1、单元提升卷05 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元基础知识巩固拓展词汇变形1. n&vt. 营救；救援 n. 营救人员；救援人员2. vi. 生存；存活vt. 幸存；艰难度过 n. 幸存者；生还者 n. 幸存；生还3. n. 死；死亡 vi. 死；死亡 adj. 死的；无生命的 adj. 垂死的；临终的4. n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt. (使)震惊 adj. 震惊的 adj. 令人震惊的5. vi.&vt. 呼吸 n呼吸6. vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒 n. 振兴；复苏7. vt. 遭受；蒙受vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 n. 痛苦；苦难 n. 受苦者
2、8. n. 智慧；才智 adj. 明智的；有智慧的 adv. 明智地；有智慧地9. vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫(过去式) (过去分词) 10. vi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打n. 罢工；罢课；袭击(过去式) (过去分词) 11. n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 adj. 强大的；强有力的 adj. 无力的；没有能力的；无权力的12. vi.&vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 n. 爆发13. adj. 镇静的；沉着的vt. 使平静；使镇静 adv. 镇静地；沉着地14. vt.&vi. 递送；传达vt. 发表 n. 递送；传达15. n. 影响；结果；效果 adj. 有效的16.
3、 n. 长；长度 adj. 长的 vt. 加长 核心短语互译1. 指的是；，查阅；提到2. 过去常常3. 建立4. 至少5. 似乎；好像；仿佛6. 严重受损；破败不堪7. 震惊；吃惊8. 吹走；刮走9. 结束10. 倒塌11. 穿过；贯穿；抄近路12. 和往常一样13. 消灭；彻底消除14. 露天；在户外15. 现有(尤指帮助)16. 保持平静17. 远离18. 确保19. fight the fire 20. floodhit area 21. rescue worker 22. hundreds of 23. nothing but 24. dig out 25. the number o
4、f 一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1With no rain for over a year, the city is suffering _ unusually hot weather.2Given the fast pace of the job market now, 21st century employees are faced with challenges _ their parents never experienced.3On the hill were maple trees _ leaves had turned red.4The crops died during the
5、 _ (dry). 5The earthquake should be responsible for the_ (dead) and loss. 6The south of the country _(affect) by the flood last year. 7Temperature and the _ (long) of day are traditionally accepted as the main factors in affecting when leaves change colour and fall. 8_ summary, it is my opinion that
6、 the whole process of treatment was very successful.9Many Lithuanians have expressed doubts about the_ (wise) of the decision. 10Below is a _ (summarize) of what we talked about.11What he did had a bad _(affect) on childrens behaviour. 12What _(strike) her was that the beauty of the place was beyond
7、 description. 13It was really a terrifying experience. Afterwards everybody was very _(shock). 14Although the polite British approach to _ (deliver) jokes means that sometimes its difficult to even tell if it is a joke or not. 15Hold your _(breathe) for a count of five, then slowly breathe out. 16Me
8、dical workers were asked to give up their holidays because of the national _(emerge). 17Quite a few people used to believe _ (disaster) were sure to strike if a mirror was broken. 18The whole village _(destroy) in the sudden flood last year, leaving nothing to the native people. 19My new white dress
9、 was totally _(ruin) by the dirty water. 20She used an umbrella to take shelter _ the burning sun.21He has great difficulty in catching _(he) breath. 22She received many letters of support from fellow_(suffer). 23The brain requires constant _(supply) of oxygen. 24In the traffic accident, the _(survi
10、ve) were all badly injured.25All things there gave him a feeling of security and _(calm).26Please evacuate the building _(immediate). 27The criminal escaped _ helicopter.28The officials _ (helicopter) aboard the ship. 29The farm came to him on his fathers death, but he was not _ (interest) in being
11、a farmer. 30She was _ (deep) affected by the sad story. 二、完成句子31多年的战斗使这个村庄严重受损。Years of fighting have left the village_ _.32仿佛世界末日即将来临。It _ _ _ the world were coming to an end.33你会获得你从未获得过的体验。Youll gain the experience _ _ _ _.34他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。They _the burning building.35我突然想到，我们应该制订一个新的方案。_ _ _ that
12、we should work out a new plan.三、根据汉语意思填写单词36Both students have made quite a few experiments on _(电). 37It is said that a team of soldiers were sent to the area _(影响) by the flood. 38His head _ (撞) the bottom when he dived into the 6-feet end of the pool. 39They had accidentally damaged a gas _(管子) w
13、hile drilling. 40The whole country is looking forward to the _(营救) of the miners. 41A fisherman is trying to _ (幸存) a storm. 42He says its like a volcano ready to _(喷发). 43We will _(遭受) hardship in our life, but we should stick to our dream and work hard to realise it. 44As far as Im concerned, our
14、success is the fruit of everyones _ (智慧). 45Could you help me write a _(概要) of this passage and send it to me on Monday? 46After the big fire, the house lay in _(废墟)47Before I went off to university, my father gave me a few words of _(智慧). 48The town was completely _ (毁灭) by a flood but was soon reb
15、uilt in a year. 49Because of the _(洪水), the number of homeless people has increased rapidly.50They have received notice of an approaching _ (台风). 高考能力提升四、阅读理解AHeres how the Pacific Northwest is preparing for “The Big One”. Its the mother of all disaster drills for what could be the worst disaster in
16、 American history. California has spent years preparing for “The Big One” the inevitable earthquake that will undoubtedly bring about all kinds of damage along the famous San Andreas fault. But what if the fault that runs along the Pacific Northwest delivers a gigantic earthquake of its own? If the
17、people of the Cascadia region have anything to do with it, they wont be caught unawares.The region is engaged in a multi-day earthquake-and-tsunami drill involving around 20, 000 people. The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a chance to practice what to do in case o
18、f a 9. 0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami along one of the nations dangerous and underestimated faults.The Cascadia Earthquake Zone is big enough to compete with San Andreas (its been called the most dangerous fault in America), but its much lesser known than its California cousin. Nearly 700 miles
19、long, the earthquake zone is located by the North American Plate off the coast of Pacific British Columbia. Washington, Oregon and Northern California. Cascadia is whats known as a “megathrust” fault. Megathrusts are created in subduction zones(俯冲带) plate tectonic(板块构造)boundaries where two plates co
20、nverge(相交). In the areas where one plate is beneath another, stress builds up over time. During a megathrust event, all of that stress releases and some of the worlds most powerful earthquake occur. Remember the 9. I earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean off Sumatra in 2004? It was caused by a
21、megathrust event as the India plate moved beneath the Burma micro-plate.The last time a major earthquake occurred along the Cascadia fault was in 1700, so officials worry that another event could occur any time. To prevent that event from becoming a severe disaster, first responders will join member
22、s of the public in rehearsals that involve communication, evacuation, search and rescue, and other possible situations.Thousands of casualties(伤亡人员) are expected if a 9. 0 earthquake were to occur. First, the earthquake would shake metropolitan areas including Seattle and Portland. This could cause
23、a tsunami that would create damage along the coast. Not all casualties can necessarily be prevented - but by coordinating across local, state, and even national borders, officials hope that the worst-case situation can be prevented. On the exercises website, officials explain that the report they pr
24、epare during this rehearsal will inform disaster management for years to come.For hundreds of thousands of Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isnt a question of if, only when. And its never too early to get ready for the inevitable.51What does “The Big One” refer to?AA gigantic geological fault in Am
25、erica.BA large-scale drill to prepare for disasters.CA massive and destructive natural disaster.DMass destruction caused by the earthquake.52What is the purpose of the Cascadia Rising drill?ATo prepare people for a major earthquake and tsunami.BTo increase residentsawareness of upcoming disasters.CT
26、o teach people now how adapt to post-disaster life.DTo cope with the aftermath of a possible earthquake.53What happens in case of a megathrust earthquake according to the passage?ATwo plates merge into one.BA variety of forces converge.CBoundaries blur between plates.DEnormous stress is released.54W
27、hat can we learn from the passage?AA large-scale drill is supposed to prevent deaths in the earthquake.BSan Andreas fault once delivered a 9. 1 earthquake in the Indian Ocean.CNo massive earthquake is expected to strike Califomia in the near future.DDisaster-relief efforts at different levels may he
28、lp reduce possible losses.BLightning(闪电) strikes more than eight million times a day worldwide. Thats about 93 times per second. What a phenomenon!How hot is a lightning bolt? About 50, 000F-five times hotter than the surface of the sun. Yes, it really can rain frogs, fish, and other decidedly odd t
29、hings. Its a rare meteorological(气象学的) event, but scientists say strong winds from a tornado or from a storm can be powerful enough to drive animals and objects high into the air, and they have to comedown eventually.It is a bad idea to take a shower during a thunderstorm. If lightning hits your hou
30、se, it can travel through your plumbing(管道设备) and shock anyone who comes into contact with water flowing through it. People have been shocked or killed while bathing, washing dishes and clothes. This is also why indoor pools often close during storms. Rubber tires are not what protect you from light
31、ning when youre in your car. Youre protected because when lightning hits a car, it travels around the outside of the metal structure to get to the ground. Just be careful not to touch any metal areas inside.Lightning can strike the same place twiceand it often does, especially objects that are tall,
32、 pointy, and separated. The Empire State Building, for example, is hit almost 100 times a year, according to the CDCYou can be struck by lightning even when its no training. About 10 percent of lightning strikes take place when theres no rainfall. In the 1980s, NASA flew one airplane through 1.496 t
33、hunderstorms. It was struck by lightning more than 700 times. Today, a commercial airplane will be hit by lightning about once a year on average, typically with no ill effects. It has been decades since a U.S. airliner has crashed as a result of a lightning strike.To deal with such a frequent phenom
34、enon, every day, twice a day, weather trackers, at the same time, launch giant balloons from almost 900 locations worldwide. The balloons measure above ground weather data such as temperature, humidity(湿气), and wind speed, and they provide vital information that meteorologists use to make forecasts
35、and predict lightning.55What can lightning lead to according to the text?ABurning everything.BRaining animals.CShocking everybody outdoors.DHitting an object for once.56What is the right thing to do during a lightning strike?ATake abath at home.BSwim in a pool.CAvoid metal things.DStand under at all
36、 tree.57What can be inferred from the text?ANo sign of rainfall means no lightning.BEfforts have been made to keep aircraft safe.CCommercial planes can escape lightning hits.DThe Empire State Building faces most lightning strikes.58What reduces the damage of a lightning strike?ALightning location.BM
37、easurement balloons.CChanging wind direction.DWeather forecast and prediction.五、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Floods are common and frequently destructive natural events that annually affect around 250 million people worldwide. Though the causes of floods usually heavy rainfall or 59 (
38、melt) show are unavoidable, knowledge of the correct procedures before, during and after a flood can make 60 difference.Before a flood occurs, we must work to reduce the risk to people and their 61 (valuable). Firstly, you should prepare disaster supplies 62 include a light source, sleeping bags, wa
39、rm clothes, and most importantly, at least three days of food and drinking water. Secondly, you should bring the most important objects to the upper levels of your house, ensuring that they will be less likely 63 (ruin).During a flood, its important to leave 64 you are immediately. The longer you st
40、ay, the more danger youll be in. Be sure to move to 65 (high) ground. If youre already inside a building, move to the upper floor. Dont walk or drive through the moving floodwater, since as little as 15 centimeters of moving water 66 (be) enough to knock down an adult, and 60 centimeters can wash mo
41、st cars away. 67 a flood, be attentive enough to official news reports to find out when its safe to return to your home. As you return home, watch out for possible dangers. The flood may have damaged roads and power lines already. Keep away from the 68 (pollute) flood water as it may be unsafe to to
42、uch.六、告知信/通知69假设你是李华，这个周日你们学校将举行地震知识讲座，请你写一封邮件告知来自英国的交换生Jim。内容包括：1. 时间、地点、主讲人及参加对象；2. 讲座意义；3. 注意事项。注意：写作词数应在80词左右。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua七、读后续写70阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。As Hurricane Lan bore down on Florida, many residents who stayed put found themselves unable to leave even if they trie
43、d. For hours they were forced to fight heavy winds and attempt to escape flooding inside long-loved homes that had become frightening, deadly traps. Within days, around 100 deaths in the state would be attributed to the hurricane, many of them were older residents who drowned.When the water slipped
44、in under the door of their home, it was just a glimmer on the floor, a sign that it was time to go. It was Wednesday, Sept.28, around noon, and Bishop woke up her two brothers, who had been resting after lunch. She pulled the wheelchair up to the oldest, Russell, 67. Her other brother, Todd, 63, cou
45、ld manage with a walker.Both men had been born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫), and their mental development was like that of a young child. About 10 years ago, they started showing signs of Parkinsons disease. But they found joy in their surroundings. Todd liked collecting cans at the beach. Russell loved
46、 riding the bus and going to parks. Bishop, 61, was their lifeline, their little sister who had long felt an obligation to keep them safe.“Weve got to get going!” she shouted to them. She went to open the front door. It would not move. The weight of the water on the other side had made it shut. She
47、rushed to try the door to the garage. It, too, was stuck. Thats when the house began to flood. It went from ankle-deep to knee-deep in less than five minutes. Bishop knew that there was no way out.Now Bishop and her brothers were trapped. At 12:34 p.m., she called 911 but couldnt get through. There
48、was no one she could get in touch with. To try her fortune, she texted a neighbor, Walters, who was always there when neighbors were in need, “Waters coming in.” Around her, she could hear the dining room hutch (餐具柜) tipping and crashing, the china breaking, the refrigerator toppling over.注意：(1)续写词数应为150左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。The only way to go was up, so Bishop guided her two bothers to the stairs._Bishop sank into despair, but she noticed it seemed water stopped coming in._
