1、Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the starsReading（）1考点about宾1.Each religion and culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth.What do you know?每种宗教和文化都有它自己关于地球上生命起源的看法。你了解些什么呢？how life began on earth 作介词_的_语，宾语从句可作介词的宾语。2考点原因2.No one knows exactly how the earth began,as it happened so long
2、ago.没有人准确地知道地球的起源，因为那发生在很久以前本句为复合句,as引导的从句表示 _。(1)since表示听者或读者已知的原因,即表达已知信息。3(2)because表示听者未知的原因，可回答why的提问，也可用在强调句型中成为被强调成分，而其他几个词则无此用法。(3)as与since接近，但原因程度比since更强烈。(4)for并不表示直接原因,只是为主句所说的话提供推断的理由，引导的分句不能放在句首。43.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the
3、 dust settled into a solid globe.它(地球)将成为什么样子一直是个谜，直到4538亿年以前,这些尘埃凝聚成一个固体球体。5考点 be to do sth.(1)表示“应当/必须做某事”，通常用于通知和说明书里。(2)表示“按计划或安排将要做某事”，其完成式则表示“本来打算做某事”。(3)表示“将来不可避免要发生的事”。64.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
4、1.What it was to become 变成是1）_(使大家吃惊的）is that he didnt come to the meeting.2）_（他所做的）added to our difficulty.What surprised everybody What he did 75.solid n.固体solid,liquid,gasadj.固体的；实心的,无空隙的；结实的，坚固的solid fuels solid food a solid sphere solid furniture a man of solid build1)Matter has three states:so
5、lid,liquid and gas.2)When water freezes,it becomes solid and we call it ice.86.They were in time to produce carbon,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases.in time(for sth/to do sth):not late 及时；不迟She will be back in time to prepare dinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。in time:sooner or later;eventually 迟早；最后；终于Ill see h
6、im in time.总有一天我会遇见他。(1)in time9in/out of time:in/not in the correct time 合/不合节拍The audience clapped in time to the music.观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。(2)explode1).（使某物）炸开，爆炸2).（指感情）迸发3).（指人口）突然或迅速增加explode with/in/into.10The firework exploded in his hand and he was hurt seriously.The children exploded into laughter
7、.The teacher exploded with anger.Now it is not easy to find jobs with the exploding world population.explosion n.爆炸（声）explosive adj.爆炸性的，易爆炸的11cool 1)v.使冷却，使凉爽Please open the window to cool the room.Dont drink the tea before it cools a little.2)adj.凉爽的;冷静的，沉着的;冷漠的，冷淡的be/get/seem/keep coolHis songs r
8、eceived a cool response from the public.7.As the earth cooled down,water began to appear on its surface.随着地球的冷却,地球的表面开始出现了水。123）cool downa.凉快起来，冷却b.指人的心境“平静下来，使平静下来”A heated argument can be settled better if both sides cool down first.I tried to cool her down but she was still very angry when she le
9、ft.Dont cover the TV until it cools down.138.These animals were different from all life forms in the pasr,2）他们的品位和我不同。Their tastes are different from mine.be very/much/quite/entirely/totally different from与不同City life is quite different from country life.1）城市生活和农村生活很不同。14there are differences betwee
10、nand 与之间有不同之处tellfrom 把与区分开来the same as 与一样be similar to 与相似【拓展】15be harmful to 对有害do harm to sb.=do sb.harm 伤害某人，对某人有害处1)Pollution is especially harmful to animals.2)Smoking will do you a lot of harm.It does no harm(for sb.)to doThere is no harm in(sb.s)doing sth.9.1610.It allowed the earth to diss
11、olve harmful gasesallow vt.允许、许可、容许allow+n./pron./doing allow sb.to dobe allowed to doMy father doesnt allow smoking at home.In fact he doesnt allow us to smoke anywhere at any time.Are we allowed to use the computer?17it作形式宾语，其真正的宾语可以是不定式，动名词和从句。1）The foreign minister said,“_ our hope that the two
12、sides will work towards peace.”A.This is B.There is C.That is D.It is D11.That made it possible for life to begin to develop.182）I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A.this B.that C.it D.one 3）Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?A.this B.that C
13、.what D.it CD194）Why?I have nothing to confess._ you want me to say?A.What is it that B.What it is that C.How is it that D.How it is that5）Was it at the school _ was named after a hero _ he spent his childhood?A.which;that B.where;where C.that;where D.which;whereAA2012.Many millions of years later，l
14、ateadj.迟到的，晚的；前任的；以前的；已故的later adv.后来，较晚时,过后 adj.late的比较级(更迟的,更后的)latestadj.最新的latelyadv.=recently 近来地21Mr.Zhu Rongji is the late Prime Minister of China.She said she would ring you later this morning.Its only lately that she has been well enough to go out.He is often late for school.Have you heard
15、about the latest news?2213.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen,multiply(数目上)增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖1)Our problems have multiplied since last year.2)2 and 5 multiply to make 10.4)The plants here multiply rapidly.3)6 multiplied by 5 is 30.=Multiply 6 by 5 to make 30.2314.This encouraged t
16、he later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.encourage 鼓舞；促进；怂恿。后接名词、代词，也可接不定式作宾语补足语。如：High prices for corn and wheat will encourage farming.玉米和小麦的高价将促进农业的发展。My success encouraged me to continue.我的成功鼓励我继续干下去。He encouraged me to learn dancing.他鼓励我去学跳舞。2415.spread的用法1）vi.（消息等）传开，流传。如：
17、The news spread through the school very quickly.The fire spread from the factory to the house nearby.2）vt.“使伸展，延伸，张开”，常与out连用。He spread out his arms to welcome us.I spread a new cloth on the table.我在餐桌上铺了一条新桌布。他张开手臂欢迎我们。25阻止某人做某事:prevent sb.(from)doing sth.stop sb.(from)doing sth.keep sb.from doing
18、sth.16.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.261)We must prevent them from making trouble.2)You should prevent the child from injuring himself.If nothing prevents 如果没有什么阻碍的话 2717.escape1)v.escape Sth.doing sth.escape
19、punishment=escape being punishedescape from sth./some place2)n.逃跑，逃亡Escape from the prison is difficult.逃避，逃脱，避免2818.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.for millions of years to come中不定式to come作定语，与前面的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系：S
20、he is the last person to do such a thing.她是最不像会做这种事的人。2919.depend on/upon1)信赖，依靠depend on/uponSb./sth./v.-ingSb./sth.forSb.to do sth.You mustnt depend on others to help you.All living things depend on the sun for their growth.302)视而定，取决于The price depends on the quality.Your success depends on whethe
21、r you work hard or not.That depends on how you did it.313）depend on it 没问题，请放心（句末或句首）That/It(all)depends.那得看情况而定1)Depend on it,youll succeed.2)He may support me,but it depends.32动词过去式过去分词现在分词意义lielaylainlying躺，位于lieliedliedlying撒谎laylaid laidlaying搁，放，下蛋20.lay33The naughty boy _ to me that the hen t
22、hat _ there just now had_ two eggs the day before.A.laid;laid;laid B.laid;lay;lainC.lied;laid;lain D.lied;lay;laidD【即学即练】34B【达标训练】1.That hotel is always full because it offers a friendly _ and personal service.A.surface B.atmosphereC.system D.appearance解析 考查名词词义辨析。句意:这家旅馆总是住满客人,因为它提供一种友好的氛围和个性化的服务。s
23、urface表面,水面;atmosphere气氛,大气;system系统,体系;appearance外表;出现,露面。35C2.At first,we didnt know about Jim.But _,we came to know that he was an honest boy.A.suddenly B.luckilyC.gradually D.generally解析 考查句义理解及副词辨析。句意:起初我们不了解吉姆，但逐渐地,我们开始知道他是一个诚实的孩子。gradually逐渐地，慢慢地。故选C项。36C3.Many Europeans _ the continent of Af
24、rica in the 19th century.A.exploded B.exposedC.explored D.expanded解析 考查4个形近词的词义辨析。句意：许多 欧洲人在19世纪对非洲大陆进行了探索。explode 爆炸；expose暴露,显示,揭露；explore探索，探究，勘探；expand扩大,展开,膨胀。故选C项。37B4.In such dry weather，the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A.have survived B.are to surviveC.would survive D.will survi
25、ve解析 考查时态。主句是一般将来时,if条件状语从句不能用将来时，排除C、D两项。A项显然不合句意。B项“be to do”形式表示将来。另外“be to do”结构还可表示职责、义务、约定、命令、可能性等。由题意知选B项。38D5._ well have our sports meeting this week _ the weather.A.If;depend on B.Whether;depend onC.If;depends on D.Whether;depends on解析考查主语从句及主谓一致。if一般不引导主语从句,特别是不放在句首。主语从句、动词不定式及动名词作主语时，谓语动
26、词用单数。故选 D项。39B6.The harm the modern farming methods have done _ the countryside is considerable.A.on B.to C.at D.for解析 do harm to sb./sth.为固定短语,意为“对有害”，且“the modern farming.countryside”为定语从句修饰harm。故选B项。40D7.All possible means _.However，nothing can _ him dying of lung cancer.A.has tried;stop B.have t
27、ried;keepC.has been tried;prevent D.have been tried;stop解析 前一句的主语是all possible means，means用all修饰，看作是复数，后面的谓语动词要用复数形式并且用被动语态；后一句是“阻止某人做某事”，him后省略了from。故选D项。41A8.You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill,as it is so important.A.cant B.should C.must D.neednt解析 考查情态动词的用法及句式结构。句意为:你怎么重 视 你 的 阅 读 技 能 都 不 过 分，因 为 它 太 重 要 了。cant.too.再也不过分，越越好，双重否定构成肯定。故选A项。42It is never too late to mend.亡羊补牢，犹为未晚。43
