1、2016年高考英语增分策略（一）阅读理解 2.词义猜测 考试说明指出：正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。词义猜测题常见的命题方式有以下几种：1The word/phrase“.”in th
2、e passage means_.2The word/phrase“.”could be best replaced by _.3Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to_？4The word/phrase“.”probably refers to _.5According to the passage，the word“.”is known as _.1利用构词法猜词英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前后缀构成的，运用构词法判断生词的意义是一种快速有效的解题方法。2利用语境及逻辑关系猜词利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果
3、、转折、对比、解释、定义和举例等关系来猜测词义。同时要特别留心某些词语，如 or，that is，in other words，including，although，but，even if，on the other hand，on the contrary，other than，rather than，more than，instead of 等。3利用同义解释猜词同义解释形式多样，有的利用下定义，有的利用 or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely 等引出后面的解释，有的利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句或同义词、近义词等引出后面的解释。4利用常识及生
4、活经验猜词考生要运用非语言知识提示来提高分析能力，力图理解阅读中的生词，以明确把握作者的意图。1对原相应表达方式的不正确改写2故意丢三落四，释意不完整3半对半错4曲解原意考题中若要求我们猜测熟悉词语的意思，我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思，那些常规含义的选项不会是要选择的正确答案。My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my bi
5、rthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would
6、 keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.Fortunately，I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电)noise.For some reason，when certain shows switched into a commercial，a loud no
7、ise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually，this noise began to appear during a show，and to get rid of it，I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work，and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my a
8、rm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise，I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist，and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me$62，and the set is working well now，but I k
9、eep expecting more trouble.1Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?AHe got an older model than he had expected.BHe couldnt return it when it was broken.CHe could have bought it at a lower price.DHe failed to find any movie shows on it.细节理解题。A 项“他购买的型号比自己所期望的要老”与文章第一段第三句话“我被售货员欺骗
10、购买了一个已经停产的型号”有出入，可排除；B 项“当电视坏了的时候，他不能退还”在文中没有提到；D 项“他在这台电视上找不到任何电影”与第一段最后一句“幸运的是，我没有那种播放整夜电影的频道，否则一宿都不能睡觉了”信息不一致。根据第一段中的 at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid(比我所付的钱少 75 美元)可知 C 项“他本可以以更低的价格买这台电视”正确。C1Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?AHe got an older model than he h
11、ad expected.BHe couldnt return it when it was broken.CHe could have bought it at a lower price.DHe failed to find any movie shows on it.2Which of the following can best replace the phrase“signed off”in Paragraph 1?Aended all their programsBprovided fewer channelsCchanged to commercialsDshowed all-ni
12、ght movies词义猜测题。该短语前的 I would keep it on 说明作者非常喜欢看电视，一直看到电视台停止播放节目为止，故 A 项“结束所有的节目”与短语sign off“结束广播/电视节目”意义相近，为正确答案。B 项“提供更少的频道”，C 项“更换成广告”，D 项“播放通宵电影”，均不符合此处语境。A3How did the author finally get his TV set working again?ABy shaking and hitting it.BBy turning it on and off.CBy switching channels.DBy h
13、aving it repaired.细节理解题。根据文章第二、三段的描述可知，当出现静电噪音并影响作者看节目的时候，作者采取了换台的方法，但是有时不起作用，排除 C项；然后作者又采取了“举起来摇晃电视”及“用拳头击打”的方法，后来这一招也失效了，排除 A 项；B 项“不断地开关电视”在文章中没有提到。再根据文章最后一句话 My trip to the repair shop cost me$62，and the set is working well now.可知作者最后只好花钱修理电视，且到目前为止电视还没有再出现什么问题。故选 D 项。D4How does the author sound
14、 when telling the story?ACurious.BAnxious.CCautious.DHumorous.推理判断题。这是一道判断作者讲述口吻的试题。文章第一段中的Fortunately，I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.和第二段中当作者不断地摇晃电视来消除静电噪音的时候，他说 I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉).(我居然开始练出胳膊肌肉)等，体现了作者幽默的写作手法。curious 好奇的；anxious 焦虑的；cautious 小心的。DprocessMy color television has given menothing but a headachemorediscontinuednoiseworkrepaired
