1、Unit 2 Wildlife Protection一、阅读理解AA new rule has been passed that will protect more than 50 of the worlds shark species， many of which are endangered. The deal was signed by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora （CITES）， which manages how people deal in p
2、lants and animals. Most of the worlds countries are members of CITES. The deal puts 60 shark species under the protection of CITES. One of the reasons sharks are endangered is that they are hunted for their fins（鳍）， which are used in shark fin soup. The sharks that are hunted most for their fins inc
3、lude blue and tiger sharks. Thanks to this agreement， around 95 of sharks that people catch for their fins are now protected. This means that anyone trying to buy or sell these types of sharks must show an official document. These official documents will only be given to people or companies that hav
4、e proved to scientists that their business doesnt endanger wildlife or damage the ocean.Conservationists hope the deal will protect biodiversity in the sea. Sharks are very important for this because they are usually apex animals that hunt， kill and eat other animals. That means they are at the high
5、est point of the food chain. If sharks were to disappear， it would seriously affect sea life lower down the food chain， as some species numbers would increase fast. This could affect the delicate balance of all sea life.Some biologists have criticised the new rule. They think that making it harder t
6、o fish for sharks will make their fins even more expensive， which would encourage illegal fishing. However， Shawn Heinrichs from Only One， a group that campaigns to protect the ocean， called it the biggest win in the history of ocean species.本文是说明文，主要围绕一项旨在管理鲨鱼贸易的新协议展开。【词语积累】endangered adj.（动植物）濒临灭绝
7、的，濒危的conservationist n.自然环境保护主义者biodiversity n.生物多样性【熟词生义】campaign 常用义：n.运动，战役文中义：v.领导运动1. Why was the new deal made？A. To control the trade in endangered sharks.B. To preserve biodiversity in the sea.C. To ban people from fishing for sharks.D. To protect endangered plants and animals.解析A细节理解题。由第一段中
8、的The deal was signed. which manages how people deal in plants and animals和第二段中的Thanks to this agreement. anyone trying to buy or sell these types of sharks must show an official document可知，这一新协议是用来管理鲨鱼贸易的，故选A。2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word apex in paragraph 3？A. Frightening
9、.B. Major.C. Dangerous.D.Top.解析D词义猜测题。由That means they are at the highest point of the food chain可知，鲨鱼通常都是位于食物链顶端的动物，它们追捕、杀死并吃掉其他动物，因此选D。3. What can be inferred about the new rule from the last paragraph？A. It can prevent illegal fishing.B. It is a debatable deal.C. It does wonders for ocean species
10、.D. It is questioned by most biologists.解析B推理判断题。由最后一段中的Some biologists have criticised the new rule以及However， Shawn Heinrichs from Only One. called it the biggest win in the history of ocean species可知，人们对这一新协议的态度并不一样，有些人支持，有些人反对，因此这一新协议是有争议的，故选B。4. Which can be the best title for this text？A. Natio
11、ns Sign Up to Save SharksB. New Rules Benefit Life in the OceanC. Sharks Are Vital to Ocean BiodiversityD. CITES Aims to Protect Ocean Species解析A标题归纳题。本文主要围绕一项旨在保护鲨鱼的新协议展开，故选A。B生态环保/2023山东潍坊统考The Atlantic salmon（鲑） of Scotland are hardy and determined animals. Each spring and summer， they return fro
12、m the North Atlantic Ocean to lay eggs in Scotlands shallow rivers， leaping up waterfalls and over barriers， pushing themselves upstream in enormous efforts. Some fail， and the others succeed， but today they face another challenge.During the mid-1980s， there were between eight and ten million salmon
13、 swimming around Scotlands Atlantic coast； that number has now dropped sharply. Theres evidence of rising at-sea death as climate change warms and acidifies the ocean， reducing the availability of the salmons prey（猎物）. New research suggests climate change is also bearing down on rivers， which is bad
14、 news for salmon. Having adapted to life in cold water， salmon experience slow growth and population changes at high temperatures. Heat influences their health and reduces their resistance to disease.Now salmon are struggling to deal with the rising temperatures. There are recent records of 27 in th
15、e upper reaches of the Dee catchment， says Peter Cairns， director of an environmental charity. In 2018， Scotland recorded the lowest rod catch for salmon since records began. Evidence suggests that the degraded quality of river catchments worsens the impact of our changing climate. Atlantic salmon e
16、volved using river systems in Scotland that were once way more forested and therefore shaded， says Cairns. Yet Scotland is today one of the least wooded countries in Europe， with just 3 percent of its native woodland undamaged. Scientists have found that just 35 percent of rivers in Scotland have en
17、ough tree cover for salmon survival.A movement to get trees back on riverbanks is gathering pace. Broadleaf trees close to the bank can reduce the light that enters the water， explains fisheries scientist Anthony Hawkins. A new initiative called Riverwoods led by the Scottish Wildlife Trust and supp
18、orted by Scottish Water and several other government and regulatory bodies aims to create a network of woodlands along Scotlands riverbanks， and has already received a number of large funds.Money is not the pressing business. River health is complex， but tree planting is one of the most basic things
19、 we can get started with right away，says Cairns.全球变暖给大西洋鲑的生存带来了极大的挑战，为了给大西洋鲑提供更好的生存环境，苏格兰有关部门计划在河岸上植树。【词语积累】hardy adj.能吃苦耐劳的，适应力强的；耐寒的acidify v.（使）变成酸，酸化bear down on加压力于wooded adj.树木覆盖的pressing adj.紧迫的，不容忽视的1. Why do Atlantic salmon make great journeys back to the rivers？A. To search for foods.B. To
20、 reproduce.C. The rivers are relatively cool.D. The seas are increasingly warm.解析B细节理解题。由第一段中的Each spring and summer， they return from the North Atlantic Ocean to lay eggs in Scotlands shallow rivers可知，大西洋鲑每年春夏之际会洄游到苏格兰去产卵，故B项正确。reproduce繁殖，生育。2. How do the rising temperatures in rivers affect salmo
21、n？A. They make them grow more quickly.B. They make them more heat-resistant.C. They make them less active in water.D. They make them more likely to get diseases.解析D细节理解题。由第二段最后一句Heat influences their health and reduces their resistance to disease可知，高温影响了大西洋鲑的健康，降低了它们对疾病的抵抗力，据此可推知，它们更容易得病，故D项正确。3. Wh
22、at is a challenge for salmon when they return to Scotlands rivers？A. There is a shortage of food.B. There are many fishermen.C. The ecological environment has changed.D. The river systems are unsuitable for the forest growth.解析C细节理解题。由第三段中的Atlantic salmon evolved using river systems in Scotland.one
23、of the least wooded countries in Europe可知，大西洋鲑已经适应了苏格兰森林茂密的生态环境，然而现在的苏格兰却成了欧洲树木覆盖最少的国家之一，这对大西洋鲑来说是一个挑战，故C项正确。4. What does Cairns really intend to tell us in the last paragraph？A. It is urgent to plant riverbank trees.B. It is too hard to restore the river health.C. There is enough money for the proj
24、ect.D. There are too many vital things to deal with.解析A推理判断题。由最后一段中Cairns所说的话中的tree planting is one of the most basic things we can get started with right away可知，Cairns认为种树是可以立刻开始着手做的事情之一，据此可以推断，Cairns认为当务之急是种植河岸树木，故A项正确。二、完形填空2023广东深圳一调Natalie and Callie， both 13 years old， started raising monarch
25、butterflies（黑脉金斑蝶） for fun in 2020. But after realizing monarch butterflies were an endangered species， their 1 soon turned into a serious mission.They learned that the population of monarch butterflies had 2 since the early 1990s， due to habitat 3 and widespread use of chemicals， which made milkwee
26、ds monarch butterflies 4 for their main diet dangerous to eat.So the girls teamed up with a national nonprofit group to plant a native garden 5 for the butterflies. The garden grew organic milkweeds that 6 and kept the butterflies. To help 7 the locals to sustain the monarch butterflys population， t
27、hey created an exhibition about monarch butterflies in the local library. They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town， but it 8 a lot. To cover the expense， they set up a stand at the Farmers Market to sell their 9 milkweeds for people to plant. Although the fundraising days were 10， they
28、 finally succeeded in earning enough money with their hard work and peoples support.The team has won the Silver Award for their 11 of taking care of these butterflies， but they are not 12 with their work. Our next step is to cut down on the use of 13 to guarantee a safe environment for the monarch b
29、utterflies， said Natalie. In the award ceremony， their teacher Brian 14， I am so proud of them for their constant 15.13岁的Natalie和Callie之前把养黑脉金斑蝶当作一个业余爱好，但是当了解到黑脉金斑蝶是濒危物种后，她们便开始采取措施保护黑脉金斑蝶。1. A. dreamB. hobbyC. careerD. decision解析B由上文中的started raising monarch butterflies（黑脉金斑蝶） for fun可知，Natalie和Call
30、ie把养黑脉金斑蝶当作一种业余爱好（hobby）。2. A. doubledB. agedC. declinedD. exploded解析C由上文中的monarch butterflies were an endangered species可知，黑脉金斑蝶的数量下降（declined）了。3.A.managementB. assessmentC. selectionD.destruction解析D由语境可知，此处说的是黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因。由空后的widespread use of chemicals和常识可知，黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因之一是栖息地遭到了破坏（destruction）。m
31、anagement经营，管理；assessment评估，评定；selection选择，挑选，选拔。4. A. relied onB. kept offC.broke downD. gave away解析A黑脉金斑蝶主要依赖（relied on）马利筋草而生。keep off与保持距离；break down分解，出故障，失败；give away赠送，泄露。5. A. partlyB. secretlyC. rarelyD.specially解析D两个女孩联合一个国家级非营利性团体专门（specially）为黑脉金斑蝶在当地种出了一个花园。6. A. attractedB. protectedC.
32、 monitoredD. trapped解析A上文中讲到了马利筋草是黑脉金斑蝶的主要食物，那么，有机的马利筋草可以吸引（attracted）黑脉金斑蝶。7. A. employB. educateC. forceD. limit解析B由语境和常识可知，她们在当地图书馆举办展览是为了教导（educate）当地人维持黑脉金斑蝶的数量。employ雇用，使用，运用；force强迫；limit限制。8. A. meantB. costC. changedD. hurt解析B由下文中的To cover the expense和the fundraising可知，在镇里搭建教育标牌花费（cost）很大。9
33、. A. dryB. medicalC. healthyD. wild解析Chealthy（健康的）符合语境。10. A. pleasingB. lightC. longD. disappointing解析C由Although和下文中的they finally succeeded in earning enough money可以推知，筹款活动花费的时间有点儿长（long）。11. A. projectB. conceptC. scheduleD. assignment解析A此处指的是她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的项目（project）。concept概念，观念；schedule工作计划，日程安排；as
34、signment（分派的）工作，任务。12. A. concernedB. connectedC. finishedD. occupied解析C由下文中的Our next step is to cut down on the use可知，她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的行动并没有结束（finished）。concerned担心的，忧虑的；connected有关联的；occupied忙于的。13. A. chemicalsB. timeC. fundsD. energy解析A由上文中的widespread use of chemicals和下文中的guarantee a safe environment f
35、or the monarch butterflies可知，她们的下一步是要减少化学品（chemicals）的使用。14. A. quotedB. continuedC. repliedD.commented解析D由I am so proud of them for their constant 15可知，引号中的内容是老师的评论，故选D。15. A. donationsB. supportC. patienceD.efforts解析D由全文内容可知，Natalie和Callie一直在为保护黑脉金斑蝶努力，老师也为此感到骄傲，故选D。三、语法填空生态环保/The mountain bongo a
36、ntelope（山地紫羚）， one of the most endangered animals， is likely to continue wandering in the wild for longer. 1（follow） 18 years of conservation efforts， staff members from the Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy reached a milestone this year the first baby mountain bongo was born in the wild.Unique 2 equ
37、atorial forests， the mountain bongo is the largest and most colorful of the forest antelopes in Africa. This species 3（see） a dramatic decline in numbers in the last few decades from 4 estimated population of 25，000 to less than 100. Its population decline was 5（main） human-driven. Now the conservan
38、cy is making efforts in partnership with the Kenyan government to help the mountain bongo through one 6（innovate） breeding（饲养） and rewilding program.Due to the massive decline， we 7（leave） with less than 100 of the species in the wild. The mountain bongo is only found in Kenya and its decline in thi
39、s area therefore means its decline in the world. That explains 8 taking immediate action here is so urgent， Robert Aruho from the conservancy said. He added that 9（enable） the animals to adapt to life in the wild， they have taken a series of measures. With the first phase of the 10（adapt） being comp
40、lete， the conservancy has moved to the second phase which involves introducing the antelopes to the wild.本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了肯尼亚山野生动物保护协会在拯救濒危动物山地紫羚方面所付出的努力。【词语积累】conservation n.保护equatorial adj.赤道的，赤道附近的human-driven adj.受人类影响的，由人类造成的in partnership with 与合作massive adj.巨大的1.Following考查非谓语动词。follow与句子主语staf
41、f members之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且谓语动作是随非谓语动作而来的结果，故填现在分词Following。2.to考查介词。unique to.表示特有的，为固定搭配，故填介词to。3.has seen考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语in the last few decades可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语This species是单数，且与谓语动词之间为主谓关系，故填has seen。4.an考查冠词。所填词表示数字1，且estimated的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。5.mainly考查副词。空处所填词修饰形容词human-driven，应用副词，故填mainly。6.innovative考查形容词。结合空前的one和空后的名词性短语可知，空处应用形容词来作定语。innovative表示引进新思想的，采用新方法的，创新的。7.are left考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时；leave和主语we之间是被动关系，故填are left。8.why考查宾语从句。空处所填词引导宾语从句，且在从句中作原因状语，故填why。9.to enable考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式表示目的和主动关系，故填to enable。10.adaptation考查名词。由空前的of the可知，空处应用名词作宾语。不可数名词adaptation在此表示适应。
