1、Module 8The Lively Arts选修阅读教程考点串讲讲练互动英语阅读理解预读从预读的角度来说,我们可以将所遇到的英语文章分为三类,即有标题文章、无标题文章和新闻体裁文章.下面就围绕这三类文章的预读方法和步骤作一个简单介绍.首先,预读有标题的文章.预读这一类文章相对较容易,因为文章的标题可以帮助读者了解文章的主旨和大意.预读有标题文章的步骤可以总结为以下5点:1.读文章的标题和副标题.标题一般会表明文章的大主题,而副标题主要会告诉读者文章在大主题下的着眼点、角度和阐述方式.2.读文章的引言或首段.一般议论性文章的引言和首段起到引入文章内容的作用,通过预读文章的引言或首段可以很快地理
2、解文章议论的起点和方向.3.读文章中黑体字的小标题.有些文章中会出现以黑体字形式出现的小标题,这些小标题往往表明文章某一部分的主旨和大致内容,因此预读这些黑体字小标题可以帮助读者迅速掌握文章各个部分的大意,便于理清文章的脉络.4.读文章中每段的首句或尾句.在大多数英语测试的阅读文中,文段的首句和尾句往往会标明文段的主旨和大意.5.读文章的最后一段.文章的最后一段一般包含对文章的总结和概述,通过预读文章的最后一段也可以帮助读者掌握文章的主旨意思.其次,预读无标题的文章.虽然标题对于读者迅速掌握文章的主旨有很大帮助,但在英语测试中不是所有阅读文章都会有标题出现.由于缺少标题信息,预读无标题的文章要
3、比预读有标题的文章难度大些.预读无标题文章的步骤与预读有标题文章的步骤类似,唯一的区别是要加强预读每一段的首句.因为在英语阅读中,首句又叫Topic Sentence,即主题句,往往要表达出该文段的总体意思,因此在没有文章标题的情况下,通过认真预读每段的首句同样可以把握文章的整体意义.预读无标题文章的步骤可以简单列为以下3点:(1)预读文章引言或首段;(2)预读文章各段的首句;(3)预读文章尾段和总结.最后,预读新闻类文章.预读对于阅读新闻类的文章非常有帮助,因为新闻类文章结构相对较简单,通过预读可以帮助读者快速地掌握文章的大部分信息,为细致的阅读和完成阅读问题起到很好的铺垫.预读新闻类文章可
4、以总结为3个步骤:(1)预读文章标题.由于新闻体裁的特殊性,新闻标题的作用尤其重要,因为它往往是一篇新闻文章意思的高度浓缩;(2)预读文章的首段.新闻体裁文章的结构属于倒金字塔结构,即开头的内容和信息与文章的主题较紧密而中间和结尾所承载的信息相对较远.新闻体裁文章的首段往往包含的是整篇文章最重要、最主旨性的信息内容,后面的部分主要是细节的描述,文章的末尾则一般是一些新闻背景知识.所以预读新闻体裁文章的首段非常必要;(3)如果文章有副标题和小标题的话,还要认真预读副标题和小标题,以便更进一步把握文章的主旨及整体结构.(2011年高考山东卷)Since the 1970s,scientists h
5、ave been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Braincomputer interface(BCI)technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.Recently,例例two researchers,Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne,Switzerland,demonstrated(展示)a s
6、mall robotic wheelchair directed by a persons thoughts.In the laboratory,Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“Our brain has billions of nerve cells.These send signals through
7、 the spinal cord(脊髓)to the muscles to give us the ability to move.But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,”Tavella says.“Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”The rese
8、archers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮)and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the computer react
9、 to commands from the brain.Prof.Millan,the team leader,says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands.“The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories:communication,and
10、 controlling devices.One example is this wheelchair.”He says his team has set two goals.One is testing with real patients,so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.75.Which of the following
11、would be the best title for the text?A.Switzerland,the BCI Research CenterB.New Findings About How the Human Brain WorksC.BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the DisabledD.Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries【解析】主旨大意题.本文是新闻文体,因此要关注首段的中心,由首段的第二句话“Braincomputer interface(BCI)technology could
12、 help people with disabilities send commands to machines.”推断选C.【答案】C跟踪训练Hey,all you Muggles,witches,and wizardsare you ready for the grand finale of the Harry Potter series?J.K.Rowling announced on Thursday the title for book sevenHarryPotter and the Deathly Hallows.Book seven in the Harry Potter se
13、ries will pick up where book six,Harry Potter and theHalfBlood Prince,left off.With the last chapter of book seven,the magical adventures of Harry,Hermione,Ron,and friends will come to an end.“I am alternately delighted and worried,”says Rowling on her official Website.She made the announcement of t
14、he book title on the Web site.Rowling is currently busy putting the finishing touches on the book.“Im now writing scenes that have been planned,in some cases,for a dozen years or even more,”says Rowling.Rowling adds that she has been working very hard on this final installment in the series.With the
15、 title now set,she assured fans that she will indeed finish this book.“I both want,and dont want,to finish this book,”Rowling says.Its not too late to catch up on the rest of the series.You can also reread your favorite books while waiting for the last one.The publication date for book seven has not
16、 been set.To make the waiting a little easier,theres always the next Harry Potter movie,Harry Potter and theOrder of the Phoenix,which is scheduled for release in July 2007.1.Whats the name of the last issue of the Harry Potter series?AHarry Potter and the Deathly HallowsBHarry Potter and the HalfBl
17、ood PrinceCHarry Potter and the Order of the PhoenixDHarry Potter and J.K.Rowling解析:选A.细节题.根据第一段最后一句可知哈利波特第七期命名为:哈利波特与死圣.2.Muggles,Harry,Hermione and Ron could probably be_.Athe best friends of J.K.RowlingBthe characters of the Harry Potter seriesCthe fans of Harry PotterDthe publishers of the Harry
18、 Potter series解析:选B.推测题.根据第一段最后一句提到:在最后的一章里,这些角色充满魔幻的冒险将结束.由此可知这些人物都是哈利波特系列中的人物.3.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?AHarry Potter series will be published on the Website.BBook Seven of Harry Potter series will be published before July 2007.CBook Seven is being written as planned years
19、 ago.DHarry Potter will come to the end of his life.解析:选C.细节判断题.第三段第一句罗琳说:我正在按原计划编写故事的场景,有些已经计划十多年了或更多.C项与此意义相符.4.In the last paragraph,the writer _Aencourages readers to act out a play following the Harry Potter movies Bpersuades readers into reading their favorite book rather than Harry Potter seriesCstates that seeing the Harry Potter movies is the best way to catch up the seriesDadvises readers to wait for the publication of Book Seven patiently解析:选D.段落大意题.最后一段作者提出哈利波特7出版日期还没有确定,出版之前的这段时间可看看你最喜欢的书,或观看哈利波特系列电影,哈利波特与凤凰社将于2007年7月发行.由此可知作者建议读者耐心等待.本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
