1、组合练(十)阅读理解阅读七选五语法填空.阅读理解A Perfectionism(完美主义)is always encouraged in our society.In one study，researchers found that over the time period studied，college students reported increasing levels of perfectionism: they held themselves to higher standards，felt there were higher expectations placed on them，
2、and held others to higher standards.Importantly，the biggest increase was in the social expectations that young adults picked up on from the surrounding environment.The researchers believe that this could be because society is increasingly competitive: college students might pick up on these pressure
3、s from their parents and from society，which would increase perfectionist tendencies. Since perfectionism is associated with negative outcomes，what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior?One possible alternative to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists ca
4、ll a growth mindset.Researchers at Stanford University have found that developing a growth mindset is an important way to help us learn from our failures.Unlike those with fixed mindsets，those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologist
5、s point out that parents can play an important role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towards failure: they can praise their children for making an effort and help children learn to persevere(坚持不懈)when they make mistakes. Another potential alternative to perfectionism is to devel
6、op selfcompassion(自怜)To understand selfcompassion，think about how you would respond to a close friend if they made a mistake.Chances are youd probably respond with kindness and understanding，knowing that your friend meant well.The idea behind selfcompassion is that we should treat ourselves kindly w
7、hen we make mistakes，remind ourselves that mistakes are part of being human，and avoid being consumed by negative emotions. Although people are sometimes hesitant to give up their perfectionist tendencies，psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesnt mean being less successful.In fact，b
8、ecause mistakes are an important part of learning and growing，hugging imperfection can actually help us in the long run.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要建议我们放弃完美主义。1What mainly leads to college students increasing levels of perfectionism?AThe family background.BSocial environment.CPersonal choices.DNational policie
9、s.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，研究人员认为，导致年轻人对完美主义的追求加剧的主要原因是社会激烈竞争的环境。答案：B2What should we do to have a growth mindset?ALearn from our parents.BTry to avoid making mistakes.CChange the way we look at failure.DChange our attitude towards success.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知，所谓成长的心态，主要是我们要将错误和失败看作学习的机会。答案：C3What is the key to
10、developing selfcompassion?ASticking to your principles.BIgnore what others think of you.CChallenging and improving yourself.DUnderstanding and accepting yourself.解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，自我同情的关键在于认识到任何人(包括自己)都会犯错，接受不完美的世界(包括别人和自己)，然后善待别人，也善待自己。答案：D4Whats the text mainly about?AHow to deal with perfectioni
11、sm.BWhy perfectionism is on the rise.CThe problems with perfectionism.DThe possible effects of perfectionism.解析：主旨大意题。本文第一段指出大学生当中追求完美主义的情况在加剧，第二段分析其原因，接下来告诉我们如何放弃完美主义。由此可知答案。答案：AB We live in an age of information.All the information should allow us to make informed，datadriven decisions all the time
12、.But this does not mean that you actually use all the information even if you have it.In fact，people readily make snap judgments in a variety of situations.People form lasting impressions of others within a second and consumers make shopping decisions based on little consideration. In a recent study
13、，we asked participants to imagine having pleasant or unpleasant talks with another person.For comparison，we asked another group of participants to consider how many of those talks they would need to determine someones character.We found that people believed they would need many talks to make this ju
14、dgment，while in fact the first group needed few.In another study，we asked some students to write applications for some positions，and then asked actual HR people to read their material.The students wrote much more material than the recruiters cared to read. There are several reasons why people might
15、have the wrong impression about making judgments.One possibility is the belief that the human mind processes information incrementally (递增地)，considering that new information is added to old information until some mental level is reached for making a decision.In reality, however，the first few pieces
16、of information weigh(有影响)much more heavily than the later information. Sometimes quick decisions are accurate and can save time.However，they may sometimes lead to misunderstandings.Imagine a situation in which a manager with limited information forms an opinion of an employee he is unsure about.A ma
17、nager who sees an employee make a small misstep(错误)in an unimportant project may avoid offering him challenging projects in the future，which in turn would affect this employees career development. Modern technology allows any decision made today to be more informed than the same decision made a few
18、decades ago.But the human reliance on quick judgments may avoid this promise.In the exploration for more informed decisionmaking，researchers will need to explore ways to encourage people to slow down the judgment.语篇解读我们生活在信息时代，我们掌握的信息使我们作出有依据的、数据导向的决定，但有时我们并不依据这些信息作决定，这样作出的决定有时可能会导致不好的结果。5Whats the
19、meaning of the underlined word “snap” in Paragraph 1?ASlow.BNegative.CQuick. DSatisfying.解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中的within a second和based on little consideration可知，snap judgments指的是仓促的判断，由此可知，画线词的含义与quick的含义相近。故选C。答案：C6The studies in Paragraph 2 suggest that when people make judgments，they _Aare easily inf
20、luenced by their current moodsBprefer to communicate with people they trustCtend to learn from their previous experiencesDactually use less information than expected解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，最近的这项研究发现，人们认为他们需要很多次谈话才能作出这样的判断，而实际上第一组参与者只需要很少的谈话；根据第二段最后一句可知，另一项研究表明，学生们写的申请材料比招聘人员愿意看的多得多。由此可知，这两个研究表明当人们作判断的时候
21、，他们实际上使用的信息比所期望的要少。故选D。答案：D7What can we know according to Paragraph 3?AGood thinking habits help improve mental health.BEarly information contributes more to decisionmaking.CNew information is more important for knowledge development.DOld and new information will combine to create careful judgments.
22、解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，实际上，前几条信息比后来的信息的影响要大得多。由此可知，在作判断的时候，早期信息的影响力度更大。故选B。答案：B8What does the example in Paragraph 4 show?ADecisions based on less information can lead to harmful results.BWe can make progress by challenging ourselves.CExcellent employees are good at analyzing information.DGood communi
23、cation skills are necessary for an able manager.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，迅速作出的决定有时可能会导致误解；下文紧接着举例来说明这一情况可推知，这个例子表明，基于较少信息作出的决定可能导致有害的结果。故选A。答案：A.阅读七选五Hollywood(好莱坞)movies are regularly filled with violence.They can be exciting films but sometimes all you want is a little lighthearted entertainment. So
24、have you heard of Bollywood？All singing，all dancing and unrealistic，it is the perfect alternative to normal Hollywood movies.Bollywood is the Indian film industry，based in Mumbai，formerly known as Bombay._1_Yet Bollywood is the largest producer of films in the world.This year the Indian Filmfare Awa
25、rds，Bollywoods Oscars，turn 64 years old. The typical Bollywood movie usually has the following ingredients：a cup of romance，a teaspoon of comedy，a dash of international sightseeing，served with a huge slice of singing and dancing.There will also be one brave hero，one beautiful heroine and one baddie(
26、坏人)_2_ Bollywood films are full of ideal things and free of daily worries._3_ The actors change clothes and locations within a single song.But the audience dont mind.To Indian movie lovers，especially the poor，such films are a gateway to heaven.The films take them to a magical world away from their e
27、veryday troubles.The films tell them the impossible is possible and that true love conquers all. _4_ Behind the beautiful scenes，Bollywood still emphasizes family values.In most films，if two lovers want to break an arranged marriage，they cant just run away.They must win over their parents. Bollywood
28、 films are decent refreshing replacements for those excessively stimulating Hollywood films._5_ They will take you to a brighter，more cheerful and colorful world，where its still cool to dance around a tree and sing a love song.AThere is little mention of politics，poverty and war.BBollywood has gradu
29、ally won its reputation on the world stage.CBollywood films give the false impression that all the Indians are happy and romantic.DMost Chinese school kids have probably never seen an Indian film.EThe result is a funfilled musical.FBollywood pays great attention to traditional values.GSo if youre ti
30、red of all that Hollywood action，check out the Bollywood films.语篇解读文章主要介绍了印度宝莱坞电影的特点，如营造理想化、没有日常烦恼的世界。1解析：根据该空后的“Yet Bollywood is the largest producer of films in the world.(然而宝莱坞是世界上最大的电影制造商)”中的yet可知，该空的内容与这句话形成对比，而D项“大多数中国学生可能从未看过一部印度电影”可以与之形成对比，故选D。答案：D2解析：本段主要介绍的是宝莱坞电影的构成要素，如浪漫、喜剧、音乐、舞蹈；由此可知，其结果
31、应是一个充满乐趣的音乐剧。故选E。答案：E3解析：根据空前一句“Bollywood films are full of ideal things and free of daily worries.”可知，宝莱坞电影充满了理想的东西，没有日常的烦恼。又结合本段其他内容可推知，A项“几乎没提到政治、贫穷和战争”与此处匹配。答案：A4解析：根据该空后的“Behind the beautiful scenes，Bollywood still emphasizes family values.”可知，本段讲的是宝莱坞电影对传统价值观的关注。故选F。答案：F5解析：空前一句表述宝莱坞电影是那些令人过度兴
32、奋的好莱坞电影的相当不错的、别具一格的替代品，故G项与此处匹配。答案：G.语法填空Photos of an American trophy(战利品)hunter standing next to a black giraffe that she had just killed in South Africa have caused anger online.It has caused a 1._(heat)debate on whether or not trophy hunting should be allowed.Trophy hunting is the hunting of wild
33、 game for human 2._(enjoy)Trophy hunting is a legal practice in 3._ number of African countries，including South Africa，Namibia，Zambia and Zimbabwe.4._(usual)a certain amount of money is paid to the government to help wildlife protection.“5._(few)than 100，000 giraffes remain in Africa.Their populatio
34、n 6._ (fall)down by 40% over the last 25 years.They are now on the red list of threatened species.They could die 7._Gone forever，”said animal activist Ricky Gervais.“It is shocking that someone would take pleasure in killing a 8._(beauty)and graceful animal like a giraffe.The cruel American hunter i
35、s a heartless，selfish murderer.”The American hunter defended her actions.“The giraffe was an old male 9._ was attacking and killing younger giraffes，” she said.“This is called protection through game management.Now that the giraffe is gone，the younger giraffes are able 10._ (survive)Also，it is not a
36、gainst the law to hunt giraffes in South Africa.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。一个美国妇女在她猎杀的长颈鹿旁边拍照，并且传到了网上，从而引起了人们的愤怒。1解析：heat的过去分词形式heated相当于一个形容词，意思是“热烈的；激烈的”。答案：heated2解析：空格中所填单词在句中作介词for的宾语，故用enjoy的名词形式。答案：enjoyment3解析：这里是说“一些非洲国家”，故填a。a number of表示“若干；许多”。答案：a4解析：该空修饰后面整句话，故填usual的副词形式。答案：Usually5解析：根据句中的than可知，这里应填few的比较级形式。答案：Fewer6解析：“over一段时间”作状语，句子常用现在完成时。答案：has fallen7解析：die out是固定搭配，意思是“灭绝”。答案：out8解析：空格中所填单词在句中修饰名词animal，故填beauty的形容词形式。答案：beautiful9解析：关系代词that或which指代先行词an old male，引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。答案：that/which10解析：be able to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“能够做某事”。答案：to survive
