1、M5U2 The environment Welcome to the unit & Reading P21-25 1. protect/preserve the environment for future generations为子孙保护/拯救环境2. have/hold a debate (on/about/over sth) 进行辩论 debate with sb. on/about/over sth. 和某人辩论某事under debate 在辩论中 beyond debate/There is no debating that无可争辩3. environmental preserv
2、ation/protection 环境保护 the preservation/protection of the environment 4. follow the usual schedule for sth 按通常的预定计划 ahead of/on/behind schedule提前/按期/未按期5. open the floor 自由发言 have/get the floor 取得发言权 take the floor 开始发言6. produce large numbers of harmful chemicals 产生大量的有害化学物质许多，大量 large quantities of
3、 /a large quantity of +不可数或可数名词 (作主语时看quantity的形式)large numbers of /a large number of +可数名词；a great deal of +不可数名词; large amounts of /a large amount of +不可数名词 7. go into the atmosphere and make us sick 进入大气并使我们生病 in a friendly/festival atmosphere 在友好的/节日的气氛中8. flow into/out of 流入/流出（flowed-flowed）;
4、a steady flow of traffic川流不息的来往车辆9. lie-lay-lain-lying 躺，位于 lay-laid-laid-laying 放，搁; 下蛋 lie-lied-lied-lying说谎lay eggs 产卵，下蛋 lay the table 摆桌子，put/lay the blame on sb 将某事的责任归咎于某人lay aside 将放在一边; 放弃；储存；lay sb off 解雇 be laid off 下岗，失业10. result in a smaller number of fish left for us to eat 导致我们食用的鱼的数
5、目越来越小11. cut back on production 削减产量 reduce the number of 缩减的数量12. teach people ways of living that do not harm the environment 教给人们不损害环境的生活方式13. create more jobs /employment 创造更多就业机会14. be concerned about the present situation 担忧现状 concerning prep. 关于15. be seen as being against the environment 被视为
6、环保反对派 seeas 将视为view/consider /regard /think of as 认为是. ; 把.看成think of companies and businessmen as the enemy将公司和商人视作敌人16. be against/for the environment 反对/支持环境17. pour chemical waste into rivers 向河流倾倒化学废物18. hide from/run away from ones responsibilities 逃避责任；shoulder ones responsibility 承担责任 take r
7、esponsibility for (doing) sth; be responsible for sb/sth 对负责; It is ones responsibility/duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责 e.g. Oh, I have had enough of it. I give up. You cant _(逃避你的责任)【2012江苏高考】19. sb. hold/have the belief/view/opinion that 某人认为(that引导同位语从句)20. give them more credit 给他们更多的赞誉 21. find sb. w
8、illing to do sth 发现某人愿意做某事 be willing to do sth=be ready to do sth 愿意做某事22. pay a higher price for things that are friendly to the environment 以稍高的价格购买环保产品23. pay higher taxes (on sth) 缴纳更高的税款24. get the opportunity to present ones point/view获得机会陈述某人的观点25. pump a lot of pollution into the environmen
9、t 把大量的污染倾倒到环境26. use up more raw materials 用完更多的原材料 (use up=run out of sth用完、耗尽某物) (sth) run out/give out （某物）用完，耗尽: e.g. 1）I am still working on my project. Oh, you will miss the deadline(超过最后期限). Time is running out. 时间快到了。（08江苏）With time running out, you will miss the deadline.2）My patience gave
10、out. 我没有耐心了。Just as I approached the town, my legs finally gave out.（give out: stop working）Important sentences27. First I am talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical wastes. 我今天首先要跟你们谈的是化学废物如何破坏世界上的大片区域。（P 22 L10-11）28. Other types of waste flow into our wa
11、ter, killing river and sea life. 其他种类的废弃物则流入水域，杀死河流及海洋里的生物。(L13-14)29. While we damage our environment, we keep producing more and more people who need more land to live on and more food to eat. 当我们毁坏坏境的同时， 我们还生育越来越多的人口，他们需要更多的土地来居住，需要更多的实物来食用。(L18-19) 【不定式作定语修饰名词more land/food】30. The worlds popula
12、tion has grown by six times what it was in 1800. 目前世界人与1800年的人数相比已经增长了六倍。(L19-20) 【倍数的表达法】31. It is our duty to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy. 尽量消减生产和减少制造和和购买物品的数量是我们的职责。（L 21-22）32. It would be good to increase the amount of waste we recycle, and teach peopl
13、e ways of living that do not harm the environment. 增加我们回收东西的数量并且交给人们不危害坏境的生活方式是大有好处的。（L23-24）33. People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment, but this does not have to be true. 人们常认为经济发展对环保是不利的，但这个提法不一定正确。（PL32-33）34. What Im here to say is that having worked with many
14、environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time. 在这里我想说的是，我一直和很多环境顾问合作，所以我知道健康的环境和发展是可能同时并存的。(L 34-35)35. There are many factories and industries which control the amount of pollution they produce and are very careful to spend money re
15、pairing any damage they cause. 现在有很多的工厂和企业，它们控制污染物的排放量，很用心地投入资金，修复由自己造成的破坏。（L 36-37）36. However, I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled and less from raw materials, the supply of which is going smaller and smaller.但是，我非常赞同我们应该更多地利用回收材料制造产品，减少原材料使用，因为原材料的
16、供应正在变得越来越紧张。（L43-44）【the supply of which 是非限制性定语从句，修饰raw materials】37. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment. 【asking around分词短语时间作状语】我问过周围的人，发现许多人都愿意支付稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。(P 48-49)38. If you harm the environment, you should
17、 have to pay for it to be repaired.【to be repaired作目的状语】如果你破坏环境，你就应该为此付出更多的环境维护费用。39. There is no debating that we also have a problem with population. 无可争辩我们也有人口的问题。（P25）【There is no denying that 无可否认】40. What if raw materials run out? 如果原材料用完了该怎么办？【what would happen if】Word power, Grammar &Task P2
18、6-3741. dig up Earth to find fuels 开采燃料 42. cause/do damage to the ecosystem损害生态系统 There is much damage done to the ecosystem. 43. power the factories 给工厂供电44. on/upon the arrival of spring 春天一到45. keep the tortoise hidden in a blanket 把海龟藏在毯子下(keep+宾语+宾补)46. impress the audience给观众、听众留下深刻印象=make/le
19、ave a strong impression on the audience be impressed with/by sth 47. fight (with/against) desertification 和沙漠化做斗争48. take steps to stop the process of desertification 采取措施阻止沙漠化进程 49. stop/prevent/keep wind from blowing the soil away阻止风把土壤吹走50. do research into/on the problem of desertification进行沙漠化问
20、题的研究51. be devoted to doing sth专心致志于52. pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification 选出可能受沙漠化影响的地区 Important Sentences 53. The factory keeps giving off smoke, making the air dirty.工厂不断地发出黑烟，使得空气很脏。making 做结果状语(P30)54. He sat there, not knowing what to say. 他坐在那儿，不知道说什么。（P30）【分词的否定式: not+v
21、-ing; 此处作伴随状语】Not having received his letter, he decided to call him.【分词完成式的否定形式，此处作原因状语】55. China has taken many steps to stop the process of desertification, including encouraging farmers to build fences (which stop wind from blowing the soil away), and providing money for people in dry areas to p
22、lant more trees and bushes. 中国已采取诸多措施来阻止沙漠化的进程，如鼓励农民搭建栅栏（这些栅栏能阻止风把土壤吹走），以及给干旱地区的人们提供资金，让他们种植更多的树木和灌木。Project P38-3956. raise concern both in China and abroad 引起国内外的关注57. rely on the Yangtze River for water 依赖长江供水58. recognize the importance of protecting the river意识到保护河流的重要性59. stop the illegal hunt
23、ing of animals 阻止非法捕猎60. be under way 进行中 under control/ treatment/ repair/ construction在控制/治疗/修理/施工中61. result in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass 导致农民退耕还林62. appreciate (ones) doing sth. 欣赏(某人)做某事I would appreciate it if you could/would. 如果你我将不胜感激。（it 为形式宾语）63. let off carbon gase
24、s 释放二氧化碳64. in particular = particularly 尤其,特别 be particular about 对挑剔65. absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气 be absorbed in沉浸于,专心致志于 (同义词组联想：_）Important sentences in Project 66. Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river
25、. (L5-6) 对生长在长江中或沿岸的大量鱼类及野生生物来说也不是好消息。a wide range of = various 各种各样的; range from A to B / range between A and B 在范围内变动67. We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems in regard to the Yangtze River. (L21)要解决有关长江的所有问题，我们还有很长的一段路要走。68. There is no doubt that the world climate has been cha
26、nging in recent years. (L1)毫无疑问近年来世界气候一直在变化中。69. The more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off. (L7-8)我们消耗的汽油和电越多，我们排出的碳就越多。70. One thing we can all do to help solve this problem is to walk or use a bicycle when possible. (L9-10)为帮助解决这个问题我们能够做的一件事情就是尽可能地步行或骑自行车。71. P
27、lanting a small tree is cheap and easy, and two decades from now, when you look at what will have become a large tree, you will find a sense of satisfaction knowing that you did your part to help solve the problem of climate change. (L23-26)种植一棵小树很便宜也很简单，但二十年之后，当你看到它长成大树时，你会有一种满足感，因为你知道自己为解决气候变化问题尽了
28、一份力。Workbook Translation P1011. 他喜爱文学，尤其是经典作品。He is fond of literature, classic in particular.2. 在许多美国城市，在饭店内吸烟是违法的。In many American cities, it is illegal to smoke in restaurants.3. 时间不多了，我们必须立即行动起来。We must act now because time is running out.4. 他们俩在这件事情上意见相左。Their opinions conflicted with each othe
29、r on this matter.5. 现今，越来越多的人依靠电脑做很多事。Nowadays, more and more people rely on computers to do a lot of things.6. 我从众多人的谈话声中分辨出他的声音。I picked out his voice form among the conversations of many people.7. 怀特先生宣布他们将把电脑的产量削减百分之十。Mr. White declared that they would cut back on the production of computers by ten per cent.8. 关于他对这次广告宣传活动的建议，我们必须仔细讨论。In/ With regard to his suggestions on the ad campaign, we must discuss them carefully.
