1、课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Section Learning about Language 课件（人教版必修3，重庆专用）课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练研读材料，完成下列内容：一、重点单词熟记1_ n生物学n.生物学家2_ n万有引力3_ n卫星；人造卫星4_ adj.温和的；文雅的5_ n物理学家6_ adj.灭绝的；绝种的课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练7_ n气候8_ vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落答案1.biologybiologist2.gravity3.satellite4.
2、gentle5.physicist6.extinct7.climate8.crash课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练二、重点短语探究1block _ 挡住(光线)2as a result _ 结果3crash _ 撞击；撞入答案1.out2.of3.into课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练三、教材佳句背诵1 _ _ _ _ the moon is smaller than the earth and this prevents it from escaping from the earth.很显然月球要比地球小，这阻止了它从地球上逃跑。2However，_ the climat
3、e will change again is a concern for everybody on earth.然而，气候是否会再次变化，毕竟关系到地球上的每个人。答案1.Whats clear is that2.whether课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练1block out挡住(光线)(教材原句)As a result of this event，a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.(P29)由于这一事件，一团巨大的尘埃在空中形成，并阻挡了阳光。【句法分析】这是一个简单句。介词短语As a
4、result of在句中作状语；blocking out为结果状语。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练【用法归纳】block off(用路障)封锁；堵住；阻挡block up塞住；封住(孔；洞)block ones way挡住某人的去路A big building blocked out the view from the window.一座大楼把窗外的景物遮住了。The gas pipe has been blocked off to prevent escapes.煤气管道已被关闭，以防漏气。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练【典例剖析】Make sure the curtai
5、ns you choose can _ the strong sunshine that might come in your room.Agive out Bcome outCblock out Dtake out解析考查动词短语。句意：确保你选的窗帘能阻隔强烈的阳光进入你的房间。block out“挡住(光线)”，符合题意。give out“分发”；come out“出来；长出”；take out“取出”。答案C课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练【即境活用】完成句子你的自行车挡了我的路，请你移开点好吗？Your bike has _ _ _，but could you move it
6、 away?如果阳光被挡住，衣服晾干就会花费较长时间。If the sunlight is _ _，it will take more time for the clothes to dry.答案blocked my wayblocked out课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练2climate n气候(教材原句)Since the last ice age,the climate of the earth has not changed very much.(P29)从上次的冰川时代以来，地球气候就没有什么改变。【句法分析】这是一个简单句。since短语为时间状语，主句为现在完成时。课
7、前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练【用法归纳】C气候What if I told you that the climate could change?如果我告诉你说气候会变化呢？U局势；形势The economic climate remains uncertain.经济形势依然不确定。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练【辨析】climate/weatherclimate是气候，指的是从长时间范围来看，某地区的有规律性的天气情况，包括气温，降雨量，风力等；可以用不定冠词修饰，a cold climate 寒冷的气候。weather是天气，指的是短期内的天气情况；不可用不定冠词修饰。课
8、前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练【典例剖析】It was _ weather that we decided to go for a picnic that day.Aso fine Bsuch fineCso fine a Dsuch a fine解析考查固定句型。句意：那天那么好的天气以致于我们决定去野餐了。weather 为不可数名词，不能用冠词，应该用such.that句型。答案B课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练【即境活用】完成句子奥巴马作为总统在国际政治方面创造了新的气氛。Obama has as president created _ _ _ in internati
9、onal politics.马达加斯加的气候到底发生过怎样的巨变呢？How greatly has _ _ _ Madagascar changed?课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练天气预报说可能有阵雨。_ _ _ is for probable showers.答案a new climatethe climate ofThe weather forecast课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练3crash vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落n.相撞(事故)；(飞机的)坠毁；撞击声；爆裂声(教材原句)Other scientists believe that a comet crashed
10、into the earth long ago and caused the disappearance.(P29)其他科学家认为很久以前彗星撞到地球上，这导致恐龙灭绝。【句法分析】这是一个复合句。that引导的句子为宾语从句，其中连词连接的动词为并列谓语部分。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练【用法归纳】crash into/onto.撞到上with a crash随着撞击声She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her.她愤怒地冲出房间并随手把门砰的一声关上。A stone crashed throug
11、h the window.一个石块砰的一声砸进了窗子。考点警示crash作动词用后面常跟down，through，into，to，onto等。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练【一言辨异】He witnessed a serious train crash today.Two trains crashed into each other and let out a loud crash.今天他目睹了一起火车相撞事故。两列火车撞在了一起，发出了很大的爆裂声。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练【典例剖析】A car went out of control and _ into the
12、back of a bus.Aburst Bcrashed Cbroke Ddivided解析句意：一辆轿车失控撞到一辆公共汽车的尾部。crash into“撞上”；burst into“闯入；突然”；break into“破门而入”；divide.into“把分成”。答案B课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练【即境活用】完成句子汽车突然撞在一块大石上并燃烧起来。The car _ _ a big stone and burst into flames.许多旅客在火车车祸中丧生了。A lot of passengers were killed in _ _ _.答案crashed into
13、the train crash课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练语法导图课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练知能精解.基本用法主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的句子，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练.精要讲解1引导主语从句的三类连词(1)从属连词：that，whether/if等。that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。That he will attend the meeting has excited every one of us.他要来参加会议使我们每一个
14、人都十分激动。Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.这项工作能否按时完成还不一定呢。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练考点警示whether/if引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，起连接作用，但有自己的意义，也不可省略。Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.我们乘火车还是乘船没差别。whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练(2)连接代词
15、who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever等。连接代词引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。Who will take his place is not important.谁将代替他并不重要。(3)连接副词连接副词有when，where，how，why等。连接副词引导主语从句，并在从句中作状语。When we will have a meeting is an important question.我们何时举行会议是一个重要的问题。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练2主语从句在句中位置主语从句可以直接放在句首；也
16、可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.That she has made such a mistake is a pity.她犯了这样一个错误，真遗憾。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练【点津】that引导的主语从句大多数要放到句末。what引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句末和句首都可以。如果带主语从句的句子是疑问式，则须用it作形式主语。Has it been announced when the planes are to take off?
17、飞机宣布什么时候起飞了没有？课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练3主语从句常见结构主语从句常见的就是用it作形式主语的复合句结构(1)It be名词词组主语从句常用于这种句型的名词有a pity,a shame,a fact,an honour,a wonder,no wonder等。Its no wonder that she speaks English so well.难怪她英语说得那么好。(2)It be形容词主语从句It is obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.
18、很明显咖啡店的经理在等李方离开。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练(3)It be过去分词主语从句It is said that that is where the famous singer was born.据说，那儿就是那位著名的歌星出生的地方。(4)It不及物动词(happen,seem,appear,etc.)主语从句It seems to me that you disagree with the plan.在我看来，你好像不赞成这个计划。(5)It及物动词宾语that从句It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenl
19、y.让他吃惊的是他们突然来看他。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练4主语从句注意事项(1)从句的语序：在任何情况下，主语从句都用陈述语序。Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你们谁第一个到达这里谁就获奖。(2)主谓一致从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式；但what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。What they need are books.他们需要的是书。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连
20、接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。whether引导的主语从句，如果用了形式主语it，引导词whether可以换成if。如果whether从句在句首或后面直接跟有or not时，不能用if替换。Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided.(此时whether与if不可互换)课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练【典例剖析】(2012山东高考)It
21、 doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.Ahow BwhetherCwhat Dwhy 解析考查名词性从句。前面的it是形式主语，空格后面是真正的主语。句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，其他选项都不符合句意。答案 B课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练(2012新课标全国)It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike.Ahow Bwhich Cthat Dwhat解析考查名
22、词性从句的引导词。句中it是形式主语，主语从句中缺少do的宾语，故选择what作为主语从句的引导词，且充当从句中谓语动词do的宾语。答案D课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练(2012江西高考)It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.Awhether BwhereCwhich Dthat解析考查连词。It occurs/occurred to sb that.是固定句型，表示“某人突然想起”。it是形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。答案D课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练(2012湖南高
23、考)Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time.Awhy Bhow Cwhether Dwhen解析考查名词性从句。句意：山村里的每个人都很友好。无论你住在这儿时间是否长短都没有关系。根据结构词or就很容易断定：whether.or。答案C课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练(2012天津高考)It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth ro
24、ads lead to the park.Awhether Bhow Cif Dwhen解析考查名词性从句。题干为主语从句倒装句，it为形式主语，真正的主语是主语从句“_you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.”。根据语境结合关键词or可知，A选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为A选项。答案A课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练(2011陕 西 高 考)It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.Athat Bhow Cw
25、hen Dwhy解析考查名词性从句。句意：那位男士为什么没有及时举报事故尚不清楚。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个主语从句，再结合句意可知应用why引导。答案D课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练知能精练.完成句子1他们什么时候来还没有宣布。_ _ _ _ hasnt been made public.2你留下的只是几本旧书。_ _ _ _ only several old books.3谁杀死了那位科学家，仍然是个问题。_ _ _ _ remains a question.课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练4他为什么没来谁也不清楚。_ _ _ _ here is not clear t
26、o everyone.5很遗憾你昨天没有和我去看电影。_ _ _ _ you didnt go to see the film with me yesterday.6这里所说的一切都让我们深思。_ _ _ here has left us much to think.7据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。_ _ _ _ China has sent another manmade earth satellite into orbit.课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练8他根本没想到他会陷入困境。_ _ _ _ him that he would get into trouble.9
27、我们将在哪里举行篮球赛不是很明朗。It is not clear _ _ _ _ the basketball match10我们如何去那里还是个问题。_ _ _ _ is a question.课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练答案 1.When they will come2.What you left are3Who killed the scientist4.Why he didnt come5.Its a pity that6.Whatever was said7.It is reported that8.It never occurred to9.where we will
28、hold 10.How we get there课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练.单项填空1_ parents say and do has a lifelong effect on their children.AThat BWhich CWhat DAs解析考查名词性从句。句意：父母所说的和做的对他们的孩子产生终身影响。Say与do后面没有宾语，句意“的”，故用疑问代词what。答案C课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练2_ disturbs me most is his lack of responsibility and safety awareness.AIt BThat
29、 CWhat DWhich解析考查名词性从句。句意：最困扰我的是他缺乏责任心和安全意识。根据句意“最的”以及主语意思不确定，故用what合适。答案C课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练3It is not clear _ the effects of global warming will be.Ahow Bwhich Cthat Dwhat解析考查名词性从句。句意：地球变暖将影响到什么程度，还不是很明朗。由此处意思“对影响”推知用疑问代词what。答案D课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练4It has been proved _ eating vegetables in child
30、hood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.Aif Bthat Cwhen Dbecause解析考查名词性从句。句意：据验证在孩提时多吃蔬菜有助于保护他们在今后的人生中免受疾病侵害。此处为it.that句式，句意完整，应该用that引导主语从句，it为形式主语。答案B课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练5It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.Awhich Bthat Cif Dfor解析考查名词性从句。句意：使她担忧的是她头发灰白了。此处it为
31、形式主语，后面的句子为真正主语从句并且句意完整，故用that引导。答案B课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练6What made her parents so angry?_ she had failed in the examination.AAs BBecause CSince DThat解析考查名词性从句。句意：什么使得她父母这么生气？考试不及格。根据语境此处回答上句what内容，成分为主语并且意思完整故用that引导。答案D课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练7I read about it in some book or other,does it matter _ it w
32、as?Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwhich解析考查名词性从句。句意：在某本书或其他地方我读到这个内容，它出自有关系吗？此处it为形式主语，根据前句.or.可知选择，故用which引导主语从句。答案D课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练8_ different life today is from _ was 50 years ago!AWhat a;what BHow;what CWhat;what DWhat a;how解析考查名词性从句。句意：与50年前的生活相比，眼下是多么的不同啊。句子为对名词进行的感叹，用what；后面表示“样子”用what。答案A课前自主导学考点难点
33、易混点语 法 讲 练9_ get such a book?AWhere do you think can IBDo you think where can ICDo you think where I canDWhere do you think I can解析 考查名词性从句。句意：你认为我能从哪里弄到这本书？此处.think.为插入语，根据其疑问句特点，疑问词置于句子前面，主句用陈述句语序，故可知答案。答案D课前自主导学考点难点易混点语 法 讲 练10It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.Aone Bthat Cwhat Dit解析 考查名词性从句。句意：不在乎你的出身和个人状况，只要能做这项工作即可。根据句式此处it为形式主语，后句意思完整，用that引导。答案B
