1、重点语法精析勤思巧学园地Period FourGrammar：Review of Verb Forms(3)复习动词形式()非谓语动词非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式。它们不能在句中充当谓语，可充当其他语法功能，可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用，在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动词的ing形式和动词的ed形式三种。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地非谓语动词有以下几种形式的变化。形式主动形式被动形式动词不定式一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have beendone完成进行式to have bee
2、nDoing/动词v.ing形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done过去分词一般式done/重点语法精析勤思巧学园地.不定式作宾语、宾语补足语一、不定式作宾语1能用不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,warn,request等。She pretended not to see me when I came in.当我进来时，她假装没有看见我。I hope to go to S
3、hanghai this summer.我希望今年夏天去上海。He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.他要求被派到西藏工作。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地【名师点津】不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，需用不定式的被动语态。2不定式作介词的宾语，常见的有but和except(除了)。如but或except前有实义动词do的某种形式时，不定式要省略to，反之，不省。“疑问词不定式”常作介词的宾语。I have nothing to do but sit here.除了坐在这里我什么也没做。He has no choice but to stay there
4、.他除了待在这里，别无选择。Can you give me some advice on how to work out the problem?关于如何解决这个问题你能给我一些建议吗？重点语法精析勤思巧学园地【名师点津】不定式作某些动词的宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，须先用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到宾补之后。常见的动词有：find，feel，make，consider等。I find it interesting to play the violin.我觉得拉小提琴很有意思。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地1跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow，beg，tell，ask,ord
5、er,persuade,cause,force,forbid,invite,request,want,warn等。Do you want me to help you?你需要我帮忙吗？Tell the boys not to play in the street.告诉男孩子们不要在街上玩。二、不定式作宾语补足语重点语法精析勤思巧学园地2有些动词如make，let，have，see，watch，hear，notice等用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to。I often hear him sing this song.我经常听到他唱这首歌。(主动)He is ofte
6、n heard to sing this song.(人们)经常听到他唱这首歌。(被动)重点语法精析勤思巧学园地【单项填空】David threatened _ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.Ato be reported BreportingCto report Dhaving reported解析 threaten to do sth威胁要做某事，threaten后接动词不定式作宾语，故排除B、D；report(报告)这一动作的执行者是David，因此用不定式的主动式。C重点语法精析勤思巧学园地I cant
7、 stand _ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses_talking while she works.Aworking；stopping Bto work；stoppingCworking；to stop Dto work；to stop解析 stand doing sth容忍做某事，refuse to do sth拒绝做某事。句意：我不能容忍跟珍妮一个办公室工作，她工作时总是喋喋不休。C重点语法精析勤思巧学园地.ving形式作宾语、宾语补足语一、v.ing形式作宾语1跟v.ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)有：enjoy，admit，avo
8、id，escape,consider(考虑)，delay,put off,give up,advise,suggest,dislike,mind,miss,practise,risk，appreciate等。I enjoy watching TV.What about you?我喜欢看电视，你呢？The doctor suggested his giving up smoking.医生建议他戒烟。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地【名师点津】ving形式作某些动词的宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，须先用it作形式宾语，而把v.ing形式放到宾补之后。常见的词有：find，feel，consider等。He
9、 feels it no use telling her about it.他觉得告诉她这件事情是徒劳无益的。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地2有些动词后既可接动名词作宾语，也可接不定式作宾语，但在意义上有很大差异。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地重点语法精析勤思巧学园地二、v.ing形式作宾语补足语以下动词后可用v.ing形式作宾语补足语：see，hear，watch，find，get，keep，notice，listen to，look at，leave，catch等。He kept the car waiting at the gate.他让车在门口等着。Toms father saw him sitt
10、ing on the eggs.汤姆的父亲看到他正坐在鸡蛋上。He was caught stealing in the station.他被看到在车站里偷东西。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地【比较网站】不定式和v.ing形式作宾语补足语在感官动词see，watch，hear，notice等和使役动词have后的宾语补足语后可用这两种形式。用v.ing形式时表示其动作正在进行；而用不带to的不定式，表示的是一个动作的过程。I heard him singing in the room.我听见他正在屋里唱歌。I heard him sing in the room.我听见他在屋里唱过歌。重点语法精析勤
11、思巧学园地【单项填空】Ladex doesnt feel like _ abroad.Her parents are old.Astudy BstudyingCstudied Dto study解析 考查非谓语动词作宾语的用法。句意：Ladex不愿意去国外留学，因为她的父母年纪大了。feel like doing sth想要做某事，习惯表达法。因此选B。B重点语法精析勤思巧学园地In the accident,he was lucky to escape _.Akilling Bto be killingCkilled Dbeing killed解析 考查动名词短语作宾语的用法。此处为“逃脱被
12、杀”，要用被动形式，且根据习惯，句中escape后要用动词的ing形式。句意：在这次事故中，他幸运地逃生。D重点语法精析勤思巧学园地.动词v.ing形式和动词ed形式作定语、表语一、作定语的区别1在语态上：v.ing形式表示主动；v.ed形式表示被动。2在时态上：v.ing形式表示的动作往往是正在进行；v.ed形式表示的动作已经完成。Do you know the girl(who is)dancing with your brother?你认识和你哥哥跳舞的那个女孩子吗？The stolen car(the car which was stolen)was found by the poli
13、ce last week.这辆被偷的车上周被警察找到了。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地二、作表语的区别1v.ing形式作定语时通常修饰的是指物或事的名词；作表语时它的主语通常也是事或物。2v.ed形式作定语时通常所修饰的是人；作表语时它的主语也通常是人。Hearing the exciting news,she was too excited to say a word.听到这个令人兴奋的消息，她激动得一句话也说不出来。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地【单项填空】The island，_ to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.Ajoining Bto jo
14、inCjoined Dhaving joined解析 考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。join是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。选C。C重点语法精析勤思巧学园地Look over theretheres a very long,winding path _ up to the house.Aleading Bleads Cled Dto lead解析 考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：看那儿，有一条长长的蜿蜒小路向上延伸到那座房子。leading作为path
15、的后置定语，相当于which leads。选A。A重点语法精析勤思巧学园地.连系动词连接主语，表示主语的身份、性质、状态的动词，称为连系动词(link verbs)。连系动词词义不完整，必须和表语一起构成主系表结构。常见的表示状态的连系动词有：be，look，seem，appear,smell,taste,sound,feel,sit,stand,lie,keep,stay,remain等。表示转换或结果的连系动词常见的有：become，get，grow，turn,go,come,fall,prove等。The park looks very beautiful.公园看起来很漂亮。She al
16、ways keeps silent whenever I see her.每当我看到她，她总是保持沉默。After graduation,she turned nurse.毕业之后她当了护士。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地【单项填空】Longjing tea and Wuyi tea are both famous,but which do you think tastes _？Awell Bgood Cbetter Dbest解析 tastes 是系动词，其后应跟形容词，故 A 项排除，又因是两者相比，又应排除 B 和 D,所以应选形容词的比较级形式。C重点语法精析勤思巧学园地在英语中，有不少词组
17、的词序倒置后，它们的意义就会不同，词组的性质也随之改变。下面比较一些在英语学习中常见的词组，以供参考。1in all总共，总计；all in疲劳。He made only two mistakes in the test in all.这次考试他总共才出了两个错。At the end of the race Li Lei was all in.在赛跑结束时李雷感到筋疲力尽了。语序颠倒，意义有别重点语法精析勤思巧学园地2one another(each other)互相；another one另外一个，再一个。We should help one another.我们应该互相帮助。There i
18、s a crack in this glass.Show me another one，please.这个杯子有裂痕，请给我拿另外一个。3short for.的简称，的简略形式；for short简称为，缩写。UK is short for the United Kingdom.UK是联合王国的简略形式。We call her Jo for short.我们简称她为乔。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地4too much太多，过分(后跟不可数名词，也可用作代词或副词)；much too太，非常(后跟形容词或副词)。He drank too much tea last night.昨晚，他喝的茶太多了。I
19、 cant afford the car.It is much too expensive.我买不起这辆车，它太贵了。5all over遍及，到处，全身；over all 总的来说，大体上。You can find people like him all over the world.你到处可以看到像他这样的人。I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我跌了许多跤，以至于全身青一块紫一块。Over all，the book is good.总的来说，这本书还不错。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地6turn in上交，(口语)
20、上床睡觉；in turn依次，轮流，逐个。Each student must turn in an English composition to the teacher once a week.每一位学生每周必须交给老师一篇英语作文。Its too late.I think Ill turn in.时间不早了，我要睡觉了。He picked up all the books in turn and examined them.他把所有的书都逐一检查。7hand in递交，交出；in hand在控制下，在掌握中。I handed in the watch to the policeman.我把那
21、块表交给了警察。We have the situation well in hand.我们已经控制了局势。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地8much as同一样，(用于句首)虽然，尽管；as much同等，一样。Plants need food,much as animals do.植物和动物一样，也需要食物。He was greatly respected,but his brother as much despised.他很受人们的尊敬，但他的兄弟则受到同等的蔑视。9before long不久以后；long before很久以前。You will see him before long.你很快就能
22、见到他。I saw the film long before.我很久以前就看过那部电影。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地10if only但愿就好了(用于感叹句或引导虚拟语气的条件句)；only if决不；除非(引导陈述语气的真实条件从句)。If only I could take a trip around the world!要是我能够环游世界该多好啊！If only he had not driven so fast,the accident wouldnt have happened.要是他开得没那么快，这次事故就不会发生了。Ill only come if you promise me th
23、at you wont invite Henry.除非你答应不邀请亨利，否则我不会来。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地11as such就其本身而论，作为的身份；such as诸如之类，像这样(用于列举同类事物)。Money,as such,doesnt bring happiness.钱，就其本身而言，并不能带来幸福。They were secondclass citizens and treated as such.他们是二等公民，也就是这样对待的。Sweet foods such as chocolate can make you fat.像巧克力之类的甜食能使人发胖。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地12far from(距)离很远，比差得远；from far从远处(方)，远远地。The moon is far from the earth.月亮离地球很远。Your work is far from(being)satisfactory.你的工作远不能令人满意。The stranger seems to have come from far.这陌生人似乎来自远方。
