1、Unit 6 Earth first一、阅读理解ATariq Qaiser， an architect， is trying to protect mangroves（红树）.The trees could save Pakistans largest city Karachi， sitting on the Arabian Sea， from natural disasters. He comes to Bundal Island several times a week to document the illegal cutting of mangrove trees. On some d
2、ays， you cant hear a single bird because the chain saws are so loud. The trees are cut down illegally for firewood， he says， shaking his head. Besides， developers clear the mangroves to make room for construction.Karachi has a hot climate， and its concrete buildings and paved roads make it even hott
3、er.Offshore， there are islands where mangroves grow. They could be the key to slowing climate change. Mangrove forests pull carbon dioxide out of the air， holding four times as much of the planet-warming gas as other forests can. They support diverse ecosystems. As sea levels rise with global warmin
4、g， the trees could play a big role in protecting coastal cities like Karachi from flooding. Karachis mangroves are disappearing. But its numbers are rising in other parts of Pakistan. With replanting efforts， the country has tripled（成为三倍）its mangrove coverage over the past 30 years.Qaisers work may
5、have worked. Recently， a court in Karachi declared Bundal Islands mangroves to be protected forests. But unforested parts of the island remain unprotected， and developers want to build there. City officials say this could provide much-needed housing and bring in billions of dollars. They claim that
6、some of that money could be used to plant mangroves in other parts of Pakistan.Ecologist Rafiul Haq appreciates Qaisers extraordinary work educating the public about mangroves. But he wishes Qaiser would look at the bigger picture. Only 7 of Pakistans mangroves are in Karachi， Haq says. He thinks it
7、s wrong to focus on the losses in 7 of the country while ignoring the success in 93 of it. But Qaiser believes its important to protect every bit.巴基斯坦建筑师Tariq Qaiser为保护红树林而奔走，并取得了一定的效果。1.What do we know about Karachis mangroves？A. They occupy the building land.B. Theyre home to various birds.C. They
8、re primarily being used as firewood.D. They protect the city from climate catastrophes.解析D细节理解题。由第一段中的The trees could save Pakistans largest city Karachi， sitting on the Arabian Sea， from natural disasters可知，本题选D。2.Why are efforts made to conserve the mangrove trees？A. Their birthplaces meet crisis.
9、B. They boast huge diversity.C. Their bonds with nature are close.D. They grow at a rapid speed.解析C推理判断题。由第二段中的the key to slowing climate change.pull carbon dioxide out of the air.support diverse ecosystems.the trees could play a big role in protecting coastal cities like Karachi from flooding可知，红树林
10、可以减缓气候变化、吸收空气中的二氧化碳、支持生态多元化、并保护海滨城市免遭洪灾。据此可以推断，保护它们是因为它们与自然的关系非常密切，故选C。3.What does the Karachi government plan to do？A. Grow mangroves in other areas.B. Destroy buildings to grow mangroves.C. Build more mangrove reserves.D. Use mangroves to make profit.解析A细节理解题。由第三段中的They claim that some of that mon
11、ey could be used to plant mangroves in other parts of Pakistan可知，政府官员宣称他们会用Bundal Island建筑用地中获取的资金去巴基斯坦的其他区域种植红树，故选A。4.What does Haq think of Qaisers work on Karachis mangroves？A. Challenging.B. Effective.C. Insignificant.D. Partial.解析D态度推断题。由最后一段中的But he wishes Qaiser would look at the bigger pictu
12、re.But Qaiser believes its important to protect every bit可知，Haq希望Qaiser可以看到更大的图景，他说巴基斯坦只有7的红树林在卡拉奇。他认为只关注全国7的损失，而忽视93的成功是错误的。但是Qaiser认为保护每一处都很重要。由此可推知，Haq认为Qaiser在卡拉奇红树林上的工作是有偏袒的，故选D项。B2024安徽六校开学测试This 3-mile stretch of sand and tide pools beneath a fortress of 80-foot bluffs is a California tourism
13、 poster if there ever was one. Nothing disturbs the perfect， sunny view， except once you notice them microplastic particles. But you have to look close on-your-hands-and-knees close to see one. And once you do， you see another and another so many that you may not think of this， or any beach， in the
14、same way again. These tiny preproduction plastic balls that manufacturers melt down to form everything have been escaping factories， container ships， trains， trucks and public notice for decades.The 2- to 3-millimeter multicolored balls are a subset（子集） of microplastic particles less than 5 millimet
15、ers in size. Microplastic particles accumulate where water takes them， and theyve been found on shorelines of every continent.Mark McReynolds is an environmental scientist whos now joined a global movement studying their trail into the environment. Establishing a baseline count of the presence of mi
16、croplastic particles and， more broadly， any microplastics is the focus of Dr McReynolds scientific study here. Charting the count and noting tide， current， and weather conditions will show if amounts are increasing， and perhaps at what rate and why. That knowledge， he says， can inform solutions to p
17、lastic pollution such as regulation of their use.What are you doing？ Picking up trash？ asks a steady stream of beach walkers whenever Dr McReynolds crew walks onto the beach and sets up equipment. These are teachable moments for Dr McReynolds.One recent morning he told some beach walkers how micropl
18、astic particles are believed to absorb toxic chemicals， and because they resemble fish eggs are eaten by fish and birds and enter the food chain. Almost right on time， a seagull hopped up to a plastic-coated photo of microplastic particles and hungrily pecked（啄食） at it.Will his work help save the wo
19、rld？ Dr McReynolds wags （摇） a finger at that idea， I wont ever use that word I wont save the world from this pollution problem. Protect it， yes. We want to take care of it.微塑料颗粒因为体积小，很久以来一直被人类忽视，但其实它们对地球生物有着极其可怕的影响。为了更好地保护地球，环境科学家McReynolds以及他的团队正在进行一项研究。【词语积累】particle n.颗粒melt down熔化accumulate v.堆积
20、，积聚，积累establish v.确定，建立resemble v.看起来像【熟词生义】1.escape常用义：v. 逃跑文中义：v. 被忽视2.chart 常用义：n. 图表文中义：v. 记录，跟踪1. What can we know about microplastic particles from paragraph 1？A. They are too small to be seen.B. They are products of plastic balls.C. They have been ignored for long.D. They can be made into alm
21、ost nothing.解析C细节理解题。由第一段中的These tiny preproduction plastic balls.have been escaping.public notice for decades可知，本题选C项。2. What does Dr McReynolds focus on in his study？A. Classifying plastic particles into subsets.B. Finding solutions to plastic pollution.C. Charting the tides and currents of oceans
22、.D. Getting to know the basic number of microplastics.解析D细节理解题。由第三段的Establishing a baseline count.Dr McReynolds scientific study here可知，本题选D项。3. What does a seagulls pecking at the picture prove？A. The interesting teachable moments.B. The harmful effect of microplastic particles.C. The spread of poi
23、sonous chemicals.D. The beauty of the photo of microplastic particles.解析B推理判断题。由倒数第二段的how microplastic particles are believed.hungrily pecked（啄食） at it可知，微塑料颗粒会吸收有毒的化学物质，且因为它们看上去像鱼卵，它们会被鱼类和鸟类吃掉，从而进入食物链。结合以上信息不难推知，海鸥的举动正好说明了微塑料颗粒的危害，故选B项。4. What does Dr McReynolds expect of his work？A. To inspire the
24、 public.B. To test solutions.C. To preserve the earth.D. To save the world.解析C细节理解题。由最后一段的I wont save the world from this pollution problem. Protect it， yes. We want to take care of it可知，本题选C项。二、完形填空2024福建福州一测The amount and scale（规模） of environmental issues may seem too much for ordinary people. But
25、 with hard work and determination， anyone can 1 great things.One such person is Yin Yuzhen. At a young age， Yin moved to Inner Mongolia to live with her husband in the desert. She felt 2. To cheer herself up and improve the 3 environment， Yin began planting trees to take 4 back from the desert. I wo
26、uld rather die of 5 from fighting the sand than be buried by it！ she said. The couple had to travel on foot， doing 6 by hand. At first， many trees did not survive，7 over the years， she learnt from her 8，discovering the best plants and methods to use to successfully plant a 9 in the desert. Over more
27、 than three decades， they have planted over 300，000 trees. It has been said of Yin： She is a symbol of courage， patience， and 10. Her work in greening the desert deserves universal 11.It is without any doubt 12 to see a clear example of how the problem of desertification can be dealt with. 13 may se
28、em small and insignificant， yet over time they 14 together to become great achievements. A journey of 1，000 miles begins with a single step and the will to 15. Take your first step. Plant your first tree.殷玉珍年轻的时候前往内蒙古和丈夫在沙漠生活，为了振奋精神、改善艰苦环境，她开始种树。虽然刚开始树的成活率不高，但她和丈夫逐渐地取得成功。30多年来，他们总共种了30多万棵树。1. A. tur
29、nB. storeC. achieveD. promise解析C结合下文讲述的事迹和常识可知，此处说的是只要努力、有决心，任何人都可以实现（achieve）伟大的事业，故选C项。2.A. lonelyB. nervousC. freeD. well解析A由空前的At a young age， Yin moved to Inner Mongolia to live with her husband in the desert和常识可知，一个年轻姑娘孤身前往内蒙古和丈夫在沙漠生活，应该会感到孤独（lonely）。3. A. friendlyB. changingC. quietD. tough解析
30、D由常识和殷玉珍夫妇种树的举动可知，殷玉珍想改善沙漠里艰苦的（tough）环境。4. A. airB. landC. foodD. energy解析B由常识可知，在沙漠里种树是为了从沙漠那里夺回土地（land）。5. A. sicknessB. emptinessC. tirednessD. sadness解析C殷玉珍宁可种树累死（die of tiredness）也不愿被沙土掩埋。6.A. everythingB. somethingC. nothingD. anything解析A殷玉珍夫妇出行靠走，一切事情（everything）都要靠手去做。7. A. orB. andC. soD. b
31、ut解析D所填词表示转折关系，故用but。8.A. failureB. feelingsC. determinationD. dreams解析A殷玉珍从失败（failure）中吸取了经验。9. A. gardenB. forestC. seedD. crop解析B由they have planted over 300，000 trees可知，她用最好的植物和方法成功地在沙漠里种出了一片森林（forest）。10. A. fortuneB. honestyC. harmonyD. perseverance解析D结合殷玉珍所做的事可知，本题选D，perseverance表示毅力，不屈不挠的精神。f
32、ortune命运，机会；honesty诚实，正直；harmony融洽，和睦。11. A. organizationB. truthC. respectD. method解析C由常识可知，30多年来靠双手在沙漠中种出一片森林是值得大家尊重（respect）的。12. A. interestingB. challengingC. relaxingD. inspiring解析D由上文中讲到的殷玉珍种树的故事可以看出，这样的努力是很激励人心的（inspiring）。interesting有趣的；challenging有挑战性的；relaxing令人放松的，轻松的。13.A. ActionsB. Cho
33、icesC. PromisesD. Events解析A行动（Actions）可能看起来微不足道，无关紧要，但随着时间的推移，它们结合（join）在一起，那就是伟大的成就。14. A. standB. joinC. getD. put解析B参见上题解析。15. A. argueB. surviveC. continueD. believe解析C此处指的是继续（continue）下去的意志。三、语法填空生态环保/In Guatemala， environmental workers have set up a steel net 1 a dirty river to try to trap pla
34、stics and other pollutants. The two ends of the net 2（fix） on the two sides of the river. The Ocean Cleanup， a non-profit group 3（base） in the Netherlands， is leading the effort on the Las Vacas River near Guatemala City. The environmental group uses the 4（equip） specially made to catch and remove p
35、ollutants from the water，5 aim is to stop the flow of plastics and other pollution before they enter the ocean.The 6（rain） season in Guatemala begins in May and lasts for several months. Levels of pollution in the river are 7（high） during the rains. And The Ocean Cleanup is sparing no effort 8（block
36、） much of the pollution. The net has caught so many pollutants that one part of it looks bent. The next step in 9 process is to clear the pollutants from the net. The environmentalists 10（test） to find the best way to set up and use the barrier at the moment. We will continue to evaluate variables（变
37、量） such as net height， net size， and foundation security during this pilot period in Guatemala， the group said.在危地马拉，环保工作者利用钢丝网拦截河流中的污染物。 1.across考查介词。由下文中的The two ends of the net.two sides of the river可知，此处应填across（从的一边到另一边）。 2.arefixed考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；fix与主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是复数，谓语动词
38、也应用复数，故填are fixed。 3.based考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词。base在此为及物动词，意为把（总部等）设在，与a non-profit group是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表示状态，故填based。 4.equipment考查名词。由空前的uses the可知，此处应用不可数名词equipment。 5.whose考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，故填whose。 6.rainy考查形容词。空处应用形容词作定语，故填rainy。the rainy season表示雨季。 7.higher考查形容词的级。此处暗含两个时期的比较（雨季与非雨季相比），应用比较级，故填higher。 8.toblock考查非谓语动词。spare no effort to do sth.为固定搭配，故填to block。 9.the考查冠词。此处特指拦截并清理水中的污染物这整个过程，故填定冠词the。10.aretesting考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示当前正在进行的主动动作，且主语表示复数意义，故填are testing。
