news goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. The information spread that a new school would be built here. 同位语从句连接词的选用1. 同位语从句大多由连词that引导,that不作句子成分,但不能省略。如:I heard the news that our team had won. 2
5、. 引导同位语从句除连词 that外,还有连词whether;连接代词who,what,whose;连接副词 how,when,where,why等。如:He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. You have no idea how worried I was. 注意:if,which 不能引导同位语从句。3. 在名词doubt(怀疑)后的同位语从句中用whether连接;在no doubt之后的同位语从句中用that连接。如:There is some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. There is no doubt that they can complete the task on time.同位语从句的语气在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议,命令,要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should + 动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。如:Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer.