1、Unit 4Global warming教 材 面 面 观单词拓展1._vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完_n消费者；用户_n消费(量)；消耗_adj.消费的；消耗性的2_adj.胡乱的；任意的_adv.胡乱地3_vi.同意；捐赠；订阅vt.(签署)文件；捐助_n签署者；预订者；认购者_n签署；同意；赞助4_n量；数量_n质量5_vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理_n服侍；照料；看护_n趋向；趋势；倾向6_n大灾难；浩劫7_vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量_adj.反对的；对应的_adj.对面的；相对的prep.在对面_n反对；反抗；相反；对应8_n结果；后果；影响_adj.作为结果的；随之发生
2、的_adv.因而；所以9_vt.陈述；说明_n陈述；声明；声明书10_adj.平衡的；持续的；稳固的_adv.平稳地；稳固地11_adj.平均的_adv.平均地12_vt.拥护；提倡；主张_n提倡者；拥护者13_adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的_adv.随便地；偶然地_n伤亡；受害者14_vt.使恢复；使振作_adj.使精神振作的；使人耳目一新的_n恢复；爽快；茶点；点心15_n分歧；不一致_vi.不同意；不一致_adj.不合宜的；不爽快的；难相处的短语回顾e_发生；造成2go_ 上升；增长；升起3be_to 反对4keep_ 继续5_average 平均来看_/_average 低于/高于
3、平均水平6put up_ 忍受；容忍7_of 大量的8result_ 导致9on_of 代表一方；作为 的代言人10so_as 只要句型背诵1._ _ _ _ _the earth is becoming warmer and that.毫无疑问，地球正在变暖，而且2_ _we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳及其他温室气体的含量，气候3As Im not sure_ _ _with my project，I would.因为我还不清楚我
4、该从哪里着手开始我的研究，所以我会自我诊断单词拓展1consume；consumer；consumption；consumptive2.random；randomly3.subscribe；subscribe；subscription4.quantity；quality5.tend；tendance；tendency6.catastrophe7oppose；opposed；opposite；opposition8.consequence；consequent；consequently9.state；statement10.steady；steadily11.average；averagely1
5、2.advocate；advocator13.casual；casually；casualty14.refresh；refreshing；refreshment15disagreement；disagree；disagreeable短语回顾1about2.up3.opposed4.on5.on；below；above6.with7.quantities8.in9.behalf10.long句型背诵1There is no doubt that2.Even if3.where to start考 点 串 串 讲重点单词1.state vt.陈述；说明The writer stated his v
6、iews in his latest book.那位作者在最近出版的书中阐明了他的观点。I heard the official stated that no children were to be admitted.我听见那位官员说不接纳儿童。用法拓展state n还可以表示“状态，状况；国家，政府；州，邦”adj.表示“政府的，国家的”statement n陈述，说明stately adj.庄严的；威严的；堂皇的stateless adj.(指人)无国籍的；无公民身份的statesman n政治家(尤指贤明公正的)state ones views说明自己的见解in a state of.处
7、于状态中She was in a terrible state when we arrived.我们到达时，她情绪很不好。The head of state played a key role in politics.国家元首在政治上起关键作用。He has publicly stated his support for the policy.他已公开声明支持那项政策。The railways were once privately owned，but are now under state control.铁路一度是属于私营，但现在归国家管制。The president made a sta
8、tement of his aims.总统提出了他的目标。How many states are there in the US?美国有多少个州？易混辨析state，condition和situation这三个词都可以表示“状态，情形”。state表示“状态、状况、情形”时，只用单数形式，强调内在状态。condition表示“条件、前提”是可数名词；表示“环境、情况、状况”常用复数；表示身体状况，用作不可数名词。in/out of condition健康状况好/不好；improve prison conditions改善监狱的条件。situation表示“位置、地点；形势、处境、局面”。The
9、 building is in a bad state.那座建筑情况很糟。Mary is in a poor state of health.玛丽的健康状况不好。Its hard to seek a highpaid job under the present situation.在目前形势下很难找到一份薪水很高的工作。即境活用单项填空School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous_.AstatesBconditionsCsituations Dpositions答案：C句意为：必须教给学生怎样处理危险处境。situation
10、s情形；states状态，情形；conditions状况，条件；positions位置，地位，状况。2tend vi.趋于；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。My job is to tend the sick.我的工作是护理病人。All the evidences tend to the same conclusion.所有证据都趋向同一结论。用法拓展tend常与介词to连用，表示“有某种倾向；有的趋势”。Boys tend to
11、be bigger than girls.男孩的个子往往比女孩高大。My composition shows a tendency to improve.我的作文显示出改善的趋向。即境活用单项填空Todays _ is towards less formal clothing for the youth.AattendanceBtendencyCidea Dconsequence答案：B3oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量Many people opposed the idea of building a new high way because of the great cost
12、.由于需要巨额开支的原因，许多人反对另修一条新公路的主意。用法拓展(1)opposed adj.反对的；对立的(2)be opposed to反对(3)oppose oneself to sth.反对某事(4)opposition n反对，对立，抵抗，敌对(5)opposite adj.相反的，对面的；n.对立的事物；adv.在对面，在相反的位置(6)oppositepzitprep.在对面(7)on the opposite side of在的对面(8)be the opposite of的反义词(9)be opposite to在对面，和相反We are firmly opposed to
13、 the practice of power politics between nations.我们坚决反对国与国之间实行强权政治。The bank is opposite the supermarket.银行在超市对面。Our school is on the opposite side of the street.我们学校在街道对面。Hot is opposite to cold.Hot is the opposite of cold.热与冷相反。即境活用单项填空I find myself in _ to him on the matter of buying a big TV set.A
14、oppositionBexistenceCpresence Dpossession答案：A4average adj.平均的What is the average rainfall for August in your country?你们国家八月份的平均降雨量是多少？In an average week I drive about 250 miles.一般我每周开车250英里。用法拓展(1)average adj.普通的；中等的；一般的(2)average n平均；平均数；平均水平(3)average vt.算出的平均数；将平均分配(4)above/below the average一般水准以
15、上/下(5)up to the average达到一般水准(6)on (an/the) average平均而言；通常；按平均(7)the average of.的平均数(8)average (sth.) out平均数为；算出的平均数(9)an average rate/cost/price平均比率/成本/价格(10)an average of.的平均数Id say he was of average height.我或许可以说他是中等身材。The average of 4, 8 and 60 is 24.4、8和60的平均数是24。House prices have gone up by an
16、 average of 2%.房价平均上涨了2%。Susies school work is well above average.苏西的学习成绩远远高于平均水平。On average men smoke more cigarettes than women.平均来看，男子比女子吸烟多。I averaged out the total increase at about 10%.我算出总增长平均为10%左右。即境活用单项填空Its not easy for a student of _ intelligence to meet the requirements of a world leadi
17、ng university.AaverageBnaturalCmiddle Dregular答案：A5existence n生存；存在Do you believe in the existence of ghosts?你相信有鬼吗？This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence.这是现存最古老的希伯来语手稿。归纳延伸come into existence开始存在；形成bring into existence使产生；使成立exist vi.存在；生存exist in存在exist on靠活下去；靠生存They cant exist on the
18、 money hes earning.他们靠他挣得那点钱无法维持生活。即境活用改写同义句People believe that there is only one copy of the book in the world.It _ that this is the only copy of the book _.He discovered that there were some rare birds on the island.He discovered _ some rare birds on the island.答案：is believed; in existencethe exis
19、tence of6steady adj. 坚定的；稳定的；不变的；扎实的；从容的；沉着的；镇定的The desk isnt steady.这张课桌不稳固。The boy is making steady progress in his learning.男孩在学习中不断进步。Her brother is a steady young man.她哥哥是个稳健的年轻人。归纳延伸steady steps 稳健的步伐steady faith坚定的信念a steady friendship牢固的友谊a steady wind持续而不变的风a steady income稳定的收入steadily adv.
20、坚定地，稳定地，坚固地steadiness n稳固，稳定，不变即境活用翻译句子我知道她意志坚定。_完成句子战争的威胁正在一步步地临近。The threat of war is coming _ nearer to home.市场的稳定应归功于政府的干预。The _ of the market is due to the governments intervention.答案：I know she is steady in her purpose.steadilysteadiness7glance vi.看一下；扫视 n一瞥He glanced at his watch and got up q
21、uickly.他瞥了一眼手表，迅速起床了。用法拓展glance at/over/through浏览；匆匆地看一眼glance off擦过；掠过at a glance一眼；立刻at first glance乍一看；乍看之下take/have/cast a glance at匆匆看一遍，浏览steal a glance偷偷看一眼Could you glance through this letter and see if its all right?请你浏览一下这封信，看看内容是否合适好吗？He often glances over newspapers at tea.他常常边吃茶点边浏览报纸。易
22、混辨析stare，glare与glance这组词都有“看”的意思。stare指由于生气、害怕或吃惊而睁大眼睛注视某事物，特别表示“睁大眼睛凝视”。glare指怒目而视。glance指扫视、瞥一眼。The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。He glared angrily at her but did not say a word.他怒视着她，却一言不发。Dont glance left and right.不要左顾右盼。即境活用单项填空She_shyly at the you
23、ng fellow from behind his fans.Aglanced BglimpsedCglared Dstared答案：B8range n种类；范围；幅度用法拓展range v(在一定范围内)变动，变化；排列，排序in the range of.在之间beyond/out of ones range超出某人的范围；超出某人所知within/outside the range of.在范围之内/外range from.to.从到之间变化range between.and.在到之间即境活用单项填空What is the cost of your shirts here，sir?It
24、depends on which fashion you want to buy，and the prices_from 100 dollars to 500 dollars.Aincrease BrangeCreach DdifferentGrades would_from one or two，for outstanding or excellent，to six or seven，for poor or very poor.Asuffer BdifferCcome Drange答案：B本题考查动词辨析。A项为“增加，增长”；C项为“到达，达到”；D项为形容词，不能充当谓语；B项为“分布，
25、在范围内排列”。本处意为：价格在100美元到500美元之间。故选B项。Dsuffer from“遭受，忍受”；differ from“与不同”；come from“来自于”；range from A to B/between A and B“在A、B之间变化或变动”。句意为：各年级分组将从一两个杰出或优秀的到六七个差的或者很差的。重点短语e about发生；变方向；造成Ill never understand how it came about that you were an hour late on such a short journey.我真不明白这么短的路程你怎么会迟到一个小时。Th
26、e wind has come about to the north.风转向北吹。It came about in this way.它就是这样发生的。用法拓展How does it come about that.？是怎样发生的？How is it that.？How come that.?come across偶遇，穿越，被理解come out出来；出版；结果是come up上来；被提出讨论；发芽come round顺道拜访；苏醒易混辨析take place，come about，happen，occur与break out五者都有“发生”之意，并且都用作不及物动词，即无被动语态。take
27、 place强调必然性或按事先的安排而发生。happen，come about多为偶然发生。break out多指战争、火灾、地震、疾病等的突然发生。occur多指意想不到的事情的发生。即境活用单项填空When did that book_？Acome off Bcome outCcome round Dcome trueHow is Dennis getting along with his work?Well，he can always_a new idea for increasing sales.Acome up with Bcome aboutCget away with Dget
28、up翻译句子那起交通事故是如何发生的？_答案：BAHow did that traffic accident come about?2make a difference产生差别；有影响；有重要作用Does his absence make a difference to your work?假如没有他，对你的工作会有影响吗？It will make a difference whether you go today or tomorrow.你今天去还是明天去，这是不一样的。He wanted his work to make a difference，and it did.他希望自己的作品与众
29、不同，并且他的作品真的不同凡响。用法拓展make some/no/any/not much/a great deal of difference颇有、没有、有些、没有多大、有很大重要性make sense of明白，理解make sense讲得通；有意义Does it make any difference whether he comes or not?他来不来关系重大吗？即境活用单项填空When shall I go there?It_whether you go today or tomorrow.Amade no differenceBmade no senseCmakes no di
30、fferenceDmakes no senseCan you_the poem？If you can，please explain it to me.Amake senseBmake a differenceCmake sense ofDmake any difference翻译句子有人认为，上不上大学关系不大。_答案：CCIn someones opinion，it makes no difference whether to go to university or not.3keep on继续We kept on working in the field in spite of the r
31、ain.尽管下雨，我们还是坚持在地里劳动。用法拓展keep常见词组如下：keep oneself/sb. from sth./doing sth.使自己(某人)不能做某事keep sth. from sb.不将某事告诉某人keep off(sb./sth.)不接近/不接触某人/事keep a record(of)登记，记录keep back保留，阻止keep(on)doing不断做，反复做keep fit保持健康keep to固守，坚持keep up with跟上，不落在后面keep.free from/of.使免受(影响，伤害等)They tried their best to keep t
32、he little girl free from cold.他们尽量让这个小女孩不受冻。易混辨析continue，last，go on和keep on这几个词都可以表示将某事“继续”或“持续”进行下去。其细微区别在于：continue指任何事物或某一动作自开始后直至结束前都在不停地“继续”进行，通常强调“不间断”。last指“持久”“延续”，暗含存在的时间相当长，超过正常或所期望的时间。go on主要表示“延续”走下去的意思；也可指将某事“继续”做、说或进行下去。它是一个常用词组，含义较多。翻译时，必须视上下文的具体情况仔细处理。后面常接动名词、不定式作宾语，还可接介词with。keep on
33、也指“继续”做某事。实际上，它的基本意思是不断地老是做某事，动作之间往往略有间隔。后面只能接动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。The rain continued(for)two days.雨连续下了两天。If you go on like this，you will make big mistakes some day.如果你继续这样下去，总有一天你会犯大错误的。The children kept on writing though the bell was ringing.尽管铃声在响着，孩子们还是继续写着。即境活用单项填空Do you think that housing price w
34、ill keep_in the years to come?Sorry，I have no idea.Alifting up Bgoing upCbringing up Dgrowing up答案：B4on the whole大体上；基本上；总的看来On the whole，her work has been good，but this essay is dreadful.大体上来说，她的作品不错，不过这篇文章糟透了。用法拓展通常用于概括的词语还有：as a whole作为一个整体；总体上the whole of sth.全部；全体；所有more or less大体上；或多或少generall
35、y speaking一般来说in generalas a general rule通常；大体上；一般而言as a rule通常in most cases多数情况下in many cases在许多情况下broadly speaking广义地讲mostly多半；通常Generally speaking，the songs he has written are popular with the teens.一般来说，他所写的歌曲比较受青少年的欢迎。Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they use as a platform for hunting s
36、eals.北极熊通常赖以海冰为主，它们把海冰作为捕猎海豹的平台。即境活用单项填空There are some spelling and grammar mistakes in your graduation paper，but_it is satisfactory.Aabove all Bin shortCon the whole Don the other hand答案：C5result in导致；结果是用法拓展result from.因而引起，因而导致as a result结果是(作状语)as a/the result of.由于；作为的结果without result毫无结果地lead
37、to导致；造成with the result that为此，因此特别提醒result是不及物动词，与in连用，表示“引起某种结果”，句子的主语是原因，in的宾语是结果。result from“由于而造成后果”，后接导致某事的原因；result in则后接所导致的结果。as a result为固定词组，意为“结果，因此”，在句中作状语，常置于句首，并用逗号和后面的句子隔开。as a result of.意为“作为的结果”，在句中特指引起某种结果的原因时，用定冠词代替不定冠词。即境活用单项填空A love marriage，however，does not necessarily_much sha
38、ring of interest and responsibilities.Atake over Bresult inCbelong to Dbring in答案：Bresult in导致，引起。take over接管；belong to属于；bring in引进；挣钱。均不符合句意。6quantity of 大量的At the same time, a large quantity of money started disappearing from the bank.与此同时，银行大批的资金开始丢失。用法拓展(1) quantities of许多的；大量地(2)in large quant
39、ities大量地(3)a (large) quantity of大量的I dont know why they buy cotton in large quantities.我不明白他们为什么大批购买棉花。易混辨析amount, number和quantityamount修饰不可数名词，number修饰可数名词复数。quantity修饰可数，不可数名词都可。(1)许多，很多(与不定冠词连用，或没有冠词)an amount(或amounts)of名词(U)单数动词a number(或numbers)of名词(C)复数动词a quantity of名词(C/U)复数动词这些短语常被形容词修饰，如：
40、a large number of；a small amount of; a great quantity of(2)的数量，的总数(与定冠词连用)the amount of名词(U)单数动词；the number of名词(C)单数动词注意：一般不用the quantity of.(3)在数量上，大量地in amount; in amounts; in quantity; in quantities; in numberHe gave us quantities of advice.他给我们提了很多建议。The amount of money is $1,000.钱的总数为1 000美元。T
41、he number of mistakes in his composition has dropped.他作文中的错误减少了。温馨提示a large quantity of/quantities of后可以跟可数名词也可跟不可数名词。如果该短语作主语，谓语动词的单复数要依据quantity的单复数形式而定。7put up with忍受，忍耐I cant put up with your rudeness any more; leave the room.我不能再忍受你这种无礼的态度了，请离开这个房间。No longer being able to put up with my toothac
42、he, I went to consult a dentist.我再也忍受不住牙痛，于是就去找牙科医生诊治。We had to put up with the inconvenience.我们不得不忍受这种不便。用法拓展keep up with与保持一致；不落后catch up with赶上；提出常见的put短语有：(1)put up(at.)(在某处)获得食宿安排；暂住(2)put sb. up向某人提供食宿(3)put aside节省(钱、时间)；储蓄；置之不理；把放在一边(4)put away储存(钱)；储存备用；储蓄(put by)(5)put back拨回；向后移；推迟；延期；搁置；
43、拖延(6)put down写下；记下；击败；平定(7)put forward提出(意见、建议)；推荐；拨快；把时针向前拨(put on)(8)put off延期；推迟(9)put through接通电话(10)put up举起；抬起；张开(伞)；张贴；公布(11)put on穿上；戴上；演出(12)put out出版；生产；扑灭；关掉Please put out the light before you go to bed.上床之前请把灯关掉。He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week.他安排把会议延后一星期召开。He put fo
44、rward a new theory at the meeting.在会上他提出了一种新理论。Where did you put up last night?昨晚你在哪儿过的夜？即境活用单项填空They can _ behavior from their daughter but not anyone else.Aget along withBcome up withCmake contact with Dput up with答案：D8built up逐步建立；增加；增进All the pressure built up and he was off work for weeks with
45、stress.各方面的压力越来越大，他因负荷太重有好几个星期没上班。用法拓展(1)build up ones confidence/body增强自信/体质(2)build sb./oneself up增强某人的体质；使更加强壮(3)build on.在的基础上发展Traffic is building up on roads into the city.来往的车辆在通往市区的道路上越聚越多。You need more protein to build you up.你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质。即境活用单项填空I _ the hobby of collecting stamps as a chi
46、ld.Abuilt upBset upCkept up Dtook upWith the pressure _， she was off work for weeks because she couldnt stand it any more.Apicking up Bmaking upCbuilding up Dputting up答案：DC9compare to与相比；把比作Compared to/with many other women, she was indeed very fortunate.和其他许多妇女相比，她确实是很幸运的了。Life is often compared t
47、o a journey.人生常被比喻为一次旅行。用法拓展(1)compare notes交换意见(2)beyond comparison/compare无与伦比(3)compare.to.把比作(4)compare.with.把和相比Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。易混辨析(1)Compare the two books and you can make sure which is more interesting.两本书对比，你能确定
48、哪本更有趣。(2)Compared with the other book, this one is interesting.与另一本书相比，这本是有趣的。第一句话使用动词原形构成祈使句结构，注意后面的and所暗示的句型结构。第二句话为compared with/to短语用作状语，相当于状语从句If this book is compared with the other one。特别提醒compared to/with.和相比(过去分词短语用作状语，表示条件，此时，compared with与compared to两者之间没有区别，只是前者比后者更为常见。)即境活用单项填空It used t
49、o be a small village _ what it is now.Acompared withBcompared aboutCcompare to Dcompare with_ your handwriting with Li Huas and you will find his a little better.ACompared BComparingCTo compare DCompare答案：AD10as/so long as只要；与一样长用法拓展(1)与so/as long as同义的引导条件状语从句的连词还有：on condition that, provided (that
50、), providing (that), only if, if等。(2)as far as远到；就而言(3)as many as“多达”，“达到之多”。与可数名词复数连用。(4)as much as“多达”，“达到之多”。与不可数名词连用。(5)as soon as作“一就”解，引导时间状语从句。(6)as well as不仅后者，前者也；除之外(7)as good as和一样好，实际上，相当于(8)as.as possible尽可能地You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11 oclock.你可以出去，只要答应在1
51、1点之前回来。If he finds out, Im as good as dead.如果他发现，我就没命了！即境活用单项填空It matters little who does it _ it is done, for you see, we are short of hands now.Aas soon asBas far asCas early as Das long as答案：D重点句式1.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer.毫无疑问，地球正在变暖在本句型中，that从句是同位语从句，表示doubt的内容。用法与the
52、re is a chance that.是一样的。用法拓展(1)doubt作为名词，若用在否定句或疑问句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句；若用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。注意此时不可以用if替换whether。(2)doubt作为动词，若用于否定句和疑问句中，后面接that引导的宾语从句；若用于肯定句中，后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。(3)There is no/some room for doubt.没有怀疑余地/有可疑处(4)doubt组成的短语：in doubt怀疑，拿不定主意no/without/beyond doubt无疑地，必定There i
53、s no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的。I have no doubt that he will succeed.我相信他会成功的。I dont doubt that he can finish the task on time.我相信他能按时完成任务。He doubts if she will keep her word.他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言。We are in doubt about what to do next.我们不知道下一步要做什么。Beyond doubt he wi
54、ll give you some advice on your study.毫无疑问，他会对你的学习做一些指导。特别提醒高考常考句型结构：(1)There is no knowing/telling.没法知道/说(2)There is no need.没有必要(3)There is no question.是没有问题的(4)There is no reason.没有理由(5)There is no possibility that是没有可能的(6)It is no wonder that/No wonder(that).难怪(7)It is a wonder that.真奇怪/真是令人惊奇即境
55、活用单项填空The Pacific region(地区)will be one of the fastest growing areas in the world in the 21st century._ shouldnt be any doubt about it now.AItBThatCThis DThere答案：D2We cant predict the climate well enough to know what to expect.我们预报天气的能力再强也不会完全知道会发生什么cant/couldnt表示“不能，不可能，不可以”等，注意一些特殊形式，如can not/can
56、never.too或cannot.enough“无论怎么也不过分，越越好”，cannot help doing“禁不住，不由得”，cannot but do something“不得不，只好”等。即境活用翻译句子开车的时候越小心越好。_你英语单词记得越多越好。_答案：One cannot be too careful while driving a car./One cannot be careful enough while driving a car.You cant remember enough English words.3Rememberyour contribution coun
57、ts!你的贡献很有意义！countbe meaningful/important意为“有意义”，为不及物动词。如：In sport what really counts is not be winning but the playing.就运动而言，重要的不是赢，而是参与。count还有其他含义，如：vt.计算；认为；将计算在内n计数，计算；总数如：They are counting the books they collected.他们正在数收集来的书。There are ten people，not counting the guide.不包括向导，共有十人。The count showe
58、d that twenty thousand votes had been cast.统计表明已投票两万张。即境活用完成句子每天都有许多人指望公共汽车准时。Many people_the bus to be on time every day.我不能来，别把我考虑在内。I cant join you；youll have to_me_.光有学问而无常识，则这种学问无甚价值。Knowledge without common sense_for little.答案：count oncount；outcounts4It takes a lot of energy to make things fro
59、m new materials.用新原料造东西需要大量能源。句中it为形式主语，take意为：需要/消耗(时间、劳力等)；有这种含义的take通常不可用于被动式。It takes many men to build a house.建造一幢房屋需要很多人。It takes two to make a quarrel.一个巴掌拍不响。用法拓展It takes sb. time to do sth.某人花费时间做某事sb. spend time(in)doing sth./(on sth.)某人花费时间做某事sb.spend money on/for sth.某人花钱买某物sb. pay sb.
60、money for sth.某人为某事给某人钱sth. cost sb.money某物花费某人多少金钱The job took us four hours.It took us four hours to do the job.We spent four hours(in)doing the job.我们花了4个小时做这件事。即境活用单项填空It shouldnt take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.Thats right._.AMany hands make light workBSomethin
61、g is better than nothingCThe more the merrierDThe sooner begin，the sooner done答案：AMany hands make light work(谚语)人多力量大(众人拾柴火焰高)。Something is better than nothing有总比没有强；The more the merrier越多越快乐；The sooner begin，the sooner done言而必行。句意为：聚会结束后如果我们都主动帮忙，花不了多长时间就能清理干净。你说的对。人多力量大。知 能 层 层 练一、单项填空1There is an
62、 increasing_to make movies describing violence.AstrengthBdirectionCtradition Dtrend答案：D解析：trend“流行；趋势”，强调总的趋向或倾向。strength“力量”；direction“方向”；tradition指世代相传的伦理、行为规范和生活方式。2Curious to know what the bag_.Little Johnny_it，because of which his father blamed him.Acollected；touched Bcontained；feltCloaded；tra
63、pped Dsaved；unpacked答案：B解析：考查动词辨析。语意：小Johnny想知道那个袋子里面装的是什么，就摸了摸，为此父亲还责怪了他。第一空用contain表示“包含，容纳”；第二空用feel表示“摸，触摸”。3Those who_mercy killing say the terminally ill should not have to suffer.Adeclare BbelieveCadvocate Dannounce答案：C解析：advocate“提倡”。declare“宣布”；believe“相信”；announce“宣布”。4So rapidly is Chongq
64、ing changing that maps of the city go out of date almost_they are published.Aas soon as BonceCsince Dafter答案：A解析：根据句中“刚发行的地图就过时”可知选A。as soon as“一就”，引导时间状语从句。once“一旦”，不符合题意；since“自从”；after“以后”。5Members of the council_the building of the luxury houses in the centre of the city.Aimposed BposedCcomposed
65、 Dopposed答案：D解析：oppose“反对”符合题意。impose“施加影响；强加”；pose“姿势”；compose“组成；创作”。6How did it_that you made so many mistakes in your homework?I myself havent figured it out yet.Abring about Bcome aboutCcome across Dcome out答案：B解析：come about“发生”，为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。7With the price_，parents are not able to afford
66、many goods，even the necessities.Agoing down Bgoing upCbrought down Drising up答案：B解析：go up“上升”相当于rise，与后面的are not able to afford符合。8As a result of the earthquake，a large_of earth_blocked several rivers there.Anumber；has Bquantity；hasCnumber；have Dquantity；have答案：B解析：a large quantity of“大量的”，既可修饰可数名词复
67、数，又可修饰不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数形式由quantity的形式决定，故选B项。a number of只能修饰可数名词复数。9She made it quite clear that she was no longer going to_my selfishness and moodiness.Aput up with Bdepend onCcare about Dcatch up with答案：A解析：put up with“忍受；容忍”，符合题意。depend on“依靠；依赖”；care about“照顾；喜欢”；catch up with“赶上”。10How do you like
68、 your trip to Hainan?_，I enjoyed it very much，although the weather was unpleasant sometimes.AIn addition BOn the wholeCIn other words DOn the other hand答案：B解析：on the whole“总的来说”，此处是告知对方自己对这次海南旅行的整体看法，与题意相符。二、用所给词的适当形式填空1consumeOver the past ten years, natural gas producting has remained steady, but
69、_ has risen steadily.The new telephone rates will affect all _ including business.The child soon _ all the hot dogs and hamburgers, but he still felt hungry.2existThe legend has _ for over one thousand years.Do you know how the universe came into _？3educateHe was _ at a very good school in his teens
70、.No country can afford to neglect the _ of its young people.They engaged a young _ to teach them Spanish.4_(pollute) and overfishing have reduced the population of coastal fish.5A loving home environment is essential for a childs personal _(grow)6I went to see the National Theatres _(present) of Art
71、hur Millers The Last Yankee.答案：1.consumptionconsumersconsumed2existedexistence3educatededucationeducator4Pollution5.growth6.presentation三、用适当的介词填空1These are some of the books I have taken _ random from the shelves.2Many young fellows asked Cathy for a date, but she wouldnt even glance _ them.3Canada
72、 is a country with a wide range _ temperatures.4We didnt have enough money to pay our bus fare, and _ a consequence we had to walk.5The invention of the typewriter was a great contribution _ communication and printing.6As far as I know, a new car costs, _ average, about 3,000 dollars.7The accident r
73、esulted _ 10 people being killed, including a baby.答案：1.at2.at3.of4.as5.to/towards6.on7.in四、选择合适的短语并用其适当形式填空1come about, come across, come out, come upWhile cleaning the drawer yesterday, I _ an old photograph of my mother.Im afraid Ill have to cancel our datesomethings _.No doubt the truth will _ o
74、ne day.The opportunity to get into computing _ quite by accident.2go up, go ahead, go overIn the competition, the judge _ each dog and assesses it.I _ and arranged the trip anyway.Unemployment in the country has _ by a million.3keep on, keep down, keep upThey tried in every way to _ the price of gol
75、d.She _ working hard as usual though the winter vacation has begun.Mrs. Smith encouraged her son to _ his spirits in the face of failure.答案：1.came acrosscome upcome outcame about2.goes overwent aheadgone up3.keep downkeeps onkeep up语 法 路 路 通高考语法专题十二状语从句知识清单一、时间状语从句1引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有when, while, as, u
76、ntil/till, since, as soon as, immediately/instantly, the moment, every time等。2表示“一就”的引导词除了as soon as和immediately外，还有directly, instantly, no sooner.than, hardly.when等。它们引导时间状语从句时，表示主、从句的动作发生的时间间隔不长。3在no sooner.than, hardly.when结构中，主句常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；no sooner, hardly置于句首时，主句中常把助动词had提到主语之前，构成倒装。4在sin
77、ce引导的时间状语从句中，若从句中的谓语动词是延续性的，往往理解为某一个动作或状态的终止；若从句中的谓语动词是终止性的，往往理解为某一动作的开始。5before引导的从句位于主句之后，意为“在之前”，有时意为“(之后)才”，若主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。6until与till在引导时间状语从句时，在肯定句中可以互换，表示主句的动作一直延续到从句的动作发生为止，谓语动词是延续性的。7not.until.“直到才”，表示主句的动作直到从句的动作发生时才发生，谓语动词是短暂性的。8until引导时间状语从句时可以位于句首，而till不可以，not until位于句首时常用倒装语序。9whil
78、e表示时间段或过程，强调主从句的行为或状态同时发生或存在，所引导的从句中谓语动词是延续性的。10when可以表示时间段也可以表示时间点。所引导的从句中的动词既可以是短暂性的也可以是延续性的。11as常与when或while通用，但是更侧重主从句的行为同时发生，表示“随着，一边一边”。二、地点状语从句12引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere等。三、条件状语从句13引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless, once, in case, as/so long as, supposing(that),
79、 an condition that, provided(that)等。14在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。四、原因状语从句15引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because, as, since, now that, for the reason that, in that, seeing that等。五、目的状语从句16由so(that), in order that, for fear that(唯恐，以防)引导的从句，谓语常含有may, might, can等情态动词，in order that常用于正式文体，可置于句首或句尾，而so that往往只
80、置于句尾。17in case引导目的状语从句时，表示“目的是，以防”。六、结果状语从句18常用来引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so, so.that., such.that., so that等。19so/such.that.表示“如此以致”，so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词，that后引出结果状语从句。so that引导结果状语从句时，很少出现情态动词，主从句之间通常停顿一下，有时加上一个逗号。七、让步状语从句20引导让步状语从句的从属连词有although, though, as, even if, even though, while, no matter疑问词等。21as引导让步状
81、语从句时，从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词等需要提前到从句句首，而且表语若是名词还要去掉冠词。22引导让步状语从句时“no matter疑问词”都可以替换为疑问词ever，但不是所有的疑问词。八、方式状语从句23引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等。专题专练1.(2010福建卷)The girl had hardly rung the bell _ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.AbeforeBuntilCas Dsince答案：A解析：考查连词。
82、这个女孩刚一(几乎还没有)按门铃，门突然被打开了，她的朋友冲出来迎接她。hardly.before“几乎还没有就”“刚一就”，暗含“快”。2(2010北京卷)_ they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.AAs BWhileCUntil DOnce答案：D解析：考查连词。once在句中引导时间状语从句，表示“一旦”。语意：一旦学生决定上哪个大学，他们就应该了解一下入学手续。其他几项不合题意。3(2010安徽卷)Just use this room for the t
83、ime being, and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available.Aas soon as BunlessCas far as Duntil答案：A解析：考查连词的用法。语意：暂时先用这个房间，一有稍大的房间，我们就提供给你。此处与句中的for the time being相呼应。4(2010新课标全国卷)The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story.Aor BunlessCbut Dwhether答案：B解析：考查状语从句中连词的选择。句意：如果妈妈
84、不给他讲故事，那个小男孩儿就不睡觉。unless表示“除非，如果不”，表示否定的条件，符合语意。or“或者”，表选择；but“但是”，表转折；whether“是否”。5(2010江西卷)Our holiday cost a lot of money.Did it? Well, that doesnt matter _ you enjoyed yourselves.Aas long as BunlessCas soon as Dthough答案：A解析：考查连词辨析。句意：我们度假花了很多钱。是吗？嗯，只要你们玩得开心，那(花很多钱)是没有关系的。as long as只要，unless除非，as
85、 soon as一就，though虽然。6(2010上海卷)_ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.AHowever a serious problemBWhat a serious problemCHowever serious a problemDWhat serious a problem答案：C解析：However引导让步状语从句，后接adj./adv.再跟主谓。7It just isnt fair; _I was working as a waiter last month，my fri
86、ends were lying on the beach.Awhenever BthoughCfor Dwhile答案：D解析：考查连词在具体语境中的辨析。while引导时间状语从句，表示“当时候”。这句话的大意是：上个月当我在做服务员时，我的朋友们躺在沙滩上，我觉得这不公平。8_unemployment and crime are high，it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.ABefore BWhereCUnless DUntil答案：B解析：考查状语从句。Where引导地点状语从句，表示凡是失业率与犯罪率高的地方，
87、犯罪都是由失业引起的。9_the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it，they could not arrest him.AAlthough BAs long asCIf only DAs soon as答案：A解析：选项A表示让步；选项B表示条件；选项C表示虚拟条件；选项D表示时间。由前后意思可知这里为让步关系，故答案选A。10Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow _ I forget.Athough Bso t
88、hatCin case Duntil答案：C解析：in case“以防(万一)”，据前后题意知选C项。11Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea.Aas soon as Bas a resultCin case Dso that答案：D解析：so that在此句中引导目的状语从句，后句中有情态动词。12Pop music is such an important part of society_it has even influenced our language.Aas BthatCwhich
89、 Dwhere答案：B解析：本题考查关联词的选用。此类试题重点在于判断前后的逻辑关系。本题为such.that结构，that引导结果状语从句。13It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life_weve actually had that lesson.Auntil BafterCsince Dwhen答案：A解析：本题考查状语从句的连词选择。本题句意为：“我们往往在生活中遭受实际挫折后，才更容易从中汲取教训。”根据语境判断，空白处应选一连词引导时间状语从句，四个选项均为表时间的连词，A选项until表示主句中的状态一直持续到从句提供的时间为止
90、；B选项after表示主句中的动作在从句提供的时间后才发生；C选项“从那时以来”强调主句中的状态从从句提供的时间起一直持续到现在；而D选项when则仅提供主句中的动作发生的时间。根据主句It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life来判断，主句中的状态应该到从句提供的时间为止才发生改变，故这里正确选项应为A。14I will never forget the Hakka Earth Building _ I spent many happy hours there with my parents last summer.Awhere Bbeca
91、useCwhich Dthough答案：B解析：分析空白后的句子知主语I，谓语spent，宾语many happy hours, 地点状语there，故排除选项A和C；由语境知，忘不了the Hakka Earth Building是因为在那里跟父母度过了愉快的时光，故B项正确。15Grandpa, what did the doctor say?He advised me to live _ the air is fresher.Ain where Bin whichCthe place where Dwhere答案：D解析：根据语境知，医生建议我住在空气更新鲜的地方。首先排除选项A和C；i
92、n which是定语从句的引导词，此处无先行词，故用where引导地点状语从句。16_ the quality of schooling is high, parents are eager not only to send their children to school but also to _ them there.AWhere; keep BWhere; leaveCWhen; keep DWhen; leave答案：A解析：句意：家长不仅渴望把孩子送到质量高的学校，也希望他们留在那里。第一空是where引导的地点状语从句，排除选项C和D；第二空leave与句意不符。17_ his
93、father and stepfather were Muslim, American newlyelected black president, Barack Obama is Christian.AIf BHoweverCWhen DAlthough答案：D解析：A项引导条件状语从句；B项表示并列句中的转折关系；C项引导时间状语从句；D项“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。联系语境，尽管他父亲和继父都是穆斯林，但美国新选的黑人总统奥巴马却是基督徒，故D项正确。18_ advertisements are of great help, I dont think we should entirely
94、rely on them.ASince BWhileCBecause DAs答案：B解析：A项“自以后；既然”；B项“虽然”；C项“因为”；D项“当之时”。句意：尽管广告有很大的帮助，但我认为不能完全依赖它们。故B项正确。19_ Mr. Morgan appears very cheerful in public, he is actually leading a very unhappy life.AWhen BWhileCAs DSince答案：B解析：句意：尽管Morgan先生在公众场合看起来很高兴，实际上他的生活并不幸福。when和while引导时间状语从句，也可引导让步状语从句，意思
95、是“尽管；虽然”。但while可置于句首，故B项正确。20Why do you want a new job _ youve got such a good one already?Well, Im not satisfied with its working environment.Awhen BwhileCunless Dif答案：A解析：A项“当时”；作从属连词相当于since，意为“既然”。如：How can I help you when you wont listen to me？既然你不愿听我的，我又怎么帮助你呢？B项“当时”，表转折形成对比；C项“除非”；D项表假设。联系语境知
96、，既然你已经有了如此好的一份工作，为何还要找新的。故A项符合题意。21Dad, I have finished my assignment.Good, and _ you play or watch TV, you mustnt disturb me.Awhenever BwhetherCwhatever Dno matter答案：B解析：A项“无论何时”；B项“是否；不管”，可以引导让步状语从句；C项“无论什么”；D项“不要紧”，与wh构成“无论”。根据语境知，无论你是玩还是看电视，都不能打扰我。故B项正确。22It is not the place, nor the condition,
97、_ the mind alone that can make anyone happy or miserable.Aas BorCbut Dand答案：C解析：句意：决定人之苦乐的不是地点，也不是环境，而是思想。not.，nor.，but.表示“不是，也不是，而是”。23In 2008 Japanese women set a record for life expectancy at 85.82 years, _ men live an average of 79.11 years.Awhen BwhileCbecause Dthough答案：B解析：句意：2008年日本妇女人均寿命高达85
98、.82岁，而日本男人的平均寿命为79.11岁。while置于句中，并列连词，表对比。24Please protect the furniture in the room and keep the wall inside clean _ you will be fined accordingly.Aand BbutCor Dwhile答案：C解析：句意：请爱护房间家具，保持房内墙壁清洁，否则将按规定照价赔偿。测试句型“祈使句and/or简单句”的连词部分。25Well keep in mind your requirement and shall contact you _ it is avai
99、lable.Abefore BonceCuntil Dthough答案：B解析：句意：我方会留心贵方的要求，一旦有货将立即同你联系。once一旦。26This story reflects Bulls style of climbing：totally focused and by taking enormous risks he often succeeded _ others failed.Aas BuntilCif Dwhere答案：D解析：句意：这个故事反映了Bull的攀登风格：全力集中，冒着极大风险，他常常在别人失败的地方获得成功。27Since there are other ap
100、plicants on the line, we cant let you know our decision _ all of them have got their chances for interview.Auntil BsinceCwhen Dbecause答案：A解析：句意：由于还有其他的应聘者，只有等到所有人都面试完了，才能告知你我们的决定。until用于否定句中，not.until“直到才”。28Did you see who the runner was?No, he was opposite the playground _ I couldnt get a clear lo
101、ok at his face.Aso that Beven thoughCas if Din case答案：A解析：答语句意：没有，他在运动场的对面以至于我无法看清他的脸。so that以致于。29Tommy enjoyed himself so much _ he was on holiday in Beijing last year.Awhen BbecauseCthat Dwhere答案：A解析：句意：汤姆去年在北京度假时玩得很高兴。注意不能受句型so.that.的影响。30_ you have explored your fear in detail, you need to determine what tools you have access to that can help you move forward.ANow that BAfterCOnce DAs soon as答案：A解析：句意：既然你已细致地探究了自己的恐惧，那么你就需要找到能够用什么工具来帮助你前进。now that既然，由于。
